Michele Bachmann

Michele Marie Bachmann (/ˈbɑːkmən/;[1] née Amble; born April 6, 1956)[2] is an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. She represented Minnesota's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2015. The district includes St. Cloud and several of the northern suburbs of the Twin Cities.

Michele Bachmann
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's 6th district
In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2015
Preceded by	Mark Kennedy
Succeeded by	Tom Emmer
Member of the Minnesota Senate from the 52nd district
In office January 7, 2003 – January 2, 2007
Preceded by	Satveer Chaudhary
Succeeded by	Ray Vandeveer
Member of the Minnesota Senate from the 56th district
In office January 3, 2001 – January 7, 2003
Preceded by	Gary Laidig
Succeeded by	Brian LeClair
Personal details
Born	Michele Marie Amble (1956-04-06) April 6, 1956 Waterloo, Iowa, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Other political affiliations	Democratic (before 1978)
Spouse(s)	Marcus Bachmann ( m. 1978)
Children	5
Education	Winona State University (BA) Oral Roberts University (JD) College of William and Mary (LLM)
This article is part of a series about Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign Electoral history

Bachmann was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election,[3] winning the Ames Straw Poll in August 2011 but dropping out in January 2012 after finishing in sixth place in the Iowa caucuses. She previously served in the Minnesota Senate and is the first Republican woman to represent Minnesota in Congress.[4] She is a supporter of the Tea Party movement[5] and a founder of the House Tea Party Caucus.[6]

Early life, education, and early career

Bachmann was born Michele Marie Amble in Waterloo, Iowa, to Norwegian-American[7] parents David John Amble (1929–2003) and Arlene Jean Amble (née Johnson) (born c. 1932).[8] Two of her great-great-great-grandparents, Melchior and Martha Munson, emigrated from Sogndal, Norway, to Wisconsin in 1857.[9] David was an engineer. Her family moved from Iowa to Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, when she was 13 years old.[10] After her parents divorced when she was 14, David moved to California and remarried. Bachmann was raised by her mother, who worked at the First National Bank in Anoka, Minnesota,[10][11][12] where they moved again. Three years later her mother married widower Raymond J. LaFave; the new marriage resulted in a family with nine children.[13][14]

Bachmann graduated from Anoka High School in 1974 and, after graduation, spent one summer working at kibbutz Be'eri in Israel.[15] In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A.[16]

In 1979, Bachmann was a member of the first class of the O. W. Coburn School of Law, then a part of Oral Roberts University (ORU).[13] There she studied with John Eidsmoe, whom she described in 2011 as "one of the professors who had a great influence on me".[17][18] Bachmann worked as a research assistant on Eidsmoe's 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution, which argues that the United States was founded as a Christian theocracy and should become one again.[13][17][18] In 1986, Bachmann received a J.D. degree from Oral Roberts University.[16] She was a member of the ORU law school's final graduating class, and was part of a group of faculty, staff, and students who moved the ORU law school library to what is now Regent University.[19]

In 1988, Bachmann received an LL.M. degree in tax law from William & Mary Law School.[20][21] From 1988 to 1993 she worked as an attorney for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).[22] She left the IRS to become a full-time mother[23] when her fourth child was born.[24]

Early political activism

Bachmann grew up in a Democratic family and has said she became a Republican during her senior year at Winona State. She told the Star Tribune that she was reading Gore Vidal's 1973 novel Burr: "He was kind of mocking the Founding Fathers and I just thought—I just remember reading the book, putting it in my lap, looking out the window and thinking, 'You know what? I don't think I am a Democrat. I must be a Republican.'"[10][25]

While still a Democrat, she and her then fiancé Marcus were inspired to join the pro-life movement by Francis Schaeffer's 1976 Christian documentary film How Should We Then Live?[26] They prayed outside of clinics and engaged in sidewalk counseling,[21] a pro-life protest activity in which activists approach women entering abortion clinics in an attempt to dissuade them from obtaining abortions.[27] Since then Bachmann has made statements supportive of sidewalk counseling.[28] Bachmann supported Jimmy Carter for president in 1976, and she and her husband worked on his campaign.[29] During Carter's presidency, Bachmann became disappointed with his liberal approach to public policy, support for legalized abortion and economic decisions she held responsible for increased gas prices. In the 1980 presidential election she voted for Ronald Reagan and worked for his campaign.[21][30]

Bachmann's political activism gained media attention at a pro-life protest in 1991. She and approximately 30 other pro-life citizens went to a Ramsey County Board meeting where $3 million was to be appropriated to build a morgue for the county at St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center (now Regions Hospital). The Medical Center performed abortions and employed pro-choice activist Jane Hodgson. Bachmann attended the meeting to protest public tax dollars going to the hospital; speaking to the Star Tribune, she said that "in effect, since 1973, I have been a landlord of an abortion clinic, and I don't like that distinction".[22][31]

In 1993 Bachmann and other parents started the K-12 New Heights Charter School in Stillwater. The publicly funded school's charter mandated that it be non-sectarian in all programs and practices, but the school soon developed a strong Christian orientation. Parents of students at the school complained and the superintendent of schools warned Bachmann that the school was in violation of state law. Six months after the school's founding Bachmann resigned and the Christian orientation was removed from the curriculum, allowing the school to keep its charter.[18][32][33] Bachmann began speaking against a state-mandated set of educational standards, which propelled her into the world of politics.[34]

Bachmann became a critic and opponent of Minnesota's School-to-Work policies. In a 1999 column she wrote, "School-to-Work alters the basic mission and purpose of K-12 academic education away from traditional broad-based academic studies geared toward maximizing intellectual achievement of the individual. Instead, School-to-Work utilizes the school day to promote children's acquisition of workplace skills, viewing children as trainees for increased economic productivity."[35]

In November 1999 Bachmann and four other Republicans were candidates, as the "Slate of Five", in an election for the school board of Stillwater. All five lost.[13]

Minnesota Senate

In 2000 Bachmann defeated 18-year incumbent Gary Laidig for the Republican nomination for state senator in Minnesota District 56. In the general election she defeated Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) nominee Ted Thompson and Minnesota Independence Party Lyno Sullivan. In 2002, after redistricting due to the 2000 Census, Bachmann defeated another incumbent, DFL State Senator Jane Krentz, in the newly drawn State Senate District 52. Bachmann's agenda as a state senator focused on opposition to abortion and gay marriage.[24]

Same-sex marriage constitutional amendment

On November 20, 2003, Bachmann and Representative Mary Liz Holberg proposed a constitutional amendment that would bar the state from legally recognizing same-sex marriage.[36] In 2004 Bachmann and a coalition of religious leaders announced plans for a "Minnesota for Marriage" rally.[37] Her effort to place a marriage amendment on a referendum ballot in 2004 failed. She resurrected the proposal in March 2005,[38] but it stalled indefinitely in a senate committee that April.[39]

Assistant Minority Leader

In November 2004 Republican Senate Minority Leader Dick Day appointed Bachmann Assistant Minority Leader in charge of policy of the Senate Republican Caucus.[40] In July 2005 the Republican Caucus removed her from her leadership position. Bachmann said that disagreements with Day over her anti-tax stance were the reason for her ouster.[41]

U.S. House of Representatives

From 2007 to 2015 Bachmann represented Minnesota's 6th congressional district, which includes the northernmost and eastern suburbs of the Twin Cities and St. Cloud. She is the first Republican woman to be elected to the U.S. House from Minnesota.[42]

110th Congress

Foreign affairs

In January 2007 a resolution was approved in the House of Representatives opposing President George W. Bush's plan to increase troop levels in Iraq. Bachmann voted "No". But before supporting the proposed surge, Bachmann called for a full hearing, saying, "The American people deserve to hear and understand the merits of increasing U.S. troop presence in Iraq. Increased troop presence is justifiable if that measure would bring a swift conclusion to a difficult conflict."[43] She hesitated to give a firm endorsement, calling the hearings "a good first step in explaining to the American people the course toward victory in Iraq".[44] When pressed, she said she had not come to any conclusion on the matter,[44] saying, "I don't believe we have all of the information in front of us. As a member of Congress that's why I want to go to Iraq as quickly as I can. I want to get the best information in front of me."[45]

Member of Congressional delegation

In July 2007 Bachmann joined a Congressional delegation visiting Ireland, Germany, Pakistan, Kuwait, and Iraq. She met briefly (due to security concerns) with U.S. personnel in the Green Zone and upon her return said she "was encouraged by reports of progress from Crocker, General David Petraeus and other personnel in Iraq linked to the surge".[46] She said the surge "hasn't had a chance to be in place long enough to offer a critique of how it's working. [Petraeus] said al-Qaida in Iraq is off its plan and we want to keep it that way. The surge has only been fully in place for a week or so."[46]

Bachmann also spoke of the delegation's visit to Islamabad to meet Pakistani Prime Minister Aziz at the same time as the siege of Islamic fundamentalists at the Lal Masjid mosque elsewhere in the city.[46] She reported, "The group [of U.S. Legislators] had to travel in armored vehicles and was constantly accompanied by Pakistani military ... We were all able to see extremely up close and personal what it's like to be in a region where fighting is occurring. We constantly felt like we were in need of security."[46] Bachmann told reporters upon her return that "the dangers posed by Islamic terrorism in Iraq, Britain and Pakistan justified the continued American military presence in Iraq."[46] She said, "We don't want to see al-Qaida get a presence in the United States. Al-Qaida doesn't seem to show any signs of letting up. We have to keep that in mind."[46]

