Nebiryraw I

Sewadjenre Nebiryraw (also Nebiriau I, Nebiryerawet I) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Theban-based 16th Dynasty, during the Second Intermediate Period.

Sewadjenre Nebiryraw
Nebiryerawet, Nebiriau
Dagger of Nebiryraw I (JE 33702)
Pharaoh
Reign1627–1601 BC (16th Dynasty)
PredecessorSeankhenre Mentuhotepi
SuccessorNebiryraw II
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Sewadjenre
S.w3ḏ-n-Rˁ
He who is made to flourish by Ra[1]

Nomen
Nebiryraw
Nb-jrj-r-3w
The possessor of all[2]


Horus name
Sewadjtawy
S.w3ḏ-t3wj
He who causes the Two Lands to flourish

Nebty name
Netjerkheperu
Nṯrj-ḫprw
Divine of transformations
Golden Horus
Neferkha
Nfr-ḫa
Golden falcon, perfect of appearances

Turin canon: Nebiryawre
Nb jrj 3w Rˁ
The possessor of all (things of) Ra

Karnak king list: Sewadjenre
S.w3ḏ-n-Rˁ
He who is made to flourish by Ra
ChildrenNebiryraw II?
Died1601 BC

Reign

On the Turin Canon he is credited with a 26-year-long reign and was succeeded by his namesake Nebiryraw II, who may have been his son.[3] All the seals issued by Nebiryraw were made of clay or frit rather than the usual steatite which implies there were no mining expeditions dispatched to the Eastern Desert region of Egypt during his reign.[4] Two seals of this king were found at Lisht which at the time was part of the Hyksos realm; this finding may demonstrate diplomatic contacts between the Theban dynasty and the Hyksos during Nebiryraw's reign, although this is uncertain.[5]

Attestations

Besides the mention in the Turin Canon and the aforementioned seals, Nebiryraw I is mainly known from the Juridical Stela, a well known administrative document dated to his regnal Year 1, now at the Cairo Museum (JE 52453).[6] Also in Cairo (JE 33702) there is a copper dagger bearing his throne name, discovered by Flinders Petrie in a cemetery at Hu, in late 1890s.[7][8] Nebiryraw is also depicted along with the goddess Maat on a small stela which is part of the Egyptian collection located in Bonn.[9]

Nebiryraw's throne name Sewadjenre (along with the epithets "good god" and "deceased") appears on the base of a bronze statuette of the god Harpocrates now in Cairo (JE 38189), along with other royal names, two of them – Ahmose and Binpu – apparently belonging to princes of the 17th Dynasty which would replace the 16th Dynasty shortly thereafter. The statuette also mentions a "good god Neferkare, deceased" which is generally believed to be the throne name of Nebiryraw's purported son and successor, Nebiryraw II. The statuette is clearly non-contemporary, however, since the cult of Harpocrates was introduced during the Ptolemaic period i.e. about 1500 years after the people named on the statuette had lived.[10]

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References
  1. "Titulary". Archived from the original on 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  2. Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). The great name: ancient Egyptian royal titulary. Writings from the ancient world, no. 33. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58-983736-2, see p. 84
  3. Ryholt, Kim (1997). The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (=Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-421-0., pp. 155, 202
  4. Ryholt, pp. 159-60
  5. Ryholt, p. 162
  6. Lacau, Pierre (1949). "Une stèle juridique de Karnak". Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte. Supplément. 13.
  7. Petrie, Flinders (1901). Diospolis Parva, the cemeteries of Abadiyeh and Hu, 1898-9, pl. 32, n. 17
  8. Ryholt, p. 178, n. 639
  9. Pieke, Gabi (ed.) (2006) Tod und Macht, Jenseitsvorstellungen in Altägypten, Bonn, fig. on p.61
  10. Redford, Donald B. (1986). Pharaonic king-lists, annals and day-books: a contribution to the study of the Egyptian sense of history. Mississauga: Benben Publications. ISBN 0920168078., p. 55
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