Pecos, Texas
Pecos (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs[5]) is the largest city in and the county seat of Reeves County, Texas, United States.[6] It is in the valley on the west bank of the Pecos River at the eastern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert, in the Trans-Pecos region of west Texas and just below New Mexico's border. The population was 8,780 at the 2010 census. On January 24, 2012, Pecos City appeared on the Forbes 400 as the second fastest-growing small town in the United States.[7] The city is a regional commercial center for ranching, oil and gas production and agriculture. The city is most recognized for its association with the local cultivation of cantaloupes.[8][9] Pecos claims to be the site of the world's first rodeo on July 4, 1883.[10]
Pecos, Texas | |
---|---|
Storefronts in downtown Pecos | |
Nickname(s): Tarilas | |
Location of Pecos, Texas | |
Coordinates: 31°24′56″N 103°30′0″W | |
Country | United States |
State | Texas |
County | Reeves |
Government | |
• Mayor | David Flores |
Area | |
• Total | 22.22 sq mi (57.56 km2) |
• Land | 22.22 sq mi (57.56 km2) |
• Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
Elevation | 2,601 ft (793 m) |
Population (2010) | |
• Total | 8,780 |
• Estimate (2019)[2] | 10,461 |
• Density | 470.73/sq mi (181.75/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
ZIP code | 79772 |
Area code(s) | 432 |
FIPS code | 48-56516[3] |
GNIS feature ID | 1364996[4] |
Website | http://www.pecostx.gov/ |
History
Pecos is one of the numerous towns in western Texas organized around a train depot during the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway. These towns were subsequently linked by the construction of U.S. Highway 80 and Interstate 20. Prior to the arrival of the railroad, a permanent camp existed nearby where cattle drives crossed the Pecos River. With the introduction of irrigation from underground aquifers, the city became a center of commerce for extensive local agricultural production of cotton, onions and cantaloupes. The introduction of large-scale sulfur mining in adjacent Culberson County during the 1960s led to significant economic and population growth.[11] The growth was reversed after mining operations ceased in the 1990s.
In 1962 Pecos resident and tycoon Billie Sol Estes was indicted for fraud by a federal grand jury. Estes' extensive machinations caused a national-level scandal, resulting in a shakeup at the Department of Agriculture. Oscar Griffin, Jr. of the Pecos Independent and Enterprise newspaper won a Pulitzer Prize for breaking the story.[12]
Pecos is the site of the largest private prison in the world, the Reeves County Detention Complex, operated by the GEO Group.[13]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.3 square miles (19 km2), all of it land.
Demographics
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1890 | 393 | — | |
1900 | 639 | 62.6% | |
1910 | 1,856 | 190.5% | |
1920 | 1,445 | −22.1% | |
1930 | 3,304 | 128.7% | |
1940 | 4,855 | 46.9% | |
1950 | 8,054 | 65.9% | |
1960 | 12,728 | 58.0% | |
1970 | 12,682 | −0.4% | |
1980 | 12,855 | 1.4% | |
1990 | 12,069 | −6.1% | |
2000 | 9,501 | −21.3% | |
2010 | 8,780 | −7.6% | |
Est. 2019 | 10,461 | [2] | 19.1% |
1890-2000,[14] 2010[15] |
As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 9,501 people, 3,168 households, and 2,455 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,300.1 people per square mile (501.8/km2). There were 3,681 housing units at an average density of 503.7 per square mile (194.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 2.45% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 18.06% from other races, and 22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 79.57% of the population.
There were 3,168 households, out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.47.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,943, and the median income for a family was $26,376. Males had a median income of $25,867 versus $13,874 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,857. About 23.4% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.0% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The City of Pecos is served by the Pecos-Barstow-Toyah Independent School District, which currently has five schools:
- Pecos Kindergarten
- Austin Elementary - 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade
- Bessie Haynes Elementary - 4th and 5th grade
- Crockett Middle School - 6th, 7th and 8th grade
- Pecos High School - 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade
Climate
Pecos experiences a semiarid to desert climate with hot summers and mild winters. Pecos' aridity results in a substantial diurnal temperature variation, resulting in cool nights even after hot summer days.
Climate data for Pecos, Texas | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 89 (32) |
94 (34) |
103 (39) |
106 (41) |
112 (44) |
118 (48) |
116 (47) |
113 (45) |
110 (43) |
106 (41) |
94 (34) |
89 (32) |
118 (48) |
Average high °F (°C) | 61 (16) |
66 (19) |
74 (23) |
84 (29) |
91 (33) |
99 (37) |
99 (37) |
98 (37) |
92 (33) |
82 (28) |
69 (21) |
63 (17) |
82 (28) |
Average low °F (°C) | 28 (−2) |
31 (−1) |
38 (3) |
48 (9) |
57 (14) |
67 (19) |
69 (21) |
68 (20) |
61 (16) |
50 (10) |
35 (2) |
29 (−2) |
48 (9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −9 (−23) |
−8 (−22) |
12 (−11) |
24 (−4) |
30 (−1) |
48 (9) |
55 (13) |
45 (7) |
37 (3) |
25 (−4) |
8 (−13) |
1 (−17) |
−9 (−23) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.42 (11) |
0.38 (9.7) |
0.33 (8.4) |
0.57 (14) |
1.14 (29) |
1.11 (28) |
1.33 (34) |
1.24 (31) |
1.85 (47) |
1.16 (29) |
0.47 (12) |
0.49 (12) |
10.48 (266) |
Source: Weatherbase [16] |
Notable people
- Oscar Griffin, Jr. winner 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting[17]
- Roger Mobley, later child actor, resided in Pecos in the 1950s.
- Paul Patterson, western author spent his later years in both Pecos and Crane, Texas.
- Billie Sol Estes, financier convicted of fraud[12]
- Abel Talamantez of the Kumbia Kings
References
- "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "How to Pronounce: P Cities". texastripper.com. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- "Pecos, Texas (TX 79772) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders". city-data.com. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- View Atlas Data
- "Pecos Cantaloupe Industry". Archived from the original on 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
- "View Atlas Data". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- SULFUR INDUSTRY from the Handbook of Texas Online
- McFadden, Robert D. (May 14, 2013). "Billie Sol Estes, Texas Con Man Whose Fall Shook Up Washington, Dies at 88". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
- "Private Prisons, Public Pain". fwweekly.com. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- Texasalmanac (PDF-Datei; 1,13 MB)
- "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)". census.gov. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- "Weatherbase: Weather for Pecos, Texas". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 22, 2011.
- "Pulitzer Prize Awardees - The University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved 15 September 2016.