Military equipment of Israel

The military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, planes, helicopters, and warships. Many of these are purchased overseas and many are indigenous designs. Until the Six-Day War of 1967, the Israel Defense Forces' principal supplier was France; since then, it has been the United States government and defense companies. In the early 21st century, Israeli companies such as Soltam Systems began selling arms to the United States.[1] Much of the military equipment undergoes improvements in Israeli workshops. In addition to weapons purchased overseas and indigenous products, Israel also operates and maintains large stockpiles of Soviet-made equipment captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict.[2]

Current equipment and weapons of the Israel Defense Forces, 2017

History

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the military equipment in the IDF was very diverse and inconsistent. This was due to the severe limitation in obtaining war materiel (the British Mandate and the Arab embargo). During the 1950s, the IDF began the process of standardization, relying primarily on French military equipment.

During the Six-Day War, the military cooperation with France ceased (the French Weapons Embargo of 1967) and Israel began to rely on American weaponry and on local research and development. During the 1980s and 1990s, the IDF increased its supplies of American arms, armor and aircraft, aiming for technological superiority over Arab countries, toward "a smaller, smarter army".

The reliance on locally manufactured military equipment has also greatly increased. Today, the overwhelming majority of Israel's military equipment is either manufactured in the United States (and often modified in Israeli workshops), or is developed and manufactured locally, with an increasing emphasis on advanced technology, including aerospace and electronics.

Local military development

Some of the military equipment developed locally have been:

Ground forces equipment

Small arms

Name Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
Pistols
Jericho 941[4]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm IsraelUsed by IDF and IDF Special Forces
Glock 17[5]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm AustriaUsed by IDF Special Forces
Glock 19[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm AustriaUsed by IDF Special Forces
Browning Hi-Power[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Belgium
SIG Sauer P226[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum  SwitzerlandUsed by IDF Special Forces.
Beretta M1951[4]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Italy
Heckler & Koch P11[4]Underwater pistol7.62×36mm Germany
Submachine guns
IMI Uzi[7]Submachine gun9×19mm IsraelUzi, Mini-Uzi, Micro-Uzi, and Uzi-Pro used.
Ingram MAC-10[4]Submachine gun9×19mm United States
IWI X95[4]Submachine gun and bullpup assault rifle9×19mm variant Israel9x19mm suppressed variant used by IDF Special Forces
Semi-automatic rifle
Suppressed Ruger 10/22[6][8]
Semi-automatic rifle.22 LR United StatesAdopted for non-lethal crowd control.
Assault rifles
Tavor X95 (Micro-Tavor Dor Gimel)Bullpup assault rifle / carbine / service rifle5.56x45mm IsraelImproved version of the X95 with longer barrel.
IWI X95 (Micro-Tavor)[4]Bullpup Assault rifle / carbine5.56x45mm IsraelCompact version of the TAR-21. Standard Issue rifle since 2009 replacing the TAR-21.
IWI Tavor TAR-21[4]Assault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelCut from service as of 2009 and replaced by the X95.
M4A1 Carbine[4]Carbine / assault rifle / service rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with M16, CAR-15, and X95 and used by Special Forces
M16A1[9]Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with the M4, CAR-15, M16A2 and X95. Most of the long-barreled rifles were modified to have short barrel and a telescoping stock, the rest are reserved for basic training and ceremonial issues
