Mughallis

Mughallis (Arabic: مٌغلّس‎) was a Palestinian Arab village located 30.5 kilometers (19.0 mi) northwest of Hebron. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War between July 9–10, 1948 as part of Operation An-Far.

Mughallis

مٌغلّس
Village
Etymology: Coming to water at the morning twilight, or making a raid at that time.[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Mughallis (click the buttons)
Mughallis
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 31°43′45″N 34°52′57″E
Palestine grid139/126
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictHebron
Date of depopulationJuly 9–10, 1948[2]
Area
 • Total11,459 dunams (11.459 km2 or 4.424 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total540[3]][4]
Cause(s) of depopulationInfluence of nearby town's fall
Current LocalitiesGefen[5]

History

Ottoman era

It was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, and by the 1596 tax records it was located it nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza, part of Gaza Sanjak, with a population of 77 household, an estimated 424 persons, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 10,350 akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.[6]

In May 1863 Victor Guérin described it as a hamlet, still inhabited by a few families, and was designated to him by the name of Deir al Mokhalles, which Guérin translated as the Convent of the Saviour. He noted that the name probably derived from a former convent, which formerly existed at the place.[7]

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Meghallis had 27 houses and a population of 71, though the population count included men, only.[8][9]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Mughullis as: "A village of moderate size, approached by an ancient road, and principally consisting of stone houses."[10]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate for Palestine, the population was recorded as 311 Muslims,[11] increasing in the 1931 census to 447 Muslims, in 93 houses.[12]

In the 1945 statistics it had a population of 540 Muslims,[3] with 11,459 dunams of land.[4] 88 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 7,277 for cereals,[13] while 23 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[14]

Mughallis 1945 1:250,000
Mughallis 1948 1:20,000

1948, aftermath

Mughallis became depopulated on July 9–10, 1948.[2][15] On 16 July, Giv‘ati HQ informed General Staff\Operations that "our forces have entered the villages of Qazaza, Kheima, Jilya, ‘Idnibba and Mughallis, expelled the inhabitants, [and] blown up and torched a number of houses. The area is at the moment clear of Arabs."[16]

The IDF were instructed to prevent infiltration to Summeil, Barqusya, Bi‘lin, Masmiya al Saghira, al Tina, Kheima, Idnibba, Jilya, Qazaza, and Mughallis. The orders specifically were to "destroy" any "armed force" encountered and to "expel.....unarmed villagers".[17] During the following days, patrols expelled refugees near Tel as Safi, al Tina, and Mughallis, apparently killing three of those initially detained.[18] In mid August 1948, a Giv‘ati patrol re-visited Idnibba, Mughallis, Jilya, Qazaza and Sajd, killing "a handful of Arabs" in a number of clashes.[19]

In 1955 Gefen was founded on village land, north of the village site.[5]

In 1992 the village site was described: "The site and surrounding area are fenced in. The debris from the houses have been levelled, and one can still see building components. Remnants of a house on the east side are ringed by stone markers that formerly identified the boundaries of a home garden. Numerous trees, including olive and carob trees, grow on all sides and cactuses are found on the northern and southern edges."[5]

gollark: Logos can sometimes be UTTER sulfur hexafluoride.
gollark: MORE than just the operands.
gollark: Most operators are just plain non-scopey arithmetic; they only care about operands.
gollark: +- don't particularly.
gollark: Operators don't have to be. That seems arbitrary.

References
  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 272
  2. Morris, 2004, p. xix, #271. Also gives cause of depopulation.
  3. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 23
  4. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 50
  5. Khalidi, 1992, p. 220
  6. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 151. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 219.
  7. Guérin, 1869, p. 98
  8. Socin, 1879, p. 157
  9. Hartmann, 1883, p. 140 noted 25 houses
  10. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 408
  11. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jaffa, p. 21
  12. Mills, 1932, p. 21
  13. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 93
  14. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 143
  15. Morris, 2004, p. 436
  16. Morris, 2004, p. 437, note #133 p. 457
  17. Morris, 2004, p. 443, note #181 p. 459
  18. Morris, 2004, p. 443, note #183 p. 459
  19. Morris, 2004, p. 443, note #186 p. 460

Bibliography
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