Prafulla Chaki

Prafulla Chandra Chaki // (listen) (Bengali: প্রফুল্ল চাকী Profullo Chaki) (10 December 1888 – 2 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.

Prafulla Chaki
প্রফুল্ল চাকী
Prafulla Chaki
Born(1888-12-10)10 December 1888
Bogra district, Bengal Presidency, British India (presently in Bangladesh)
Died2 May 1908(1908-05-02) (aged 19)
Bengal Presidency, British India
NationalityIndian
OccupationFreedom fighters of India
Known forRole in Indian freedom struggle
MovementIndian independence movement
Anushilan Samiti
Influence
Anushilan Samiti
Notable events
Related topics

Prafulla and Khudiram Bose tried to assassinate the District Judge, Mr. Kingsford by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed was travel but he was not in the carriage and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.[1][2] Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi did not approve this violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win there freedom through these methods".[3][4][5][6] However, Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his newspaper Kesari, defended the two young men and called for immediate swaraj. This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.[7]

Early life

Prafulla Chandra Chaki was born in a well to do Jotdar family on 10 December 1888 in Bihar, a village in Bogra district of current day Bangladesh, then a part of Bengal Presidency.[8] His father's name was Rajnarayan Chaki and mother's name was Swarnomoyee Devi. Rajnarayan's ancestor Prankrishna Chaki (his grandfather) was a residents of Chanchakia, Pabna, Their actual title was Bosu,as the people living in chanchakia was given the title Chaki they were also called Chaki.He was the fifth child in his family, Rajnarayan was an employer in nagar estate. He started his education at Namuja Janada Prasad English School, an English medium school in Baguda, After completing his primary education he came to Rongpur with his elder brother Pratap chandra Chaki whose father in law was a reputed person in Rongpur, He was expelled from Rangpur Zilla School when studying in Class 9 for taking part in a students' demonstration that violated East Bengal law. He then joined Rangpur National School where he came in contact with revolutionaries and became a believer and practitioner of the revolutionary philosophies.[9] He loves horse riding and swimming. He was a renowned wrestler, lathikhalowar and athlete. He can run 5 mile in one hour

Revolutionary activities

Barin Ghosh brought Prafulla to Kolkata and he was enlisted in the Jugantar party. His first assignment was to kill Sir Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (1854-1935), the first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, the plan did not materialize.

Next, Prafulla, along with Khudiram Bose was chosen for the assassination of Kingsford, the magistrate of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Kingsford, during his previous tenure as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta, was unpopular for passing harsh and cruel sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also noted for inflicting corporal punishments on such workers. This led to the planning of his murder, and Chaki and Bose were selected and sent to Muzaffarpur to execute this task.[10] Prafulla took the fake name of 'Dinesh Chandra Roy' in this operation.[11]

The Muzaffarpur killing

Khudiram and Prafulla watched the usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill him. In the evening of 30 April 1908, the duo waited in front of the gate of European Club for the carriage of Kingsford to come. When a vehicle came out of the gate, a bomb was thrown into the carriage. There was a mistake of identification by them, as the vehicle was not carrying Kingsford, but wife and daughter of Mr Pringle Kennedy, a leading pleader of Muzaffarpur Bar. The daughter died soon and his wife succumbed to her injuries.[10] The revolutionaries fled.

The manhunt and suicide

Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Prafulla reached Samastipur where he was given shelter and clothing by a railway staff member, Triguna Charan Ghosh. Ghosh also provided him an inter-class ticket in the night train for Mokama.[10] Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer in the same compartment, suspected Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama station platform, but Prafulla committed suicide with his own revolver.[12] His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata for further identification by Khudiram who was captured.[10] Khudiram was later arrested and was hanged to death. The police inspector, Nandalal Banerjee, was assassinated by two young revolutionaries, Srishh Pal and Ranen Ganguly.[13] Their relatives lives in Uttar and Dakhin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Pratap Chanda Chaki's great grandson Subrata Chaki lives in Kolkata.

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References
  1. "Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  2. Arun Chandra Guha (1971). First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920. Orient Longman. p. 131. OCLC 254043308. Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19th August, 1908.
  3. Rama Hari Shankar (1996). Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries. Siddharth Publications. p. 48. ISBN 978-81-7220-079-4. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  4. Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala (2015). Panorama. Ocean Books Pvt. Limited. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-81-8430-312-4. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  5. Mahatma Gandhi (1962). Collected works. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. p. 223. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  6. Bhaskar Chandra Das; G. P. Mishra (1978). Gandhi in to-day's India. Ashish. p. 51. OCLC 461855455. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  7. "The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak". Hindustan Times. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  8. "Chaki, Prafulla". Banglapedia. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  9. "Prafulla Chandra Chaki". istampgallery.com. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  10. Ritu Chaturvedi (2007). Bihar Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. pp. 340–. ISBN 978-81-7625-798-5. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  11. Hitendra Patel (2008). Khudiram Bose Revolutionary Extraordinaire. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123022789. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  12. Arun Chandra Guha (1971). First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920. Orient Longman. p. 131. OCLC 254043308. One Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji, was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.
  13. Subodh ch. Sengupta & Anjali Basu, Vol - I (2002). Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali). Kolkata: Sahitya Sansad. p. 541. ISBN 978-81-85626-65-9.
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