Higher education

On July 11, 2007, Bachmann voted against the College Cost Reduction and Access Act that raised the maximum Pell grant from $4,310 to $5,200, lower interest rates on subsidized student loans to 3.4 percent from 6.8 percent, raise loan limits to $30,500 from $7,500, disfavor married students who file joint tax returns, provide more favorable repayment terms to students who fail to use their education to prosper financially[47] and favor public sector over private sector workers with much more favorable loan forgiveness benefits.[48] Supporters of the bill said "it would allow more students to attend college".[49] Bachmann said her opposition was because "it fails students and taxpayers with gimmicks, hidden costs and poorly targeted aid. It contains no serious reform of existing programs, and it favors the costly, government-run direct lending program over nonprofit and commercial lenders."[49] The bill passed the House[49] and was signed by President Bush.[50]

Energy and environment

During the summer of 2008, as national gasoline prices rose to over $4 a gallon, Bachmann became a leading Congressional advocate for increased domestic oil and natural gas exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and the Outer Continental Shelf.[51] She joined ten other House Republicans and members of the media on a Congressional Energy Tour to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, and to Alaska. The trip was set up by Arctic Power, an Alaskan lobbying group that advocates for ANWR development. Its purpose was to receive a firsthand account of emerging renewable energy technologies and the prospects of increased domestic oil and natural gas production in Alaska, including ANWR.[52]

Bachmann has said that global warming is "all voodoo, nonsense, hokum, a hoax"[53] and has been called "one of the GOP's loudest global warming skeptics".[54] She has said that because life requires carbon dioxide and it is part of the planet's life cycle, it cannot be harmful. On the House floor on Earth Day, April 22, 2009, Bachmann said she opposed cap and trade climate legislation: "Carbon dioxide is not a harmful gas, it is a harmless gas. Carbon dioxide is natural; it is not harmful ... We're being told we have to reduce this natural substance to create an arbitrary reduction in something that is naturally occurring in the earth."[55]

In March 2008 Bachmann introduced H.R. 849, the Light Bulb Freedom of Choice Act. The bill would have repealed two sections of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 signed into law by George W. Bush. The 2007 Energy Act mandates energy efficiency and labeling standards for incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. Bachmann's bill would have required the Government Accountability Office to show that a change to fluorescent bulbs would have "clear economic, health and environmental benefits" before enforcing lighting efficiency regulations. The bill would have allowed these standards to remain in place if the comptroller general found they would lead to consumer savings, reduce carbon-dioxide emissions and pose no health risks to consumers (such as risks posed by the presence of mercury in fluorescent bulbs). The bill languished in the House and became inactive at the end of the 110th Congress. Bachmann reintroduced the bill in March 2011.[56][57][58]

Lawsuit reform

On June 3, 2008, President Bush signed the Credit and Debit Card Receipt Clarification Act (H.R. 4008) into law. The bipartisan bill, which Bachmann cosponsored with Congressman Tim Mahoney (D-Fla.), removes statutory damages for violations of a 2003 federal law prohibiting merchants from printing consumers' credit card numbers and expiration dates on sales receipts, in order to end class-action lawsuits aimed at businesses that violated the law.[59]

Financial sector

Bachmann opposed both versions of the Wall Street bailout bill for America's financial sector. She voted against the first proposed $700 billion bailout of financial institutions, which failed to pass, 205–228. She also advocated breaking up Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and barring executives from excessive compensation or golden parachutes, and advocated a plan that would suspend mark-to-market accounting rules and suspend the capital gains tax.[60]

Auto industry

The American auto companies approached Congress to ask for roughly $15 billion in loans to keep them operational into 2009. Bachmann criticized that bill, fearing that the initial sum of money would be followed by subsequent ones without the companies making changes to revive their business. Bachmann supported an alternative plan for American auto companies and the rest of the auto industry that would have set benchmarks for reducing their debt and renegotiating labor deals and have set up the financial assistance as interim insurance instead of a taxpayer-financed bailout.[61]

Call for a media exposé of Barack Obama and members of Congress

On October 17, 2008, Bachmann gave an interview on MSNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews in support of the presidential campaign of Senator John McCain that brought the Minnesota 6th Congressional District race national attention. During the interview she criticized Barack Obama for his association with Jeremiah Wright and Bill Ayers, saying, "usually we associate with people who have similar ideas to us, and it seems that it calls into question what Barack Obama's true beliefs, and values, and thoughts are ... I am very concerned that he [Obama] may have anti-American views." She noted the bombing campaign orchestrated by Bill Ayers before discussing his association with Obama, arguing that "Bill Ayers is not someone the average American wants to see their president have an association with."[62] Matthews followed up by asking "But he [Obama] is a Senator from the state of Illinois; he's one of the members of Congress you suspect of being anti-American. How many people in the Congress of the United States do you think are anti-American? You've already suspected Barack Obama; is he alone or are there others?" Bachmann answered, "What I would say is that the news media should do a penetrating exposé and take a look ... I wish they would ... I wish the American media would take a great look at the views of the people in Congress and find out are they pro-America, or anti-America. I think people would love to see an exposé like that."[63]

In response, the five Democratic members of Minnesota's congressional delegation—Tim Walz, Betty McCollum, Keith Ellison, Collin Peterson and Jim Oberstar—issued a joint statement questioning Bachmann's ability to "work in a bipartisan way to put the interests of our country first in this time of crisis".[64] Former Secretary of State Colin Powell[65][66] and former Minnesota Governor Arne Carlson[67] said her comments had influenced their decisions to endorse Obama for president.

Bachmann brought up the interview before business leaders and Republicans during a campaign stop in St. Cloud, Minnesota, on October 21, 2008. She said she never intended to question Obama's patriotism. "I made a misstatement. I said a comment that I would take back. I did not, nor do I, question Barack Obama's patriotism ... I did not say that Barack Obama is anti-American nor do I believe that Barack Obama is anti-American ... [But] I'm very concerned about Barack Obama's views. I don't believe that socialism is a good thing for America."[68] At a March 2010 fund-raiser for the Susan B. Anthony List, Bachmann said, "I said I had very serious concerns that Barack Obama had anti-American views—and now I look like Nostradamus".[69][70] In March 2011 she was asked on Meet the Press whether she still believed that Obama held un-American views. She responded, "I believe that the actions of this government have—have been emblematic of ones that have not been based on true American values." Pressed for clarification, she said, "I've already answered that question before. I said I had very serious concerns about the president's views."[71]

111th Congress

Further information: 111th United States Congress

Bachmann speaking in April 2010

Global currency

On March 26, 2009, following comments by China proposing adoption of a global reserve currency, Bachmann introduced a resolution calling for a Constitutional amendment to bar the dollar from being replaced by a foreign currency. Current law prohibits foreign currency from being recognized in the U.S., but Bachmann expressed concerns relating to the president's power to make and interpret treaties.[72] Earlier that month, at a Financial Services Committee hearing, Bachmann asked both Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke whether they would reject calls for the U.S. to move away from the U.S. dollar and they replied that they would.[73]

2010 Census

In a June 17, 2009, interview with The Washington Times, Bachmann expressed concern that the questions on the 2010 United States Census had become "very intricate, very personal" and that ACORN, a community organizing group that had come under fire the previous year, might be part of the Census Bureau's door-to-door information collection efforts. She said, "I know, for my family, the only question we will be answering is how many people are in our home. We won't be answering any information beyond that, because the Constitution doesn't require any information beyond that."[74] According to Politifact, her statement was incorrect, as the Constitution does require citizens to complete the census.[75] Fellow Republican Representatives Patrick McHenry (N.C.), Lynn Westmoreland (Ga.) and John Mica (Fla.), members of the Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Information Policy, Census and National Archives, which oversees the census, subsequently asked Bachmann not to boycott the population count.[76]

Along with Congressman Ted Poe (Tex.-02), Bachmann introduced the American Community Survey Act to limit the amount of personal information the U.S. Census Bureau solicits.[77] She reiterated her belief that the census asked too many personal questions.[78]

Cap and Trade legislation

In March 2009 Bachmann was interviewed by the Northern Alliance Radio Network and promoted two forums she was hosting the next month in St. Cloud and Woodbury about Obama's proposed cap-and-trade tax policy to limit greenhouse gas emissions. She said she wanted Minnesotans "armed and dangerous on this issue of the energy tax because we need to fight back." Bachmann's office quickly clarified that she was speaking metaphorically, meaning "armed with knowledge". According to the Star Tribune, her quote went viral across the Internet.[79][80]

AmeriCorps

In 2009 Bachmann became a critic of what she characterized as proposals for mandatory public service.[81] Of the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, an expansion to AmeriCorps (a federal community service organization), she said in April:

It's under the guise of—quote—volunteerism. But it's not volunteers at all. It's paying people to do work on behalf of government ... I believe that there is a very strong chance that we will see that young people will be put into mandatory service. And the real concerns is [sic] that there are provisions for what I would call re-education camps for young people, where young people have to go and get trained in a philosophy that the government puts forward and then they have to go to work in some of these politically correct forums.[82]

The original bill called for an exploration of whether a mandatory public service program could be established, but the section on creating a "Congressional Commission on Civic Service" was stripped from the bill.[83]

In August 2009 Bachmann's political opponents publicized in the local media and the blogosphere what they described as the "ironic" fact that her son, Harrison, joined Teach for America,[84][85] part of the AmeriCorps program.[86]

