Peter Johnson Gulick

Peter Johnson Gulick (March 12, 1796 – December 8, 1877) was a missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii and Japan. His descendants carried on the tradition of missionary work, and included several scientists.

Peter Johnson Gulick
Born	(1796-03-12)March 12, 1796 Freehold Borough, New Jersey
Died	December 8, 1877(1877-12-08) (aged 81) Kobe, Japan
Nationality	United States
Occupation	Missionary
Spouse(s)	Fanny Hinckley Thomas
Children	8
Parent(s)	John Gulick Lydia Combs

Fanny Gulick (1798–1883).

Life

Peter Johnson Gulick was born March 12, 1796 in Freehold Borough, New Jersey to John Gulick (1766–1838) and Lydia Combs (1768–1836).[1] He studied at the private Lawrenceville School from 1820 to 1822. Along with James Brainerd Taylor (1801–1829) and two other students, Gulick helped found Princeton University's Philadelphian Society of Nassau Hall (1825–1930, now called Princeton Christian Fellowship).[2][3][4][5] He graduated from Princeton in 1825, and did additional studies at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1827.

On September 5, 1827 he married Frances "Fanny" Hinckley Thomas who was born April 16, 1798 in Lebanon, Connecticut. He was ordained as a Presbyterian minister on October 3, 1827.

On November 3, 1827 the couple sailed from Boston as part of the third company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.[6]^:24 They reached Honolulu, Hawaii on March 30, 1828. They were first assigned to the mission at Waimea on the island of Kauaʻi. In 1835 they moved to Kōloa on Kauaʻi, where the Kōloa sugar plantation had just been started by Ladd & Co.

After the Ladd company failed in 1843, they moved to the island of Molokaʻi where they assisted Harvey Rexford Hitchcock and his wife Rebecca Howard Hitchcock. In 1847 they moved to Waialua on the island of Oʻahu. In 1857 they moved to Honolulu.[6]^:24

His brother William Gulick married Fanny's sister Eliza Throop Thomas (1804–1903). Their son Charles T. Gulick (1841–1897) also went to Hawaii to serve as a missionary.[7]

In 1874, the Gulicks went to Kobe, Japan to join their sons. Peter Gulick died on December 8, 1877. Fanny died May 24, 1883 in Kobe. They had a total of 8 children who traveled throughout the world.

Descendants

• Son Luther Halsey Gulick was born in Honolulu on June 10, 1828, married Louisa Lewis October 29, 1850, and became a missionary physician. He died on April 8, 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts.[6]^:92
  • Their son Sidney Lewis Gulick (1860–1945) was a minister in Japan and educator in the US. Sidney's son, also named Luther Halsey Gulick (1892–1993), was a social scientist.
  • Luther and Louisa's son Luther Halsey Gulick Jr. (1865–1918) was a physician who founded Camp Fire Girls. He supervised the development of the game of basketball.[8] Luther Jr.'s daughter Frances Gulick (1891–1936) operated a canteen for servicemen near the front lines of World War I.[9][10]

The seven surviving children all became missionaries

• Son Orramel Hinckley Gulick was born in Honolulu October 7, 1830, married Ann Eliza Clark (1833–1938), daughter of missionary Ephraim Weston Clark (1799–1878). He served as a missionary to Japan, and returned to Hawaii, where he died September 18, 1923.[6]^:24[11] They published a history of the missions in 1918.[12]
• Son John Thomas Gulick was born March 13, 1832 on Kauaʻi, became a missionary and biologist and died April 14, 1923. He exchanged ideas on some of the early theories of evolution with Charles Darwin.[13]
• Son Charles Finney Gulick was born April 10, 1834 in Honolulu. He died January 18, 1854 in Glenhaven, New York before he could attend college.[14]
• Son William Hooker Gulick was born November 18, 1835 on Kauaʻi. He first traveled to Venezuela and Colombia. He married Alice Gordon Kitteredge December 12, 1871 and became a missionary to Spain that year.[15] They founded Instituto Internacional in Madrid as a school for girls in 1892.[16]

He moved to Boston in 1919 where he died April 14, 1922.[17]

• Son Theodore Weld Gulick was born May 8, 1837 (named for Theodore Dwight Weld), married Mary Agnes Thompson in 1867. He trained as a dentist, but became a missionary to various places from Kyoto, Japan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died April 7, 1924 in Long Beach, California.
  • Their son Walter Vose Gulick, (April 14, 1870 – February 10, 1922) became a physician and author in Washington state.[18][19]
• Son Thomas Lafron Gulick was born April 10, 1839, married Alice E. Walbridge (1843–1911) in 1872, and joined his brother William in Spain in 1873.[14] In 1883 they left Spain and worked in Cuba, Las Vegas, Nevada; and New Mexico. They returned to Hawaii in 1886, where he was pastor of Makawao Union Church 1887–1892. In 1893 they moved to Philadelphia, where she was matron and he chaplain at the Penn Presbyterian Medical Center.[20] On an expedition with Samuel Thomas Alexander and Annie Montague Alexander to Africa, Thomas died on August 15, 1904 in Kijabe, Kenya.[21]
• Daughter Julia Ann Eliza Gulick was born June 5, 1845, and moved with her parents to live with Orramel in Kobe in 1874. She worked as a missionary there, until returning to Honolulu and working with Japanese people in Hawaii; she died in 1936.[22]