M16A2Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with the M4, CAR-15, M16A1 and X95. Most of the M16A2 is firing automatic, some to custom for DMR and rest are ceremonial issues.
CAR-15[6]Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with M4, M16A1, and X95
IMI Galil[4][7]Assault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelUsed in limited numbers. Variants used are Galil AR and Galil SAR. Most Galil's have been replaced by the improved (Galil) IWI ACE.
IMI Micro GalilAssault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelUsed in limited numbers. Highly compact version of the Galil. Most Galil's have been replaced by the improved (Galil) IWI ACE.
AKM[4][7][10]Assault rifle7.62×39mm Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and was used by Special Forces due to their high reliability.
AK-47[4][7][10]Assault rifle7.62×39mm Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and was used by Special Forces due to their high reliability.
Battle rifles
M14[4]Battle rifle7.62×51mm United StatesUsed in limited numbers by the IDF.
Light machine gun
IMI Negev[4]Light machine gun5.56×45mm IsraelCapable of firing semi-automatic or full-auto. The 5.56 variant features a unique dual feed system, it can accept 30 round STANAG magazines and an assault-box belt.
FN MinimiLight machine gun5.56×45mm NATO BelgiumLimited use in 1990–1997, replaced by Negev.
Medium machine gun
M1919 BrowningMedium machine gun.30-06 Springfield United States
General-purpose machine guns
FN MAG[11]General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm BelgiumFormer Standard Issue to IDF Since 1960s to 1990s as a Main Machine Gun.
Negev NG7General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm IsraelCapable of semi-automatic or full-automatic fire.
PKM[6]General-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and used by Special Forces.
M60General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO United StatesLimited use.
Heavy machine guns
Browning M2 (Makach 0.5)[4]Heavy machine gun12.7×99mm United StatesUpgraded to M2HB-QCB
Shotguns
Remington 870[6]Shotgun12 Gauge United States
Mossberg 500Shotgun12 Gauge United States
Armsel StrikerRevolving Shotgun12 Gauge South AfricaUsed for riot control
Designated marksman rifles
M4A1 Kala Sa'arDesignated marksman rifle5.56×45mm United StatesAccurized M4A1, used by "kala sa'ar" marksmen.
M16A2-E3[6]Designated marksman rifle5.56×45mm United StatesAccurized M16A2, disbanded.
SR-25[6]Designated marksman rifle / sniper rifle7.62×51mm United StatesUsed by IDF Special Forces. Also employed as a sniper rifle.
IMI Galatz Designated marksman rifle7.62×51mm IsraelSniper variant of the Galil. Disbanded.
M89SR[6]Designated marksman rifle7.62×51mm IsraelBullpup accurized M14. Disbanded.
Tavor X-95L "Micro-Tavor Kala'im"Designated marksman rifle5.56×45mm IsraelAccurized Micro-Tavor X95 with longer barrel, used by "kala sa'ar" marksmen.
Sniper rifles
M24 SWS[6]Sniper rifle7.62×51mm United StatesStandard-issued sniper rifle, achieves accuracy of 0.5 MOA with IMI ammo.
Mauser 86SR[6]Sniper rifle7.62×51mm GermanyUsed for counter-terrorism operations.
Barak (HTR 2000)Long-range sniper rifle.338 Lapua Magnum United StatesAn IDF modified H-S Precision Pro Series 2000 HTR rifle
Barrett M82A1Anti-materiel rifle12.7×99mm United StatesUsed mainly by the Combat Engineering Corps and IDF Special Forces
McMillan TAC-50Long range sniper rifle / anti-materiel rifle12.7×99mm United StatesUsed by IDF Special Forces.
Barrett MRADMulti-role sniper rifle7.62×51mm
.338 Lapua Magnum
 United StatesUsed by Special Forces and also by Israeli Police elite CT unit YAMAM.
Hand grenades
M26A2Fragmentation grenaden/a IsraelBased on the American M26 grenade
IDF M48Stun grenaden/a IsraelBased on the American M84 stun grenade