Health care

Bachmann contributed to the "death panel" controversy when she read from a July 24 article by Betsy McCaughey on the House floor. Sarah Palin said that her "death panel" remark was inspired by what she called the "Orwellian" opinions of Ezekiel Emanuel as described by Bachmann,[87][88][89][90][91][92] who accused him of advocating health care rationing by age and disability.[93] According to PolitiFact[94] and Time,[95] Bachmann's euthanasia remarks distorted Emanuel's position on health care for the elderly and disabled. FactCheck.org stated, "We agree that Emanuel's meaning is being twisted."[96] When many doctors wanted to legalize euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, Emanuel opposed it.[97]

On August 31, 2009, Bachmann spoke at an event in Colorado, saying of Democratic health care overhaul proposals that:

This cannot pass. What we have to do today is make a covenant, to slit our wrists, be blood brothers on this thing. This will not pass. We will do whatever it takes to make sure this doesn't pass.[98]

She outlined ideas for changing the health care system, including: "Erase the boundaries around every single state when it comes to health care", enabling consumers to purchase insurance across state lines; increase the use of health savings accounts and allow everyone to "take full deductibility of all medical expenses", including insurance premiums; and tort reform.[98]

Bachmann denounced the government-run health insurance public option, calling it a "government takeover of health care" that would "squeeze out private health insurance".[99]

Criticism of President Obama's visit to Asia

In a November 3, 2010, interview with Anderson Cooper, while discussing spending cuts for Medicare and Social Security suggested by Representative Paul Ryan, Bachmann was asked what spending cuts she would make to reduce the deficit. She cited President Obama's then-upcoming visit to Asia as an example, saying it "is expected to cost the taxpayers $200 million a day. He's taking two thousand people with him. He'll be renting out over 870 rooms in India. And these are 5-star hotel rooms at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel. This is the kind of over-the-top spending—it's a very small example, Anderson." Bachmann was apparently referring to information in a story from the Press Trust of India, attributed to "a top official of the Maharashtra Government privy to the arrangements for the high-profile visit", information that was also published in U.S.-based media such as The Drudge Report.[100] A Pentagon spokesman, Geoff Morrell, dismissed the report's claim that 34 warships were accompanying the President as "comical". The White House said that the press report figures were "wildly inflated" and had "no basis in reality".[101] While stating that they could not give the actual projected figures for security reasons, staffers maintained costs were in line with the official travel costs of previous presidents Bush and Clinton.[100]

112th Congress

Leadership run

Bachmann in February 2011

After the 2010 elections and Representative Mike Pence's announcement that he was stepping away from his leadership position in the House, Bachmann announced her intention to seek the position of House Republican Conference Chair. As Bachmann was the founder of the House's Tea Party Caucus, her announcement caused some to see the leadership election as "an early test of how GOP leaders will treat the antiestablishment movement's winners".[102] Many among the House's Republican leadership, including Eric Cantor and the retiring Pence, were quick to endorse Representative Jeb Hensarling for the position; Speaker-to-be John Boehner remained neutral on the issue.[103] Supporters of Bachmann's run included Representatives Steve King, John Kline, Louie Gohmert, Chip Cravaack, and Erik Paulsen, as well as media personality and political commentator Glenn Beck.[104] Listing her qualifications for the position, Bachmann noted, "I've done an effective job speaking out at a national and local level, motivating people with our message, calling attention to deficits in Obama's policy. I was instrumental in bringing tens of thousands of people to the U.S. capitol to rally against Obama care and to attend our press conference."[104] She noted her work to keep the Tea Party within the GOP rather than having it become a third party, thereby helping the party capture the House, saying, "I have been able to bring a voice and motivate people to, in effect, put that gavel in John Boehner's hands, so that Republicans can lead going forward. …It's important that leadership represents the choice of the people coming into our caucus….I think I have motivated a high number of people to get involved in this cycle who may have sat it out and that have made a difference on a number of these races. I gave a large amount of money to NRCC and individual candidates and started Michele PAC, which raised $650,000 for members since July, so I was able to financially help about 50 people out."[104]

Bachmann's bid suffered a setback when she was passed over for the GOP's transition team on which Hensarling was placed.[105] Despite Bachmann's leading all other Representatives in fundraising, a Republican aide said some "members are getting resentful of Bachmann, who they say is making the argument that you're not really a Tea Party supporter unless you support her. That's gone through the formation of the Tea Party Caucus and the formation of this candidacy of hers. It's just not so."[105] Sarah Palin, with whom Bachmann had campaigned earlier in the year, declined to endorse her leadership bid, while other Tea Party favorites, Representatives Adam Kinzinger and Tim Scott, were placed on the transition team.[105] According to some senior House staff members, the party leadership was concerned about some of Bachmann's high-profile faux pas, the high rate of turnover among her staff, and how willing she would be to advance the party's messaging rather than her own.[106]

On November 10 Bachmann released a statement ending her campaign for Conference Chair and giving Hensarling her "enthusiastic" support.[107]

Committee assignment

House Speaker John Boehner selected Bachmann for a position "on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, giving her a new role as overseer of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency and the rest of the U.S. intelligence community."[108] Bachmann, who had "not served on any committee that deals with foreign policy issues" requested the position,[108] "a move that has fueled speculation that she may be planning to carry the Tea Party banner into the GOP presidential primaries."[108]

Repeal of Dodd-Frank reform

Soon after beginning her third term, Bachmann introduced legislation to repeal the Dodd-Frank financial reform law. She said, "I'm pleased to offer a full repeal of the job-killing Dodd-Frank financial regulatory bill. Dodd-Frank grossly expanded the federal government beyond its jurisdictional boundaries. It gave Washington bureaucrats the power to interpret and enforce the legislation with little oversight. Real financial regulatory reform must deal with these lenders who were a leading cause of our economic recession. True reform must also end the bailout mind-set that was perpetuated by the last Congress." She also took issue with the law for not addressing the liabilities of the tax-payer funded Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.[109] Bachmann's bill was endorsed by conservative groups such as the Club for Growth and Americans for Prosperity. It gained four other Republican co-sponsors, including Representative Darrell Issa, who became the new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee at the start of the 112th Congress.[110] Bachmann's call for total repeal was seen as more drastic than the approach advocated by her fellow Republican Spencer Bachus, who became the House Financial Services Committee Chairman when Republicans gained the House majority. Bachus planned "to provide 'vigorous' oversight of regulators efforts to reform banking and housing ... reform Fannie and Freddie", and "dismantle pieces of [the] Dodd-Frank Act that he believes 'unnecessarily punish small businesses and community banks.'"[110] In response to Bachmann's legislation Representative Barney Frank said, "Michele Bachmann, the Club for Growth, and others in the right-wing coalition have now made their agenda for the financial sector very clear: they yearn to return to the thrilling days of yesteryear, so the loan arrangers can ride again—untrammeled by any rules restraining irresponsibility, excess, deception, and most of all, infinite leverage."[110] It was seen as unlikely that Bachmann's legislation would pass, with the Financial Times writing, "Like the Republican move to repeal healthcare reform, Ms. Bachmann's bill could be passed by the House of Representatives but be blocked by the Senate or White House."[111]

State of the Union response

Bachmann responded to Obama's 2011 State of the Union speech on the Tea Party Express website; her speech was broadcast live by CNN. She insisted that her response was not intended to counter Paul Ryan's official Republican party response. When asked whether the speech was an indication of competition with Ryan and Boehner's leadership team, Bachmann dismissed such a view as "a fiction of the media", saying she had alerted Ryan and the leadership team that her response might go national and that no objections were raised.[112]

Health care

Bachmann continually called for repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).[113] She recalled to reporters that she called for debate to repeal the act "the morning after Obamacare passed".[113] With Steve King she introduced "the Bachmann-King repeal of health care bill", saying that it "is our intent in our heart to make sure that Obamacare is completely repealed."[113] In light of the Democratic-majority Senate's and Obama's opposition to repeal, Bachmann called on the Republican held House of Representatives not to provide any funds for implementation of the act. "But until we can see that [repeal] happen, we want to fully defund this bill so that, like, it would be akin to a helium balloon that gets no helium inside so that it can't take off the ground, and that's what we're planning to do. I'm very, very grateful for nothing else; having a majority in the House of Representatives so that we have the ability of the power of the purse to not fund Obamacare, and this is exactly the right way to go", she said.[113]

On March 4, 2011, Bachmann, one of the six House Republicans to vote against the continuing resolution that gave a two-week extension until a possible government shutdown, expressed her unhappiness with its passage.[114]

In an appearance on Meet the Press on March 6 and during a March 7 interview with Sean Hannity, Bachmann declared that the Obama administration and Congressional Democrats had hidden $105 billion in spending in the overhaul of the American Health Care System. She portrayed the Democratic leadership as timing the release of the bill's text to avoid detection of the spending. "We didn't get the bill until a literally couple of hours before we were supposed to vote on it", she said.[115] She also said the spending was split up within different portions of the bill to mask its total cost. Bachmann was alerted of the situation by the conservative Heritage Foundation which read the tallies of the Congressional Research Service and Congressional Budget Office.

According to some reports of the costs, "about $40 billion would go to the Children's Health Insurance Program, $15 billion would go to Medicare and Medicaid innovation programs, and $9.5 billion would go to the Community Health Centers Fund."[115] As the funds are designated mandatory spending (not controlled by the annual appropriations acts), the funds would have remained even if the move to defund the reform law had succeeded.

