Kasla, Jerusalem

Kasla was a Palestinian village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on July 17, 1948 by the Harel Brigade of Operation Dani. It was located 17 km west of Jerusalem.

Kasla

كسلا
Etymology: from personal name[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Kasla, Jerusalem (click the buttons)
Kasla
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 31°46′52″N 35°03′04″E
Palestine grid154/132
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictJerusalem
Date of depopulationJuly 17–18, 1948[2]
Area
 • Total8,004 dunams (8.004 km2 or 3.090 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total280[4][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesRamat Raziel,[5] Ksalon[5]

History

The village was ancient, with antique remains incorporated into houses.[6] The Canaanites, Israelites and Romans referred to Kasla as the city of Chesalon.[7] Kasla has several khirbas including a shrine for a local sage known as al-Shaykh Ahmad.[5]

Ottoman era

Kasla was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of Kisli, or Kisla, as being in the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 11 household;[8] an estimated 61 persons,[7] who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, fruit trees, sesame, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 1,280 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf.[8]

In 1838, Kesla was noted as a Muslim village in the el-Arkub district, southwest of Jerusalem.[9][10]

In 1863 Victor Guérin described it a being situated on a ridge,[11] while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed Kesla with a population of 83, in 29 houses, though the population count included men only. It was also noted that to was located 3 1/2 to 4 hours west of Jerusalem.[12][13]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Kesla as "a small stone village in a conspicuous position on the top of a rugged ridge, with a deep valley to the north. There is a spring to the east, and two more in a valley to the south. This is the site of Chesalon."[14]

In 1896 the population of Kesla was estimated to be about 207 persons.[15]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kasala had a population of 233 Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 299 Muslims, in 72 houses.[17]

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 280 Muslims,[4] while the total land area was 8,004 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 440 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,265 for cereals,[18] while 10 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[19]

  • Kasla 1943 1:20,000 (below centre)
  • Kasla 1945 1:250,000
  • Kasla May 10 1948 (lower right quadrant)

1948, and aftermath

Kasla, along with four other villages, were overtaken by the Israeli Harel Brigade on 17–18 July 1948 in Operation Dani. The villages had been on the front line since April 1948 and most of the inhabitants of these villages had already left the area. Many of those who stayed fled when Israeli forces attacked and the few who remained at each village were expelled.[20]

In 1992 the village site was described: "Wild grass covers the entire site and grows amid the rubble of the stone houses, which is difficult to distinguish from the rubble of ruined terraces. Almond trees grow on top of the mountain and cactuses grow along the site’s southern slopes. Northeast of the village, two carob trees are surrounded by the remains of a vineyards. On the slopes, thick wild grass grows on several terraces, which are still intact."[5]

gollark: It's a joke.
gollark: Oh, yes, people are TERRIBLE at uncertainty.
gollark: In true anarchocapitalism, children would be auctioned to the highest bidder at birth, who obviously is the most suitable person to raise them.
gollark: Humans also have bizarre social status things going on.
gollark: Some of them can probably also be argued as making more sense back when humans are evolving but are really dumb now.

References
  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 298
  2. Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #338. Also gives cause of depopulation.
  3. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
  4. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  5. Khalidi, 1992, p. 299
  6. Dauphin, 1998, p. 903
  7. Khalidi, 1992, p. 298
  8. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 155
  9. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, p. 364
  10. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 126
  11. Guérin, 1869, p. 11
  12. Socin, 1879, p. 156
  13. Hartmann, 1883, p. 145, also noted 29 houses
  14. Conder and Kitchener, 1883, pp. 25-26
  15. Schick, 1896, p. 123
  16. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
  17. Mills, 1932, p. 41
  18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
  20. Morris, 2004, p. 436

Bibliography
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