Rocket and grenade launchers

Name Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
B-300Shoulder-launched rocket82 mm Israel
ShiponShoulder-launched rocket83 mm Israel
M72 LAWShoulder-launched rocket66 mm United States
MATADORShoulder-launched rocket90 mm Israel
 Singapore
M79[4]Stand-alone grenade launcher40 mm United StatesOut of service
M203[4]Under-barrel grenade launcher40 mm United StatesUsually mounted under an M16, M4, CAR-15, or X95. Mounted on X95's with longer barrels and large trigger guard instead of the standard pistol grip guard.
Mk 19[4]Automatic grenade launcher40 mm United States
Mk 47 StrikerAutomatic grenade launcher40 mm United States

Missiles

Name Image Type Origin Notes
SpikeAnti-tank missile Israel
BGM-71 TOWAnti-tank missile United States
LAHATAnti-tank missile Israel
MAPATSAnti-tank missile Israel
NimrodLong-range anti-tank missile Israel
M47 DragonAnti-tank missile United StatesOut of service

Vehicles

Name Image Type Number in service[12][13] Origin Notes
Main battle tanks
Merkava Mark IVMain battle tank330 active[12]
220 in storage[12]
 Israel
Merkava Mark IIIMain battle tank160 active[12]
570 in storage[12]
 Israel
Merkava Mark IIMain battle tank370 in storage[12] Israel
Guided missile carrier
PerehGuided missile carrier United States
 Israel
Tank destroyer, retired from service in 2017
Armoured personnel carriers
M113Armored personnel carrier500 active[12]
5,000 in storage[12]
 United States
 Israel
Was used until the Battle of Shuja'iyya incident
IDF AchzaritHeavy armored personnel carrier215 IsraelBased on the T-54 tank
NagmachonHeavy armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NakpadonHeavy armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NakpumaHeavy combat engineering / armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NamerHeavy armored personnel carrier120 Israel531 planned to be in service by 2027. Based on the Merkava chassis.
Utility vehicles
WolfArmored vehicle300 Israel
AIL StormUtility vehicle700 Israel
HMMWVUtility vehicle2,000+ United States
MDT DavidUtility vehicle400 United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Land Rover Defender
Plasan Sand CatUtility Vehicle79 Israel
Otokar AkrepArmored Vehicle30 Turkey[14]
Trucks
AIL Abir4×4 truckN/A Israel
M358×12 truckN/A United States
Unimog 437Heavy truckN/A Germany
HEMTT8×8 heavy truckN/A United States
Engineering vehicles
PumaHeavy combat engineering vehicleN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion Tank
Namer CEVHeavy combat engineering vehicleN/A IsraelBased on the Merkava Tank
IDF Caterpillar D9Combat armored bulldozer175+ United States
 Israel
Bulldozer manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
IDF Caterpillar ExcavatorsArmored tracked excavatorN/A United States
 Israel
Excavators manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
IDF Caterpillar 966 Wheeled LoaderArmored wheeled loaderN/A United States
 Israel
Loaders manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
M548 AlfaCargo and ammunition carrierN/A United States
 Israel
Based on the M113
M60 AVLBArmored bridge layer10 United States
NemmeraArmored Recovery VehicleN/A IsraelBased on the Merkava
M88Armored recovery vehicle25 United States
NagmapopCommand and surveillance vehicleN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
AIL Desert RaiderDune BuggyN/A Israel
VIPeRUnmanned Ground VehicleN/A Israel
GuardiumUnmanned ground vehicleN/A Israel
Dawn Thunder / Black ThunderUnmanned Armored BulldozerN/A United States
 Israel
Based on the IDF Caterpillar D9N[15]

Artillery

Name Image Type Number in service[13] Origin Notes
M109 Doher155 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer600 United States
 Israel
Upgraded as the M109 Doher. Based on the M109A5. Replacement program initiated,[16] candidates include ATMOS 2000 and the Artillery Gun Module.[17] Used in limited numbers
Soltam M-71155 mm towed howitzer300 Israel
Soltam M-68155 mm self-propelled howitzer50 IsraelIn reserve
PerehGuided missile carrier / tank destroyerN/A IsraelDeclassified June 2015, to be retired by the end of 2017.
M270 "Menatetz"Multiple rocket launcher48 United States
 Israel
Armed with several types of Israeli rockets: RAMAM, Ra'am Eithan (Strong Thunder) and Romach ("Lance", a guided rocket).
Cardom SP120 mm self-propelled mortar64 Israel
Soltam M-65120 mm mortar250 Israel
M113 TamuzMissile launching vehicleN/A IsraelSpike Missiles launched from an M113 chassis[18]
LAR-160160 mm artillery rocket Israel
RomachM270 MLRS Menatetz GPS-guided artillery rocket Israel
Extended Range Artillery Rocket (EXTRA)Long-range artillery rocket Israel150 km range[19]
LORABallistic missile Israel

Air defense

Name Image Type Number in service[13] Origin Notes
FIM-43 RedeyeShoulder-launched surface-to-air missileN/A United StatesOut of service
FIM-92 StingerShoulder-launched surface-to-air missile500 United States
ZSU-23-4Air defense vehicle60[20] Soviet Union
Captured from the Arab–Israeli conflict and out of service
Bofors L/7040 mm Anti-aircraft gunN/A SwedenOut of service
ZU-23-223 mm Anti-aircraft gunN/A Soviet UnionCaptured from the Arab–Israeli conflict and out of service
TCM-2020 mm Anti-aircraft gunN/A France
  Switzerland
 Israel
Out of service
MIM-23 Hawk Surface-to-air missile N/A  United States Out of service
MIM-104 Patriot
Surface-to-air missile N/A  United States was upgraded to the GM+ "Yahalom" standard
Iron Dome Air Defense Missile Battery / Anti-Rockets Missile 9+  Israel Intercepted hundreds of artillery records since declared operational in 2011.
David's Sling
Medium- to long-range ABM/SAM N/A  Israel Medium- to long-range ABM with SAM capability
Arrow (Israeli missile)
Anti-ballistic missile N/A  Israel Out of the atmosphere Anti-ballistic missile missile series