Bachmann stated that $16 billion of the money gives Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius a "slush fund ... [to do] whatever she wants with this money."[115] She called on the bills supporters to return the money, "I think this deception that the president and [former House Speaker Nancy] Pelosi and [Senate Majority Leader Harry] Reid put forward with appropriating over $105 billion needs to be given back to the people."[116]

When asked during the Meet the Press interview if she would take back her previous comments that Obama "may have anti-American views" and that his administration had "embraced something called gangster government", Bachmann backed her statements, saying "I do believe that actions that have been taken by this White House—I don't take back my statements on gangster government. I think that there have been actions taken by the government that are corrupt ... I said I have very serious concerns about the president's views, and I think the president's actions in the last two years speak for themselves."[116]

In response to Bachmann's charges Chief Deputy Democratic Whip Rep. Jan Schakowsky, who served on the House health subcommittee, pointed out that the report Bachmann refers to is an update of a report that came out in October 2010 and that the costs were spelled out in both the bill and the Congressional Budget Office's estimate of its cost, "Michele Bachmann obviously didn't read the bill, because there was absolutely nothing hidden in that legislation." Schakowsky held that the costs were not kept secret, citing the $40 billion for the Children's Health Insurance Program as an example "There was a robust debate about whether or not that should be included, etc. So this idea of somehow, now at the last minute, there was a secret addition to some kind of funding ... is absolute nonsense."[117]

In a September 2011 Republican presidential debate in Tampa, FL, Bachmann criticized Rick Perry for his support for the humanpapilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and his support for mandating the HPV vaccine for all sixth-grade Texas girls.[118] The American Academy of Pediatrics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and other medical organizations worldwide are in favor of immunizing girls and boys against HPV.[119][120] HPV can cause lesions and genital warts, and has been linked to cervical cancer as well as genital and oral cancers in people of any gender.[121] Because the vaccine is effective only if given before the onset of sexual activity and subsequent exposure to the virus, medical groups recommend the three dose vaccine be given to 11- and 12-year-olds.[119][121][122] Bachmann, during the debate and in interviews following the event, accused Perry of "crony capitalism" (because Perry's former chief of staff was chief lobbyist for a drug company manufacturing the vaccine), and claimed that the HPV vaccine was dangerous and caused mental retardation.[118][121] She repeatedly referred to an anecdotal account from a mother of a girl who been immunized for HPV. "She told me that her little daughter took that vaccine, that injection, and she suffered mental retardation thereafter," Bachmann said. "There is no second chance for these little girls if there is any dangerous consequences to their bodies."[118] Shortly after Bachmann's statements at the debate, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement: "The American Academy of Pediatrics would like to correct false statements made in the Republican presidential campaign that HPV vaccine is dangerous and can cause mental retardation. There is absolutely no scientific validity to this statement. Since the vaccine has been introduced, more than 35 million doses have been administered, and it has an excellent safety record."[120][121][122] Fewer than one percent of those receiving the vaccine reported neurological side effects or, in rare cases, severe allergic reactions, none linked to changes in cognitive ability.[118][119] Bachmann later acknowledged that she was not a doctor or a scientist.[119]

Letter on Muslim Brotherhood influence

In June–July 2012, Bachmann and several other Republican legislators[123] sent a series of letters to oversight agencies at five federal departments citing "serious security concerns" about what Bachmann has called a "deep penetration in the halls of our United States government" by the Muslim Brotherhood. They requested formal investigations into what Bachmann called "influence operations" by the Brotherhood.[124][125]

Bachmann also accused Huma Abedin, an aide to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and former Rep. Anthony Weiner's wife, of having family connections to the Muslim Brotherhood.

Bachmann's comments have drawn what the Washington Post calls "fierce criticism from fellow lawmakers and religious groups."[124] In a speech on the Senate floor, 2008 Republican presidential candidate Senator John McCain denounced Bachmann's charges as "specious and degrading". He defended Abedin as a "hard-working and loyal servant of our country and our government" and stated "these attacks on Huma have no logic, no basis and no merit. They need to stop now."[124] House Speaker John Boehner termed Bachmann's allegations "dangerous", and other Republicans have also criticized the remarks.[126]

In a letter to Bachmann, her colleague Rep. Keith Ellison, D-Minn., a Muslim, asked for evidence backing her claims and stated, "Your response simply rehashes claims that have existed for years on anti-Muslim websites and contains no reliable information that the Muslim Brotherhood has infiltrated the U.S. government".[124]

Bachmann replied that "the intention of the letters was to outline the serious national security concerns I had and ask for answers to questions regarding the Muslim Brotherhood and other radical group's access to top Obama administration officials".[127][128] In a July 19 interview with radio and TV show host Glenn Beck, Bachmann repeated and expanded her allegations, accusing Ellison of having "a long record of being associated with the Council on American–Islamic Relations and with the Muslim Brotherhood".[129] Ellison replied that "I am not now, nor have I ever been, associated with the Muslim Brotherhood."[129]

113th Congress

Presidential campaign finance investigation

In 2013, Bachmann was under investigation by the House Ethics Committee, the Federal Election Commission, the Iowa Senate Ethics Committee, the Urbandale Police Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation because of alleged campaign finance violations in her 2012 campaign for president.[130][131]

It is alleged that members of her staff made under-the-table payments, that funds were illegally transferred from her leadership PAC to pay consultants for her presidential campaign and that hidden payments were made to Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson.[132][133]

Additionally, a lawsuit was filed alleging that Bachmann and several former staffers stole and misused an Iowa homeschool group's e-mail distribution list. The trial, Heki v. Bachmann, had been set for May 14, 2014,[134] but the case was settled out of court on June 28, 2013.[135][136][137]

On July 26, 2013, the House Ethics Committee announced they were conducting a full investigation of Bachmann, saying that they had received a referral from the Office of Congressional Ethics.[138][139]

Retirement

On May 29, 2013, Bachmann announced that she would not seek re-election to her Congressional seat in 2014.[140] Bachmann stated in an interview with Fox News in June 2013 that she was "not going silent," and would remain involved in politics. She did not rule out a future run for office, or even for the White House.[141] With her retirement from Congress, the ethics investigations against her were dropped.[142] Bachmann indicated, during a December 2017 New Year's weekend interview with televangelist Jim Bakker, that she had considered running for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Al Franken, but that she was awaiting God's counsel before making up her mind.[143]

Committee assignments

• Committee on Financial Services
  • Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
  • Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
• Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Political positions

Education policy

According to an article in the Stillwater Gazette, a local newspaper in Minnesota, Bachmann supports the teaching of creationism alongside evolution in public school science classes.[144] During a 2003 interview on the KKMS Christian radio program Talk The Walk, Bachmann said that evolution is a theory that has never been proven one way or the other.[145] She co-authored a bill (that received no additional endorsement among her fellow legislators) that would require public schools to include alternative explanations for the origin of life as part of the state's public school science curricula.[146] In October 2006, Bachmann told a debate audience in St. Cloud, Minnesota "there is a controversy among scientists about whether evolution is a fact or not ... There are hundreds and hundreds of scientists, many of them holding Nobel Prizes, who believe in intelligent design."[147] However, at least one news report, presenting a "sampling of Bachmann's ... ludicrous or plain old false claims", stated that this was untrue, and that "when the science isn't on [Bachmann's] side, she simply improvises."[148]

Bachmann has praised the Christian youth ministry You Can Run But You Cannot Hide International (YCRBYCH), hailing "the group's work of sharing the gospel in public schools".[149] She appeared as a keynote speaker at their fundraisers in 2006 and 2009.[149][150][151][152] Following a 2011 controversial invocation for the Minnesota House,[153] Bradlee Dean (the founder of YCRBYCH), declared that criticisms of him and his ministry were also "intended to harm and destroy the presidential campaign of Congresswoman Michele Bachmann ... [who] previously praised and prayed for the work of my ministry".[154]

Bachmann has had a history of opposing anti-bullying legislation. In 2006, she told the Minnesota Legislature that passing an anti-bullying bill would be a waste of time. "I think for all of us, our experience in public schools is there have always been bullies," Bachmann said. "Always have been, always will be. I just don't know how we're ever going to get to the point of zero tolerance ... What does it mean? ... Will we be expecting boys to be girls?"[155]

Fiscal policy

Bachmann addressing a Tea Party Express rally in Minneapolis

In the Minnesota Senate, Bachmann opposed minimum wage increases.[156] In an interview in late June 2011, Bachmann did not back away from her earlier proposal to eliminate the federal minimum wage, a change she said would "virtually wipe out unemployment."[157]

In a 2001 flyer, Bachmann and Michael J. Chapman wrote that federal policies manage a centralized, state-controlled economy in the United States.[158] She wrote that education laws passed by Congress in 2001, including "School To Work" and "Goals 2000", created a new national school curriculum that embraced "a socialist, globalist worldview; loyalty to all government and not America."[158] In 2003, Bachmann said that the "Tax Free Zones" economic initiatives of Republican Governor Tim Pawlenty were based on the Marxist principle of "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."[159] She also said that the administration was attempting to govern and run centrally planned economies through an organization called the Minnesota Economic Leadership Team (MELT), an advisory board on economic and workforce policy chaired by Pawlenty.[159] Prior to her election to the state senate, and again in 2005, Bachmann signed a "no new taxes" pledge sponsored by the Taxpayers League of Minnesota.[22][160] As a state senator, Bachmann introduced two bills that would have severely limited state taxation. In 2003, she proposed amending the Minnesota state constitution to adopt the "Taxpayers' Bill of Rights" (TABOR).[161]

