Panjshir Province

Panjshir (Persian: پنجشیر‎, literally "Five Lions", also spelled as Panjsher) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. The province is divided into seven districts and contains 512 villages. As of 2018, the population of Panjshir province is about 100,000.[1][2] Bazarak serves as the provincial capital. A report says more than 70,000 people of Panjshir province living outside of this province, particularly located in Kabul city of Afghanistan.

Panjshir

پنجشیر
Province
A view of a valley in the Panjshir Province of Afghanistan in 2009
Map of Afghanistan with Panjshir highlighted
Coordinates (Capital): 35.4°N 70.0°E / 35.4; 70.0
Country Afghanistan
CapitalBazarak
Government
 • GovernorMuhammad Arif Sarwari
Area
 • Total3,610 km2 (1,390 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total100,000
 • Density28/km2 (72/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
ISO 3166 codeAF-PAN
Main languagesDari

Panjshir became an independent province from neighboring Parwan Province in 2004. It is surrounded by Baghlan and Takhar in the north, Badakhshan and Nuristan in the east, Laghman and Kapisa in the south, and Parwan in the west.

History
Further information: History of Afghanistan

The territory was ruled by the Khanate of Bukhara between the early 16th century and the mid-18th century. It was given to Ahmad Shah Durrani by Murad Beg of Bukhara after a treaty of friendship was signed in or about 1750, and became part of the Durrani Empire. It was not ruled by the Durranis followed by the Barakzai dynasty, and was untouched by the British during the 19th century Anglo-Afghan wars. Panjshir was attacked multiple times during the Soviet-Afghan War, against Ahmad Shah Massoud and his forces.

Afghanistan's first wind farm in Panjshir Province.

In 1973, Mohammed Daoud Khan took over power in Afghanistan and began threatening to invade Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This was supported by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) but caused great anxiety in Pakistan. By 1975, the young Ahmad Shah Massoud and his followers initiated an uprising in Panjshir but were forced to flee to Peshawar in Pakistan where they received support from Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto is said to have paved the way for the April 1978 Saur Revolution in Kabul by making Daoud spread the Afghan Armed Forces to the countryside.[3] The Panjshir region was in rebel control from August 17, 1979 after an uprising,[4] and the region was well defended by commander Massoud during the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War against the PDPA government and the Soviet Union.

After the collapse of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in 1992 the area became part of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. By late 1990s, Panjshir and neighboring Badakhshan province, served as a staging ground for the Northern Alliance against the Taliban government. On September 9, 2001, Defense Minister Massoud was assassinated by two al-Qaeda operatives.[5] Two days later the September 2001 attacks occurred in the United States and this led to the start of a major U.S.-led war in Afghanistan.

Containing the Panjshir Valley, in April 2004 Panjshir District of Parwan Province was turned into a province under the Karzai administration. The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) established several bases in the province. In the meantime, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) also established bases, a US-led Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) began operating in Panjshir in the late 2000s. As of 2012, security in the province is maintained by the Afghan National Police and the Afghan National Army.

Politics and governance

The current Governor of the province is Engineer Kamalludin Nezami. His predecessor was Mohammad Arif Seward and Keramuddin Keram. Bazarak is the capital of Panjshir province. All law enforcement activities throughout the province are handled by the Afghan National Police (ANP). A provincial Police Chief is assigned to lead both the ANP. The Police Chief represents the Ministry of the Interior in Kabul. The ANP is backed by the military, including the NATO-led forces.

During the parliamentary elections of 2005, Saleh Mohammad Registani was elected as the only male representative of the Panjsher province to Afghanistan's House of Representatives or Wolesi Jirga.

Healthcare
Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 16% in 2005, to 17% in 2011.[6] And as many as 23% of births in 2011 were attended to by a skilled birth attendant.[6]

Education
Further information: Education in Afghanistan

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 33% in 2005 to 32% in 2011.[6] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) fell from 42% in 2005 to 40% in 2011.[6] Four Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) schools service the agriculturally-oriented Panjshir Province, including the Ahmad Shah Massoud TVET. The school was established with the help from the Hilfe Paderborn and German Foreign Office and has about 250 students and 22 staff members (as of August 2014).

Demography
Ethnolinguistic groups of Afghanistan
U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Abraham Jara hands out first aid kits to Afghan locals during a first aid class at a school in the Dara district of Panjshir province.

According to the Institute for the Study of War, "Tajiks form the majority of the population."[2]

Dari (Afghan Persian) is the dominant language in the province. All inhabitants are followers of Islam, and exclusively Sunni while the Hazaras of other parts of Afghanistan are mostly Shias (Shiites).[2]

Population by districts
Districts of Panjshir Province
District Capital Population[7] Area Number of villages
Anabac. 85,000164 km231[8]
BazarakBazarakc. 65,000378 km229[9]
Dara/ also known as (Persian: درۀ هزاره / Dara-ye-Hazara)c. 38,000709 km2134[10]
Khenjc. 90,000688 km2154[11]
Paryanc. 30,9021270 km267[12]
Rokhac. 45,000144 km272[13]
Shotulc. 18,00055 km223[14]

Places of interest

Notable people from the province
  • Ahmad Shah Massoud Afghan guerrilla warfare leader, National hero of Afghanistan
  • Dr. Abdullah Abdullah Afghan politician, current Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation
  • Amrullah Saleh Afghan politician, current Vice President of Afghanistan
  • Muhammad Qasim Fahim Field marshal, former Vice President of Afghanistan
  • Bismillah Khan Mohammadi Minister of defense
  • Abdul Hafiz Mansoor First director of radio and television in Afghanistan
  • Ahmad Zia Massoud Afghan politician, former Vice President of Afghanistan
  • Yunus Qanuni Afghan politician, former Vice President of Afghanistan
  • Dastagir Panjsheri Minister of education
  • Keramuddin Keram Governor of the province
  • Ahmad Wali Massoud Afghanistani Politicians
  • Qahar Asi Modern poet
  • Mohammad Alam Izdyar First deputy house of elders
  • Mohammad Rasool Khinji University Instructor
  • Abdul Qahar Abid Chief Of Staf For Chief Executive
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See also

References
  1. "Settled Population of Panjsher province by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Central Statistics Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  2. "Panjshir Province". Understanding War. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
  3. Bowersox, Gary W. (2004). The Gem Hunter: The Adventures of an American in Afghanistan. United States: GeoVision, Inc. p. 100. ISBN 0-9747-3231-1. Retrieved 2010-08-22. To launch this plan, Bhutto recruited and trained a group of Afghans in the Bala-Hesar of Peshawar, in Pakistan's North-west Frontier Province. Among these young men were Massoud, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and other members of Jawanan-e Musulman. It served Massoud's interests, which were apparently opposition to the Soviets and independence for Afghanistan. Later, after Massoud and Hekmatyar had a terrible falling-out over Massoud's opposition to terrorist tactics and methods, Massoud overthrew from Jawanan-e Musulman. He joined Rabani's newly created Afghan political party, Jamiat-i-Islami, in exile in Pakistan.
  4. https://books.google.com/books?id=oyQDAwAAQBAJ&pg=
  5. "The Spy Who Quit". PBS - Frontline. January 17, 2011. Retrieved 2014-10-18.
  6. Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-30. Retrieved 2014-05-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Panjshir Province". Government of Afghanistan and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  8. Onaba District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Bazarak District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Dara District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Khenj District (Re-elected)
  12. Pariyan District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Rukha District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  14. Shotol District (Re-elected) Archived 2016-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
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