Air forces equipment

Note there are multiple sources and these provide different figures:
Aircraft Origin Type Versions
In Service
By INSS By FlightGlobal By IISS
Fighter aircraft
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II United Statesstealth multirole fighterF-35I "Adir"950 order75 total.[21]
Boeing F-15 Eagle United Statesair superiority fighterF-15A "Baz" 52[22] 42[23]16[24]
F-15C "Baz"17[24]
F-15B "Baz" 16[23]6[24]
F-15D "Baz"11[24]
Boeing F-15E Strike Eagle United Statesstrike fighterF-15I "Ra'am"25[22]25[23]25[24]
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon United Statesmultirole fighterF-16A "Netz" 107[22] 63[23][25]77[24]
F-16B "Netz"16[24]
F-16C "Barak" 136[22]77[23][25]78[24]
F-16D "Barak"49[23][25]49[24]
F-16I "Sufa"100[22]99[23]99[24]
Trainer aircraft
Grob G-120 Germanytrainer aircraftG-120AI "Snunit"27[22]17[23]17[24]
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II United Statestrainer aircraftT-6A "Efroni"19[22]20[23]20[24]
McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk United Statesground attack / trainerA-4N, TA-4H/J "Ayit"20[22]20[26]46[24]
Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master Italytransonic jet trainerM-346 "Lavi"2 (30)[27]
Transport / Aerial refueling / Aerial firefighting / Utility / Signals intelligence / Maritime patrol / Airborne early warning (AEW)
Air Tractor AT-802 United Statesaerial firefightingAT-802F8[22]7[23]3[24]
Beechcraft Bonanza United StatesutilityA-36 "Khofit"22[22]22[24]
Beechcraft Super King Air (C-12 Huron) United Statesutility / transport / trainerB-200/T/CT "Tzofit" 29[22] 29[23]22[24]
EW / ELINT / SIGINTRC-12D/K "Kookiya"6[24]
IAI SeaScan Israelmaritime patrol1124N "Shahaf"3[22]3[23]3[24]
Gulfstream G550 United StatesSEMAG500 "Nahshon-Shavit"3[22]3[23]3[24]
CAEWG550 "Nahshon-Eitam"2[22]2[23]2[24]
Lockheed C-130 Hercules United Statestactical transportC-130E "Qarnaf" 12[22] 12[23]5[24]
C-130H "Qarnaf"6[24]
aerial refuelingKC-130H "Qarnaf"3[22]4[23]4[24]
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules United Statestactical transportC-130J "Shimshon"-1 (4)[28]-
Boeing 707 United Statesheavy transport / EW707 "Re'em"8[22]1[23]3[24]
aerial refuelingKC-707 "Saknai"5[22]8[23]7[24]
Helicopters
Bell AH-1 Cobra United Statesattack helicopterAH-1"Tzefa"33[22]49[23]47[24]
Eurocopter Panther Francemaritime patrolAS-565SA "Atalef"5[22]6[23]7[24]
Boeing AH-64 Apache United Statesattack helicopterAH-64A "Peten"30[22]26[29]27[24]
AH-64D "Saraph"17[22]22[29]17[24]
Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion United Statesheavy transportCH-53 "Yas'ur 2000" 37[22]18[30] 26[24]
CH-53 "Yas'ur 2025"5[30]
Sikorsky S-70 (UH-60 Black Hawk) United Statestactical transportS-70A / UH-60A/L "Yanshuf"49[22]48[23]49[24]
Bell 206 (OH-58 Kiowa) United Stateslight transport / trainer206B "Saifan"18[23]6[24]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Weaponry

Below are the IDF's active service watercraft. The year of service, speed, full load displacement, and crew members, are in parentheses.