In 2005, Bachmann opposed Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty's proposal for a state surcharge of 75 cents per pack on the wholesale cost of cigarettes. Bachmann said that she opposed the state surcharge "100 percent—it's a tax increase."[162] She later was criticized by the Taxpayers' League for reversing her position and voting in favor of the cigarette surcharge.[163]

She promised to bring the price of gasoline down to $2 per gallon, without specifying a plan for how to accomplish this.[164]

Environmental policy

Bachmann supports increased domestic drilling of oil and natural gas, as well as pursuing renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar. She is a strong proponent of nuclear power.[165]

Bachmann has stated a strong opposition toward the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pledging at an August 2011 campaign rally, "... I guarantee you the EPA will have doors locked and lights turned off and they will only be about conservation."[166] In 2007 and 2010, Bachmann was actively soliciting for funds from the EPA on behalf of constituents in her congressional district.[167]

Social Security and Medicare phaseout

Bachmann has called for phasing out Social Security and Medicare:

... what you have to do, is keep faith with the people that are already in the system, that don't have any other options, we have to keep faith with them. But basically what we have to do is wean everybody else off.[168]

Foreign policy

Bachmann speaking as a candidate for President in September 2011

Bachmann has said that in dealing with Iran, diplomacy "is our option", but that other options, including a nuclear strike, should not be ruled out.[169]

She has also said that she is "a longtime supporter of Israel".[15]

Global economy

In a discussion about the G-20 summit in Toronto, during an interview with conservative radio host Scott Hennen, Bachmann stated that she did not want America to be part of the international global economy.[170][171]

I don't want the United States to be in a global economy where our economic future is bound to that of Zimbabwe, We can't necessarily trust the decisions that are being made financially in other countries. I don't like the decisions that are being made in our own country, but certainly I don't want to trust the value of my currency and my future to that of like a Chavez down in Venezuela.

On economists who have influenced her views, Bachmann told The Wall Street Journal,

... the late Milton Friedman as well as Thomas Sowell and Walter Williams. "I'm also an Art Laffer fiend—we're very close," she adds. "And [Ludwig] von Mises. I love von Mises," getting excited and rattling off some of his classics like Human Action and Bureaucracy. "When I go on vacation and I lay on the beach, I bring von Mises."[172]

Immigration policy

Bachmann believes that strengthened enforcement of immigration laws is required for the growth of the American job market. She supports amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to allow only the immediate family of legal immigrants (not extended family members) priority consideration in the immigration process.[173] She voted against the DREAM Act.[174] She has also stated that the current law does not need modification but proper enforcement.

Bachmann said: "... the immigration system in the United States worked very, very well up until the mid-1960s when liberal members of Congress changed the immigration laws."[175]

Bachmann has expressed support for immigration of highly skilled professionals such as chemists and engineers.[176]

She was against the 2013 immigration reform bill, indicating that passing it would mean the end of the Republican Party. On WorldNetDaily she stated "This is President Obama's number one political agenda because he knows we will never again have a Republican president ever if amnesty goes into effect."[177]

Social issues

Same-sex marriage constitutional amendment

Bachmann supports both a federal and state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and any legal equivalents.[10][178][179]

In August 2006 the Minneapolis Star Tribune reported that in March 2006 Bachmann was on a Minneapolis radio show advocating a state constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. A caller asked her to explain how he, a heterosexual, would be harmed if his gay neighbors were allowed to marry. Bachmann replied by saying: "Public schools would have to teach that homosexuality and same-sex marriage are normal, natural and that maybe children should try them." The Star Tribune also reported that Bachmann had publicly called homosexuality "sexual dysfunction", "sexual identity disorders", and "personal enslavement" that leads to "sexual anarchy".[180]

In a July 2014 radio interview Bachmann claimed that gay rights activists want to abolish age of consent laws in the United States so that adults can "prey on little children sexually."[181]

Pro-life position

Bachmann has identified herself as pro-life and has been endorsed in her runs for Congress by the Susan B. Anthony List and Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life.[182] At a debate among presidential candidates in New Hampshire, when asked if abortion should be allowed in cases of rape or incest, Bachmann responded that she is "100 percent pro-life".[183] In the state senate Bachmann introduced a bill proposing a constitutional amendment restricting state funds for abortion. The bill died in committee.[184]

Federal-backed home loans

According to an article in the Washington Post, in 2008 Bachmann may have taken advantage of a federal program for a home loan, then called for dismantling the program, though the article noted that the public and other members of Congress have taken advantage of such loans despite seeing reasons to criticize them.[185] When asked about it, she said: "This is the problem. It is almost impossible to buy a home in this country today without the federal government being involved".[186]

Opinion on President Obama's birth certificate

Bachmann was never a part of the birther movement but said that President Obama could resolve the dispute by producing his long-form birth certificate. In April 2011, after Obama released the certificate,[187] Bachmann was asked about the issue on Good Morning America by George Stephanopoulos. She said that its release "should settle the matter", that "I take the President at his word", and that "We have bigger fish to fry".[188]

Political campaigns

Official photo, c. 2007

2006 congressional campaign

Main article: 2006 Minnesota's 6th congressional district election

Bachmann won her Congressional seat in the 2006 election with 50 percent of the vote, as she defeated Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) candidate Patty Wetterling and the Independence Party's John Binkowski.

The U.S. 6th District's congressman since 2001, Mark Kennedy, announced in late 2005 that he would be running for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Mark Dayton of the DFL. Bachmann stated that "God then called me to run" for the U.S. House seat, and that she and her husband fasted for three days to be more sure.[189]

According to Bloomberg.com news, evangelical conservative leader James Dobson put the resources of his organization behind her 2006 campaign. Dobson's Focus on the Family planned to distribute 250,000 voter guides in Minnesota churches to reach social conservatives, according to Tom Prichard, president of the Minnesota Family Council, a local affiliate of Dobson's group. In addition to Minnesota, Dobson's group also organized turnout drives in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, New Jersey and Montana.[190]

During a debate televised by WCCO-TV on October 28, 2006, news reporter Pat Kessler quoted a story that appeared in the Minneapolis Star Tribune and asked Bachmann whether it was true that the church she belonged to taught that the Pope is the Anti-Christ. Bachmann stated that her church "does not believe that the Pope is the Anti-Christ, that's absolutely false ... I'm very grateful that my pastor has come out and been very clear on this matter, and I think it's patently absurd and it's a false statement."[191][192]

Bachmann received support from a fundraising visit in early July 2006 from Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert.[193] On July 21, 2006, Karl Rove visited Minnesota to raise funds for her election.[194] In August President George W. Bush was the keynote speaker at her congressional fundraiser, which raised about $500,000.[195] Bachmann also received fundraising support from Vice President Dick Cheney.[196] The National Republican Congressional Committee put nearly $3 million into the race, for electronic and direct-mail ads against DFLer Wetterling. The amount was significantly more than the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent on behalf of Wetterling. On November 7, 2006, Bachmann defeated opponents Patty Wetterling and John Binkowski with 50% of the vote to Wetterling's 42% and Binkowski's 8%.[197]

2008 congressional campaign

Main article: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota § District 6

In 2008 Bachmann won reelection over her DFL and Independence Party-endorsed opponent Elwyn Tinklenberg. With all precincts reported, Bachmann won, 46.41% to 43.43%.[198] Because Tinklenberg was running as a DFLer in the Democratic primary, Bob Anderson was able to run in the Independence Party primary unopposed despite not having the Independence endorsement. Anderson received 10% of the vote.

2010 congressional campaign

Main article: 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota § District 6

In 2010 Bachmann was challenged by DFL nominee Tarryl Clark and Independence Party candidate Bob Anderson. With more than $8.5 million, Bachmann spent more than any other House of Representative candidate, although Clark was able to raise $4 million, one of the largest fundraising efforts in the nation for a U.S. House challenger.[199] On November 2, 2010, Bachmann defeated Clark, 52% to 40%.

2012 presidential campaign

Main article: Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign

In early 2011 there was much speculation that Bachmann would run for president in 2012. She participated in the second Republican presidential debate in New Hampshire on June 13, 2011; during the debate she announced she had filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) earlier that day to become a candidate for the GOP nomination.[200] Bachmann formally announced her candidacy for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination on June 27, 2011, during an appearance in Waterloo, Iowa.[201]

Although Bachmann won the Ames Straw Poll hosted by the Iowa GOP on August 13, 2011, becoming the first woman ever to win the poll,[202] she finished sixth in the January 3, 2012, caucuses, with 4.98% of the vote. On January 4 she announced that she was cancelling her scheduled campaign trips to South Carolina[203] and suspending her presidential campaign.[204]

2012 congressional campaign

See also: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota § District 6

On January 25, 2012, Bachmann announced that she would run for reelection for her seat in Congress.[205]

According to Politico.com, as of July 2012 Bachmann had "raised close to $15 million" for the 2012 election, a figure it called "astounding ... more than some Senate candidates will collect this year."[206] From July to the end of September, Bachmann raised $4.5 million. This amount put her ahead of all other members of Congress (including Allen West who was in second place with $4 million) for the third quarter. Bachmann said she was "humbled by the enormous outpouring of grassroots support for my campaign focused on keeping America the most secure and prosperous nation in the world."

