EL/M-2075

The IAI EL/M-2075 Phalcon is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) active electronically scanned array radar system developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Elta Electronics Industries of Israel. Its primary objective is to provide intelligence to maintain air superiority and conduct surveillance. It was surpassed by newer versions—the EL/W-2085 and the EL/W-2090.

EL/M-2075 Phalcon
A Chilean Air Force Phalcon
Country of originIsrael
IntroducedMay 1994
Typesolid-state L-band conformal array radar

Design and features

The EL/M-2075 is a solid-state L-band conformal array radar system for use on a Boeing 707 and other aircraft. Phalcon, as the complete AEW mission suite is referred to, is intended for airborne early warning, tactical surveillance of airborne and surface targets and intelligence gathering. It also integrates the command and control capabilities needed to employ this information. The system uses six panels of phased-array elements: two on each side of the fuselage, one in an enlarged nosecone and one under the tail. Each array consists of 768 liquid-cooled, solid-state transmitting and receiving elements, each of which is weighted in phase and amplitude. These elements are driven by individual modules and every eight modules are connected to a transmit/receive group. Groups of 16 of these eight module batches are linked back to what is described as a prereceive/transmit unit, and a central six-way control is used to switch the pre-transmit/receive units of the different arrays on a time division basis. As used in its Chilean Boeing 707-based application, the lateral fairings measured approximately 12 × 2 m and were mounted on floating beds to prevent airframe flexing degrading the radar accuracy. Each array scans a given azimuth sector, providing a total coverage of 360°. Scanning is carried out electronically in both azimuth and elevation. Radar modes include high PRF search and full track, track-while-scan, a slow scan detection mode for hovering and low-speed helicopters (using rotor blade returns) and a low PRF ship detection mode.[1]

Instead of using a rotodome, a moving radar found on some AEW&C aircraft, the Phalcon uses the Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), an active phased array radar. This radar consists of an array of transmit/receive (T/R) modules that allow a beam to be electronically steered, making a physically rotating rotodome unnecessary. AESA radars operate on a pseudorandom set of frequencies and also have very short scanning rates, which makes them difficult to detect and jam. Up to 100 targets can be tracked simultaneously to a range of 200 nmi (370 km), while at the same time, over a dozen air-to-air interception or air-to-ground attack can be guided. The radar can be mounted on the an aircraft's fuselage or on the top inside a small dome. Either position gives the radar 360 degree coverage. The phased array radar allows positions of aircraft on operator screens to be updated every 2–4 seconds, rather than every 20–40 seconds as is the case on the rotodome AWACS.[2]

Platforms

The system can be fitted to a number of aircraft, including the Boeing 707, Boeing 767 and Boeing 747 series aircraft. Under a contract signed with Chile in 1989, the first Phalcon system to be installed was fitted to a former LanChile Boeing 707, and was first flown in 1993. In May 1994 the aircraft was delivered to the Chilean Air Force, where it is known as the Condor.

A development system mounted on a Boeing 707

Operational history

The Israeli Air Force installed the Phalcon system on Boeing 707 aircraft, which replaced its E-2Cs which were retired in mid-1990s.

Operators

Current operators
gollark: And with neural networks, you don't actually know *how* the network does its job, just that you feed in pixels and somehow get classification data out.
gollark: There is still not, as far as I know, an approach to detect what an object is other than just training neural networks on the task.
gollark: It's simple to say, for example, "the program should detect if something is a bird", but incredibly hard to actually explain how to detect birds.
gollark: Yes. A lot of the time something can be simple to *vaguely describe* but really hard to describe precisely enough for you to actually program it.
gollark: ... because it is a complicated thing.

References
  1. Janes Avionics http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jav/jav_0468.html
  3. International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (14 February 2019). "The Military Balance 2019". The Military Balance. 119.
  4. "Boeing 707 Phalcon". Spy Flight. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
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