Peace Monument

The Peace Monument, also known as the Naval Monument or Civil War Sailors Monument, stands on the grounds of the United States Capitol in Peace Circle at First Street, N.W., and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. The 44 foot (13.4 m) high white marble memorial was erected from 1877 to 1878 in commemoration of the naval deaths at sea during the American Civil War. Today it stands as part of a three-part sculptural group including the James A. Garfield Monument and the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial.

Peace Monument
ArtistFranklin Simmons
Year1877 (1877)
TypeCarrara Ravaccione marble
Dimensions12 m × 3.0 m × 3.0 m (40 ft × 10 ft × 10 ft)
LocationWashington, D.C., United States
OwnerArchitect of the Capitol
Peace Monument
LocationWashington, D.C.
Coordinates38°53′26.28″N 77°0′44.39″W
Part ofCivil War Monuments in Washington, DC.
NRHP reference No.78000257[1]
Added to NRHPSeptember 20, 1978[2]

Description

At the top of the monument, facing west, stand two classically robed female figures. Grief holds her covered face against the shoulder of History and weeps in mourning. History holds a stylus and a tablet that was inscribed "They died that their country might live." Below Grief and History, another life-size classical female figure represents Victory, holding high a laurel wreath and carrying an oak branch, signifying strength. Below her are the infant Mars, the god of war, and the infant Neptune, god of the sea. The shaft of the monument is decorated with wreaths, ribbons, and scallop shells.

Facing the Capitol is Peace, a classical figure draped from the waist down and holding an olive sprig. Below her are symbols of peace and industry. A dove, now missing and not documented in any known photographs, once nested upon a sheaf of wheat in a grouping of a cornucopia, turned earth, and a sickle resting across a sword. Opposite, the symbols of science, literature, and art (including an angle, a gear, a book, and a pair of dividers) signify the progress of civilization that peace makes possible.

At the corners of the monument, four marble globes are visually supported by massive brackets. The fountain below, with a jet on each side, empties into a quatrefoil-shaped basin.

Its inscription reads:

In memory of the officers, seamen and marines of the United States Navy who fell in defense of the Union and liberty of their country, 1861–1865."[3]

The sculptor of the monument was Franklin Simmons (1839–1913), who was born in Maine, where he became known for his portrait busts. He worked in Rome after 1867, when he received the commission for a statue of Roger Williams for the National Statuary Hall collection. In all, he created four statues and three busts for the United States Capitol. The Peace Monument is an example of his idealized neoclassical sculpture.

The Peace Monument, first intended for Annapolis, Maryland, was conceived by Admiral David Dixon Porter, who had commanded fleets of gunboats and troop transports during the war. Porter first sketched a simple design depicting Grief and History; beginning in 1865, he raised funds from private contributors, and the monument was commissioned from Simmons in 1871. The sculptor carved the Carrara marble in Rome and worked directly with Admiral Porter on many changes in the designs, including the addition of other figures. The architectural part of the monument was made by the Bonanni Brothers of Carrara, Italy, under Simmons's direction. The marble pieces were shipped to Washington in 1876; in 1877 the monument was erected on the base of Maine blue granite (designed by Architect of the Capitol Edward Clark); and the final figure, Peace, was set into place in January 1878.

The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington, DC, of the National Register of Historic Places.

  • Grief holds her covered face against the shoulder of History and weeps in mourning.
  • Victory with infants Mars and Neptune
  • Peace
gollark: It's the holidays now and I don't actually have the hardware, so I'm going to research OpenCV stuff, come up with a nice way to remote-control it, and look into better motors.
gollark: Currently all it can do usefully is move slightly, the ultrasonic sensor/accelerometer thing aren't hooked up to this Pi.
gollark: One of them seems to be mismatched, so it veers horribly left.
gollark: The ultrasonic one is easy, the accelerometer/gyro was mildly annoying due to poor docs but is doing things now, getting useful stuff from the camera means complex computer vision things.
gollark: I haven't gotten much working with it yet, but a camera, ultrasonic distance sensor (the very common module for that), and accelerometer/gyroscope.

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "American Revolution Statuary". National Park Service. September 20, 1978. Archived from the original on February 20, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
  3. "Peace Monument, (sculpture)". Inventory of American Sculpture, Smithsonian AmericanArt Museum. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
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