Despite a more favorable district Bachmann won reelection only narrowly, receiving just 4,298 more votes than her DFL challenger, Jim Graves.[207]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Michele Bachmann

Autobiography

In November 2011 Bachmann published her autobiography, Core of Conviction, in which she outlined the events and people who have shaped her values and beliefs including her parents' divorce when she was in the ninth grade. She described the financial struggles her mother suffered as a single parent in trying to provide for her family and the work ethic she developed as a result of it. She wrote of that time, "I took every baby sitting job I could get, because by ninth grade, I was growing conscious of my appearance. In those days, girls had to wear dresses to public school, and if I wanted pretty dresses, I had to buy them, because mom couldn't afford them for me; she couldn't afford lunch money."

Bachmann also wrote about her political conversion as a young adult when Jimmy Carter, whom she voted for, let her down. "It was in the perilous fires of the Carter administration that my ideology was forged," she wrote. "In the seventies, Carter taught me what I was against, and then in the eighties, Reagan taught me what I was for." She detailed why she went to work for the Internal Revenue Service—because she wanted to change the tax code "from the inside out"—and comments on her role as a Tea Party leader: "I once said that the Tea Party represents 90 percent of Americans. I now realize that I misspoke. I should have said 100 percent, because I believe that nearly all Americans retain faith in the ordered liberty that the Constitution offers."[208][209][210]

Personal life

Family

Husband Marcus Bachmann and Michele at the 2011 Time 100 gala, where Michele was an honoree

In 1978, Amble married Marcus Bachmann, now a clinical therapist with a master's degree from Regent University and a Ph.D. from Union Graduate School,[211] whom she met while they were undergraduates.[13][212] After she received an LL.M. in taxation from William & Mary School of Law in 1988, the couple moved to Stillwater, Minnesota, a town of 18,000 near Saint Paul, where they run a Christian counseling center that provided gay conversion therapy.[13][213] Bachmann and her husband have five children: Lucas, Harrison, Elisa, Caroline, and Sophia. In a 2011 town hall meeting, she said that she suffered a miscarriage after the birth of their second child, Harrison, an event she said shaped her anti-abortion views.[214]

Bachmann and her husband have also provided foster care to 23 other children,[81][215] all teenage girls. The Bachmanns were licensed from 1992 to 2000 to handle up to three foster children at a time; the last child arrived in 1998. The Bachmanns began by providing short-term care for girls with eating disorders who were patients in a University of Minnesota program. The Bachmann home was legally defined as a treatment home, with a daily reimbursement rate per child from the state. Some girls stayed a few months, others more than a year.[24]

Bachmann is a former beauty pageant queen.[216]

Citizenship

In May 2012 it was reported that Marcus Bachmann had registered for Swiss citizenship and after it was finalized, Michele Bachmann automatically became a citizen as well.[217] The Bachmanns and their three youngest children were granted citizenship on March 19, 2012. They had been eligible for this under Swiss nationality law because Marcus Bachmann's parents were Swiss.[217] Bachmann denied that she or her husband had applied for Swiss citizenship, saying that her husband had already been a dual citizen as the son of Swiss immigrants, and that she had automatically acquired Swiss citizenship under then-current Swiss law when she married him in 1978. But in May 2012, when a Swiss Television reporter said to her "I understand you just got Swiss citizenship", Bachmann's reply was: "Yes, we did."[218] Marcus Bachmann did not register the marriage with the Swiss authorities until 2012.[217][219] Within two days of the first reports of Bachmann's dual citizenship,[220] she announced that she had written to the Swiss consulate to withdraw her Swiss citizenship.[221]

Religion

Bachmann was raised "into a family of Norwegian Lutheran Democrats";[222] she was a longtime member of Salem Lutheran Church (Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod) in Stillwater. She and her husband withdrew their membership on June 21, 2011, just before she officially began her presidential campaign. They had not attended the church for over two years.[223] More recently, according to friends, the Bachmanns began attending Eagle Brook Church, an Evangelical Protestant Baptist church closer to their home.[224]

Bachmann has cited theologian Francis Schaeffer as a "profound influence" on her life and her husband's, especially his film series How Should We Then Live?.[17][18] She has also described Total Truth: Liberating Christianity from Its Cultural Captivity by Nancy Pearcey as a "wonderful" book.[17] Journalist Ryan Lizza has argued that Bachmann's worldview is deeply influenced by the Christian movement known as Dominionism, citing the influence of Schaeffer and Pearcey as evidence.[17] Others have criticized Lizza's article, especially its connection of Schaeffer with Dominionism.[225][226][227] Religion writer Sarah Posner broadly concurs with Lizza, pointing to the influence of Christian Reconstructionists Herb Titus and R. J. Rushdoony on Bachmann via the curriculum at O. W. Coburn School of Law.[228][229]

Businesses

Bachmann and her husband own a Christian counseling practice, Bachmann & Associates.[42][230] The clinic is run by her husband, who has a Ph.D. with "a concentration in clinical psychology"[231] from Union Graduate School. Marcus Bachmann is not a licensed clinical psychologist in Minnesota.[232] The clinic received nearly $30,000 from Minnesota government agencies between 2006 and 2010 in addition to at least $137,000 in federal payments and $24,000 in government grants for counselor training.[233] In an interview Michele Bachmann said that she and her husband had not benefited at taxpayer expense, saying, "the money that went to the clinic was actually training money for employees".[234] Marcus Bachmann has denied allegations that Bachmann & Associates provides conversion therapy, a controversial psychological treatment repudiated by the American Psychological Association that attempts to transform homosexuals into heterosexuals.[235][236] A former client of Bachmann's clinic and a hidden camera investigator with the activist group Truth Wins Out have said that therapists at the clinic do engage in such practices,[237][238] but columnist Mariah Blake of The Nation has suggested the hidden camera investigator might have been baiting the therapist to say something controversial.[235] In a subsequent interview with the Star Tribune, Marcus Bachmann did not deny that he or other counselors at his clinic used the technique but said they did so only at a client's request.[223]

In personal financial disclosure reports for 2006 through 2009, Bachmann reported earning $32,500 to $105,000[234] from a farm that was owned at the time by her ailing father-in-law, Paul Bachmann. The farm received $260,000 in federal crop and disaster subsidies between 1995 and 2008.[239] Bachmann said that in 2006–2009, her husband acted as a trustee of the farm for his dying father and so, out of "an abundance of caution", she claimed the farm as income in financial disclosures, though it was her in-laws who profited from the farm during that period.[240]

See also

• United States congressional delegations from Minnesota
• List of United States Representatives from Minnesota
• Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