Missile boats

  • Sa'ar 4 class missile boat (1970s; 32 kt; 450 tons; 45 crew members)
  • Sa'ar 4.5 class missile boat (1980s; 31 kt; 488 tons; 53 crew members)

Corvettes

Patrol boats

  • Dabur (1970s; 19 kt; 39 tons; 9 crew members)
  • Shaldag (1989; ?; 50 kt; 15 crew members)
  • Super Dvora Mk II (1996; 46 kt; 54 tons; 10 crew members)
  • Nachshol (1997; 40 kt; 12 tons; 5 crew members)
  • Super Dvora Mk III (2004; 47 kt; 54 tons; 10 crew members)

Support ships

  • INS Bat Yam
  • INS Bat Galim

Unmanned naval vehicles

Submarines

  • Dolphin (1992; 11 kt, 20 kt underwater; 1,640 tons, 1,900 tons underwater; 30 crew members)

Commando boats

  • Dolphin type underwater craft
  • Maiale type underwater craft
  • Snunit boat
  • Zaharon boat
  • Moulit boat
  • Morena rigid-hull inflatable boat

Remote weapon systems

Space systems

  • AMOS communications satellite
  • EROS earth observation satellite
  • Ofeq reconnaissance satellite
  • TecSAR reconnaissance satellite
  • Shavit space launch vehicle
gollark: It's some sort of horrible protocol which works via XML over HTTP over UDP somehow.
gollark: I assume it's basically a dumb video output which gets software rendered pixels pushed to it.
gollark: Given the existence of HTTPS, they can't really do much on devices which aren't under their direct control. Yay progress/cryptography!
gollark: My school has ridiculously intrusive monitoring (seemingly including a keylogger) on the school-owned computer hardware, and for phones and stuff just route traffic through the mostly ineffective filtering proxy thing.
gollark: You can just... buy the components in it, for I think $2000 or so.

See also

References

  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2010-08-26.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Matthew M. Aid (10 September 2013). "Exclusive: Does Israel Have Chemical Weapons Too?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Its sensitivities were galvanized by the capture of large quantities of Soviet CW-related equipment during both the 1967 Arab-Israeli and the 1973 Yom Kippur wars.
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. Jones, Richard (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009–2010. Jane's Information Group. pp. 36, 380, 897. ISBN 0-7106-2869-2.
  5. Valpolini, Paolo (June 2009). "There are Two Types of Men in this World..." (PDF). Armada International (Online). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-14. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  6. "Israeli Special Forces Weapons Guide". Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  7. Katz, Sam (1986). Israeli Defence Forces since 1973. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22, 56, 49. ISBN 0-85045-687-8.
  8. "Ruger 10/22 Suppressed Sniper Rifle Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine" at ruger1022.com
  9. John Pike (2003-12-17). "Israel's army phases out country's iconic Uzi submachine gun". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  10. Sweeney, Patrick (2005). The Gun Digest Book of the AR-15. Gun Digest Books. p. 131. ISBN 0-87349-947-6.
  11. Katz, Sam (1988). Israeli Elite Units since 1948. Osprey Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 0-85045-837-4.
  12. IISS 2020, p. 356.
  13. "The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel, 2010, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2015-08-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) September 20, 2010.
  14. "Israel", Studies (PDF), The Institute for National Security, November 20, 2014, archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2015.
  15. Page, Lewis (31 March 2009). "Israelis' invulnerable, 60-tonne robot bulldozer force to double". The Register. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  16. BARBARA OPALL-ROME. "Gun Makers Gear Up for $1B Israeli Contest" DefenseNews, October 19, 2013. Accessed: 20 October 2013.
  17. Israel Army wants to replace old 155 mm howitzer M109 with Soltam or AGM artillery system Archived 2015-07-26 at the Wayback Machine – Armyrecognition.com, 30 October 2013
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-02. Retrieved 2011-08-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-08-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. "Jane's". IHS (Global) Limited. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  21. "Three more F-35 fighter jets touch down in Israel". The times of israel. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2017-05-13.
  22. "Israel", Studies (PDF), The Institute for National Security, May 8, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2012.
  23. "World Air Forces 2014". Flight International. Flight global. December 5, 2013. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  24. The Military Balance 2014, International Institute for Strategic Studies, February 5, 2014, p. 326.
  25. "MiliCAS". Flight International (database). Flight global. July 27, 2012. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012. Shows the Israeli air force has an active fleet of 325 F-16s, including 126 General Electric F110-100-powered C/D examples.
  26. Arie Egozi (March 12, 2012). "Israel's M-346 selection fires up TOR joint venture". Flight International. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  27. "Israel receives first two Lavi trainers - 7/9/2014 - Flight Global". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
  28. "Israel welcomes arrival of first C-130J transport - 4/9/2014 - Flight Global". Archived from the original on 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
  29. "Israeli Apache upgrade adds avionics pod". October 8, 2013. Archived from the original on October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  30. "Israel acquires surplus CH-53 helicopters for spares". January 25, 2013. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.

Sources

  • IISS (2020). The Military Balance 2020. Routledge. ISBN 978-0367466398.
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