She, Orramel, John, and Sidney are buried in the Mission House cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church.[23] Since Julia had not yet been born when her brother Luther Halsey Gulick left for the United States in 1840, the family never was all together in the same place at one time.

All the children except Luther graduated from Punahou School[24] Luther Gulick served as a trustee from 1865-1870.[25]

Family tree

References

1. Clifford Putney (2001). "The Legacy of the Gulicks, 1827-1964". International Bulletin of Missionary Research.
2. Clifford Putney (2010). Missionaries in Hawai'i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 1797–1883. University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1-55849-735-1.
3. Benjamin Holt Rice and John Holt Rice (1833). Memoir of James Brainerd Taylor, Second Edition. American Tract Society. p. 39.
4. I. Francis Kyle III (2008). An Uncommon Christian: James Brainerd Taylor, Forgotten Evangelist in America's Second Great Awakening. University Press of America. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-0-7618-3862-3.
5. I. Francis Kyle III (editor) (2008). Of Intense Brightness: The Spirituality of Uncommon Christian James Brainerd Taylor. University Press of America. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-7618-3970-5.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
6. Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901). Portraits of American Protestant missionaries to Hawaii. Honolulu: Hawaiian gazette co.
7. Benjamin Woodbridge Dwight (1871). The history of the descendants of Elder John Strong, of Northampton, Mass. J. Munsell. pp. 787–788.
8. "Luther and Charlotte Gulick". Kansas State University. August 24, 2002. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
9. Frances Jewett Gulick at Find a Grave
10. Katherine Mayo (2009-05-15). 'That Damn Y' a Record of Overseas Service. Bibliographical Center for Research. p. 118. ISBN 9781110810208. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
11. "1830—Orramel Hinckley Gulick —1923". The Friend. pp. 232–234.
12. Orramel Hinckley Gulick; Ann Clark Gulick (1918). The Pilgrims of Hawaii: Their Own Story of Their Pilgrimage from New England. Fleming H. Revell company.
13. Charles H. Smith; Joshua Woleben; Carubie Rodgers (2007). "Gulick, John Thomas (United States 1832-1923)". Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists: Chrono-Biographical Sketches. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
14. "William H. Gulick Reception". Annual report. Volume 61. Hawaiian Mission Children's Society. 1913. pp. 60–75.
15. Elizabeth Putnam Gordon (1917). Alice Gordon Gulick: her life and work in Spain. Fleming H. Revell company Instituto Internacional (Madrid Spain). p. 14.
16. "Historio del Instituto Internacional". official web site. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2010. (Spanish)
17. National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States (1922). The Congregational year-book. Congregational Publishing Society. p. 469.
18. "In memoriam: Dr. Walter Vose Gulick". Annual report. Volume 70. Hawaiian Mission Children's Society. 1922. p. 71.
19. Walter Vose Gulick (1918). Mental diseases. C.V. Mosby Company. ISBN 978-0-217-02215-6.
20. John T. Gulick (February 1911). "Mrs. Alice E. Walbridge Gulick". The Friend. p. 74.
21. James M. Alexander (December 1904). "The death of Mr. Samuel T. Alexander". The Friend. LXI (12). p. 5.
22. "From the Beginning: Missionaries & Montreat". Presbyterian Heritage Center at Montreat. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
23. William Disbro (November 6, 2001). "Mission Houses Cemetery, Honolulu, Hawaii". US Genweb archives. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
24. Frances Gulick Jewett (1895). Luther Halsey Gulick: missionary in Hawaii, Micronesia, Japan, and China. Congregational Sunday-School and Publishing Society. (author is daughter of Luther Halsey Gulick)
25. School, Punahou (1891). Punahou jubilee celebration, June 25–26, 1891. p. 124.
26. PUTNEY, CLIFFORD (2010). Missionaries in Hawai'i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 17971883. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-735-1.
27. Jewett, Frances Gulick (1895). Luther Halsey Gulick: Missionary in Hawaii, Micronesia, Japan, and China. Congregational Sunday-School and Publishing Society.
28. "Sidney Gulick Densho Encyclopedia". encyclopedia.densho.org. Retrieved 2020-04-06.