1. A pronunciation of /ˈbɑːxmən/ would be closer to the German original, and some English speakers may use it, but for most including Bachmann /x/ is pronounced /k/ after a vowel.
2. "Elections 2008". Chicago Sun-Times. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
3. "Bachmann Eyeing Presidency" Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Fox News, March 24, 2011
4. Diaz, Kevin (November 17, 2006). "Minnesota's New Representatives; Michele Bachmann". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. The first Republican congresswoman from Minnesota says she'll be there as a conservative, not a lightning rod for controversy.
5. "'Unusual' Bachmann Rebuttal Could Scramble GOP Message on Obama Address". Fox News. April 7, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
6. James, Frank. "House GOP Names Transition Team; Snubs Michele Bachmann". National Public Radio.
7. May Linn Gjerding. "Seier til norskættede "Titan-Michelle"". VG. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
8. "Michele Bachmann ancestry". RootsWeb. Ancestry.com. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
9. politicks Org (May 8, 2015). "Bachmann Biography". republican-candidates.org. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
10. Ode, Kim (July 22, 2007). "Michele Bachmann: Watching her step". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
11. "Michele Bachmann ancestry". ancestry.com. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
12. "Caucus News". Wcfcourier.com. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
13. Taibbi, Matt (July 7, 2011). "Michele Bachmann's Holy War". Rolling Stone.
14. "Bachmann's Childhood". 2012 Republican Candidates. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
15. Mitelman, Jenna (March 24, 2010), "Michele Bachmann on her love for Israel, and considering herself Jewish" Archived September 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, TC Jewfolk, retrieved March 26, 2011
16. "Bachmann, Michele – Biographical Information". United States Congress. 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
17. Lizza, Ryan (August 15, 2011). "The Transformation of Michele Bachmann". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
18. Goldberg, Michelle (June 14, 2011). "Bachmann's Unrivaled Extremism". Daily Beast. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
19. "Congresswoman Michele Bachmann Speaks at Regent Law Chapel". Regent Law News. November 24, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
20. "About Michele Bachmann". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
21. "Michele Bachmann for Congress". Candidate Focus. Republican National Committee. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
22. Anderson, G.R., Jr. (February 23, 2005). "Somebody Say Oh Lord!". City Pages. Archived from the original on March 4, 2005. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
23. Duchschere, Kevin (January 1, 2005). "Senator, mother, rising star". Star Tribune (Minneapolis).
24. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (June 21, 2011). "Roots of Bachmann's Ambition Began at Home". The New York Times.
25. "Michele Bachmann speech, Troy MI Dec 28, 2010 Part 1/2" Archived November 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine [Flash Video] at 6:50–8:10, YouTube, retrieved March 25, 2011
26. "Michele Bachmann" (Press release). GOP.COM. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
27. Speckhardt, Roy (February 14, 2011). "No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act". A Humanist View. Patheos. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
28. Stephanie Samuel (January 25, 2011). "Bachmann Tells Pro-Lifers Their Efforts Are Not a Waste". Washington. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
29. Libit, Daniel (June 13, 2008). "The Shuttle: Rep. Michele Bachmann". Politico. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
30. Sandvig, Zoe (October 4, 2008). "High-minded and high-heeled". World. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
31. Prince, Pat (December 18, 1991), "Abortion issue clouds med center lease plan", Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN)
32. Lizza, Ryan (August 15, 2011). "Leap of Faith: The making of a Republican front-runner". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
33. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (June 21, 2011). "Roots of Bachmann's Ambition Began at Home". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
34. "Full Transcript: Michele Bachmann Speaks To NPR". NPR. June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
35. Bachmann, Michele (October 8, 1999). "School-to-Work: The Heart of Educational Reform". Minnesota Family Institute. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
36. Brunswick, Mark (November 21, 2003). "Keeping gay marriage outside law; Legislators propose constitutional prohibition". Star Tribune. Minneapolis.
37. Brunswick, Mark (March 12, 2004). "Same-sex marriage bill heads to House floor". Star Tribune. Minneapolis.
38. Doyle, Pat (March 9, 2005). "Bill would order vote on ban of same-sex marriage". Star Tribune. Minneapolis.
39. Jones, Susan. "Minnesotans rally in defense of marriage". Cybercast News Service. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2006.
40. "Minnesota Bachmann named to Senate post". St. Paul Pioneer Press. November 6, 2004.
41. "Bachmann's Anti-Tax, Pro-Life Stance Leads To Ouster From Senate Leadership". Michele Bachmann for U.S. Congress. July 20, 2005. Archived from the original on December 13, 2006. Retrieved December 16, 2006.
42. "Biography". Congresswoman Michele Bachmann. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
43. Diaz, Kevin (January 8, 2007). "Minnesota delegation offers cool response". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
44. Averill, Brady (January 11, 2007). "Minnesota delegation weighs in on Bush plan for more troops". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
45. Mark Zdechlik (January 5, 2007). "Minnesota delegation cool to use of more troops in Iraq". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
46. Schumacher, Lawrence (July 10, 2007). "Bachmann: Surge needs time". St. Cloud Times.
47. University of Michigan Law School, CCRA faq's Archived March 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
48. FinAid guide to financial aide Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (obtained April 19, 2011)
49. Brogan, Pamela (July 12, 2007). "Bachmann votes against Pell grants bill". St. Cloud Times.
50. "Fact Sheet: College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007". September 27, 2007.
51. Diaz, Kevin (July 29, 2008). "Bachmann seeks House vote on oil exploration". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
52. Cockerham, Sean (July 18, 2008). "GOP Hopefuls get close look at ANWR". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
53. Scheck, Tom (March 17, 2008). "Bachmann doesn't like McCain or global warming". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
54. Diaz, Kevin; McAuliffe, Bill (May 3, 2009). "Climate debate heating up for Minnesotans in Washington". Star Tribune (Minneapolis). Retrieved January 5, 2014.
55. Schmelzer, Paul (April 24, 2009). "On climate science, Bachmann accused of 'making things up' on the House floor". Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on June 30, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
56. Kasperowicz, Pete (March 2, 2011). "Bachmann: Let there be (incandescent) light – The Hill's Floor Action". Thehill.com. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
57. "Bachmann to Democrats: Don't tell Americans what light bulbs to buy – Political Hotsheet". CBS News. March 2, 2011. Archived from the original on February 11, 2013. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
58. "Bachmann reintroduces Light Bulb Freedom of Choice Act". Meet the 112th. March 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
59. Diaz, Kevin (June 3, 2008). "Bachmann helps simplify credit card math". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
60. "Bachmann Statement on the Failure of the Bailout Bill". The Office of Rep. Michele Bachmann. September 29, 2008. Archived from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
61. "Bachmann Opposes Auto Industry Bailout". The Office of Rep. Michele Bachmann. December 11, 2008. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
62. Interview with Rep. Michele Bachmann. NBC News. October 17, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
63. "Transcript for Hardball with Chris Matthews, October 17, 2008". NBC News. October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
64. Horrigan, Marie; Kapochunas, Rachel & Stanchak, Jesse (October 21, 2008). CQ "Politics' House Rating Changes Topped by Bachmann Blow-Up" CQ Politics. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
65. "Powell: Support for Obama doesn't mean Iraq war wrong". CNN. October 19, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
66. "Colin Powell Calls Bachmann's Comments 'nonsense'". CBS News. October 19, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
67. "Carlson endorses Obama, spurred by Bachmann remarks". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
68. Doyle, Pat (October 22, 2008). "Bachmann: 'I made a misstatement'". Star Tribune. Minneapolis.
69. Birkey, Andy (October 22, 2008). "Clark fundraises over Bachmann's latest 'Anti-American' comments". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
70. Barr, Andy (March 25, 2010). "Tim Pawlenty, Michele Bachmann headline anti-abortion fundraiser". Politico. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
71. "Meet the Press transcript for March 6, 2011", Meet the Press, March 6, 2011.
72. "Bachmann: No foreign currency". Star Tribune. March 26, 2009. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
73. "Bachmann bill would ban global currency". The Hill. March 26, 2009. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
74. Dinan, Stephen. "Exclusive: Minn. lawmaker vows not to complete Census" Archived October 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Washington Times. June 17, 2009.
75. Bachmann Earns Two More Pants on Fire. Archived May 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Politifact. June 25, 2009.
76. Kucinich, Jackie. "GOP House Trio Urges Bachmann to Reverse Boycott of Census" Archived August 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Roll Call. July 1, 2009.
77. Pugmire, Tim. Bachmann proposes limits on census information Archived October 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Minnesota Public Radio News, July 13, 2009.
78. Rosenberg, Jeff. Bachmann doubles down on census craziness, MN Publius, July 14, 2009.
79. "The Messenger: Michele Bachmann". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. April 9, 2009. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
80. "Audio Player". Townhall.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
81. Harris, Paul (November 15, 2009). "America's Miss Right; Right-wing America finds a new heroine to take up the battle against liberalism". The Observer. London. p. 2. Retrieved January 12, 2010. Also published as:
    • Harris, Paul (November 27, 2009). "Firebrands of the American right". The Guardian Weekly. 181 (24). p. 28.
82. Steller, Chris (April 6, 2009). "Bachmann fears 'politically correct re-education camps for young people'". Minnesota Independent. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
83. Robertson, Lori (April 21, 2009). "Is Congress creating a mandatory public service system?". FactCheck. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
84. Steller, Chris (August 12, 2009). "Bachmann's son signed on with AmeriCorps program she abhors". Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on August 16, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
85. Tevlin, Jon (August 12, 2009). "Bachmann's wayward son up and joins AmeriCorps". Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
86. "Teach for America Financial Compensation and Benefits". 2012. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
87. Sarah Palin's Facebook page, August 7, 2009, Sarah Palin: Statement on the Current Health Care Debate Archived November 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
88. Sarah Palin's facebook page, August 12, 2009, Sarah Palin: Concerning the "Death Panels" Archived February 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
89. ABC News, Jake Tapper, August 7, 2009, Palin Paints Picture of 'Obama Death Panel' Giving Thumbs Down to Trig, Palin Paints Picture of 'Obama Death Panel' Giving Thumbs Down to Trig Archived February 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
90. Ambinder, Marc (August 11, 2009). "Zeke Emanuel, The Death Panels, And Illogic In Politics". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 24, 2009.
91. McCaughey, Betsy (July 24, 2009). "Deadly doctors: O [sic] advisors want to ration care". New York Post.
92. "McCaughey claims end-of-life counseling will be required for Medicare patients". Politifact.com. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
93. "Congressional Chronicle – C-SPAN Video Library". C-spanarchives.org. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
94. "Bachmann says Obama health adviser thinks health care ought not to be extended to the disabled" Archived May 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, PolitiFact, July 27, 2009.
95. "Ezekiel Emanuel, Obama's 'Deadly Doctor,' Strikes Back" Archived August 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, TIME, August 12. 2009.
96. 'Deadly Doctor'? Archived August 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, FactCheck.org
97. Pear, Robert (April 17, 2009). "A hard-charging doctor on Obama's team". The New York Times.
98. Luning, Ernest (August 31, 2009). "Bachmann: 'Slit our wrists, be blood brothers' to beat health care reform". The Colorado Independent. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
99. Doyle, Pat (August 2, 2009). "Health insurers fighting overhaul plan with cash". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
100. Montopoli, Brian (November 4, 2010). "Cost of Obama's Trip to India Angers Right". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010.
101. Wallbank, Derek (November 5, 2010). "White House: Asian trip cost Bachmann cited has 'no basis in reality'". MinnPost.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
102. Kellman, Laurie (November 4, 2010). "Bachmann bid for GOP leadership gets cool reaction". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2010.
103. O'Connor, Patrick (November 3, 2010). "Republicans Start Jockeying for Leadership Posts". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010.
104. Cogan, Marin (November 9, 2010). "Michele Bachmann: I helped put gavel in Boehner's hands". Politico. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010.
105. Weiner, Rachel (November 8, 2010). "Michele Bachmann leadership bid looking shaky". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 9, 2010.
106. Ashley Parker Michele Bachmann's Popularity Puts G.O.P. on the Spot Archived August 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times November 20, 2010
107. "A Campaign Ends". The National Review Online. November 10, 2010. Archived from the original on November 11, 2010.
108. Michael Isikoff (January 6, 2011). "Rep. Bachmann lands post on intelligence committee". NBC News.
109. Mattingly, Phil (January 6, 2011). "Tea Party Caucus Founder Bachmann Pushes Measure to Repeal Dodd-Frank Law". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
110. "GOP's Bachmann seeks to repeal Dodd-Frank…completely". MarketWatch. January 6, 2011.
111. Tom Braithwaite (January 6, 2011). "Frank set for fight to defend regulatory overhaul". The Financial Times.
112. "Bachmann's State of the Union response raises her profile". Associated Press. January 27, 2011.
113. Nicholas Ballasy (January 7, 2011). "Rep. Michele Bachmann: House Republicans Should 'Fully Defund Obamacare' Under Congress' 'Power of the Purse'". CNSNews.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2011.
114. Wallbank, Derek (March 3, 2011). "Bachmann joins Tea Party supporters in plan to defund health care law". Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
115. "GOP Lawmakers Target $105B in Spending Found in Health Care Law". Fox News. March 8, 2011.
116. Jeremy Herb (March 7, 2011). "Bachmann accuses White House of hiding billions in health bill". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on March 10, 2011.
117. Rovner, Julie. "Was $105 billion Really 'Hidden' In The Health Law?". National Public Radio.
118. Weiner, Rachel (September 13, 2011). "Bachmann claims HPV vaccine might cause 'mental retardation'". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
119. Grady, Denise (September 19, 2011). "Remark on HPV vaccine could ripple for years". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
120. Steenhuysen, Julie (September 15, 2011). "Analysis: Bachmann vaccine comments toxic, doctors say". Reuters. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
121. Gann, Carrie (September 14, 2011). "Michele Bachmann's HPV Vaccine Safety and 'Retardation' Comments Misleading, Doctors Say". ABC News. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
122. Hensley, Scott (September 13, 2011). "Pediatricians fact-check Bachmann's bashing of HPV vaccine". NPR. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
123. Rep. Trent Franks, Texas Rep. Louie Gohmert, Florida Rep. Tom Rooney and Georgia Rep. Lynn Westmoreland Michele Bachmann Sticks To Accusations About Muslim Brotherhood Archived November 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
124. Rep. Michele Bachmann’s Muslim Brotherhood claims draw fierce fire By Chris Lisee| Religion News Service| July 18, 2012.
125. McCain Defends Clinton Aide Huma Abedin Against Bachmann Accusation About Muslim Brotherhood Archived November 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine abcnews
126. Republicans line up to rip Michele Bachmann Archived July 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine By JAKE SHERMAN | politico.com| July 19, 2012.
127. Lauren Fox. "Michele Bachmann Sticks To Accusations About Muslim Brotherhood". US News & World Report. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
128. Letter to deputy inspector general from Bachmann Archived July 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
129. "Bachmann alleges Ellison has ties to Muslim Brotherhood". Star Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
130. Bresnahan, John; Tau, Byron (March 25, 2013). "Michele Bachmann under investigation for campaign finance violations". Politico. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
131. Wing, Nick (May 20, 2013). "Michele Bachmann Presidential Campaign Investigation Joined By FBI". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
132. Petroski, William (May 10, 2013). "Kent Sorenson ethics complaint to be investigated by former criminal prosecutor". Des Moines Register. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
133. Aronsen, Gavin (May 21, 2013). "The Michele Bachmann Campaign Probe, Explained". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
134. Eckhoff, Jeff (May 29, 2013). "Michele Bachmann's Iowa court date set". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
135. Diaz, Kevin (July 15, 2013). "Bachmann settles lawsuit over Iowa e-mail list". Star Tribune. Retrieved August 22, 2016. Terms are not disclosed as the U.S. rep stays mum.
136. "Iowa Woman Resolves Lawsuit Against Bachmann". WCCO-TV. Associated Press. June 28, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
137. Hall, Kevin (June 28, 2013). "Heki Lawsuit Against Bachmann, Sorenson is Settled". The Iowa Republican. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016. A lawsuit filed by former Michele Bachmann presidential campaign staffer Barb Heki against the congresswoman, Iowa Senator Kent Sorenson and others involved with the campaign has been dismissed with prejudice, according to court documents filed on Friday.
138. "Michele Bachmann Ethics Investigation: Committee Extending Probe Of GOP Rep". The Huffington Post. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
139. Weiner, Rachel (July 26, 2013). "House Ethics Committee looking into Michele Bachmann". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
140. Bakst, Brian; Thomas, Ken (May 29, 2013). "Rep. Michele Bachmann says she won't run for re-election". Action News WPVI-TV. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
141. Camia, Catalina (June 7, 2013). "Bachmann: 'Not going silent,' may run again". USA Today.
142. Clines, Francis (November 13, 2014). "How to Make an Ethics Probe Disappear". NY Times. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
143. Michele Bachmann may run for Al Franken’s seat, if God gives her the thumbs up, Salon.com, Gabriel Bell, January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
144. "Schools Should Not Limit Origins-Of-Life Discussions To Evolution, Republican Legislators Say". Stillwater Gazette. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012.
145. "Michele Bachmann v. The Theory of Evolution". Stillwater Gazette. September 1, 2003.
146. "S.F. No. 1714, "School districts science curriculum design requirement"; introduced 83rd Legislative Session (2003–2004)". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
147. Michele Bachmann. Bachmann-Wetterling-Binkowski candidates' debate. October 7, 2006. Voter's Choice Candidate Forum, sponsored by the League of Women Voters of the St. Cloud Area, the St. Cloud Times and the St. Cloud Women of Today. Apollo High School, St. Cloud, MN.
148. "Michele Bachmann's HPV vaccine claims: Just one more untruth". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ. September 14, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
149. Birkey, Andy (September 30, 2009). "Bachmann to raise funds for controversial Christian punk ministry". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on October 20, 2010.
150. Birkey, Andy (November 13, 2009). "With Bachmann's help, You Can Run raises funds to bring Christ into public schools". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on October 20, 2010.
151. Harris, Paul (June 18, 2011). "Michele Bachmann: the Tea Party crusader electrifying the US right". The Observer. London. p. 28. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
152. Boston, Rob (July–August 2010). "Stealth Evangelism and the Public Schools: Improper Proselytizing Opposed". Church & State. 63 (7): 7–10.
153. Stassen-Berger, Rachel E. (May 21, 2011). "Prayer controversy jeopardizes same-sex amendment vote". Star Tribune. Minneapolis.
154. Dean, Bradlee (July 27, 2011). "Bradlee Dean's Statement to the Press about Lawsuit". You Can Run But You Cannot Hide International. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012.Retrieved August 17, 2011
155. Zhao, Emmeline (July 26, 2011). "Michele Bachmann Silent On Teen Suicides In Her School District, Opposed Anti-Bullying Bill". The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
156. "Jobs, Energy and Community Development Committee Hearing". January 26, 2005.
157. Amy Bingham (June 29, 2011). "Fact Checking Michele Bachmann on Minimum Wage". ABC News. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
158. Chapman, Michael J.; Bachmann, Michele. "How New U.S. Policy Embraces a State-Planned Economy" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, EdWatch, 2001.
159. Senator Michele Bachmann, EdWatch conference, October 10–11, 2003.
160. Eric Black, "Bachmann is convention front-runner", Star Tribune, May 4, 2006.
161. Schumacher, Lawrence (October 19, 2006). "Bachmann banks on moral issues". St. Cloud Times. (Abstract. Fee charged for full article. Article sources: Minnesota State Senate, Office of the Revisor of Statutes.). Retrieved February 21, 2010.
162. Patricia Lopez, "Pawlenty proposes cigarette 'user fee'", Star Tribune, May 21, 2005.
163. Taxpayers' League of Minnesota, "Are High Cigarette Prices Making You Angry?", 2005.
164. Berman, Dan. "Bachmann: I'll get gas under $2" Archived February 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Politico, August 17, 2011
165. Wallmeyer, Andrew (October 2, 2008). "Congressional candidates debate economy". Stillwater Gazette.
166. Jacobs, Jennifer (August 6, 2011). "'I pledge to you I'm not a talker, I'm a doer,' Bachmann says". Des Moines Register.
167. Stein, Sam. Michele Bachmann Repeatedly Sought Stimulus, EPA, Other Government Funds Archived May 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post, October 8, 2011
168. Richert, Catharine (February 24, 2010). "Ad Says Bachmann Wants To 'Wean' Nation Off Entitlements, Privatize Social Security". PolitiFact. St. Petersburg, FL: St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010.
169. "Midday with Gary Eichten". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012.
170. Barr, Andy (June 29, 2010). "Bachmann wary of G-20". Politico. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
171. "Congresswoman Michele Bachmann (R-MN)" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, (MP3 file), The Scott Hennen Show, WZFG, June 29, 2010
172. 'On the Beach, I Bring von Mises' , The Weekend Interview of Bachmann, June 11, 2011.
173. "Congresswoman Michele Bachmann House web page". Bachmann.house.gov. Archived from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
174. "Bill Text – 111th Congress (2009-2010) – THOMAS (Library of Congress)". Thomas.loc.gov. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
175. Madison, Lucy (September 12, 2011). "Perry defends law allowing in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants". CBS News. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
176. Raychaudhuri, Shampa. "Michele Bachmann on Immigration".
177. Philip, Abby D. (June 13, 2013). "Will Republicans Listen to Jeb Bush About Immigration Reform?". ABC News. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
178. McWhorter, John (July 14, 2011), "New Republic: In Defense Of 'Marriage Vow' Passage" Archived January 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NPR, retrieved July 14, 2011
     • "Michele Bachmann Addresses 'Marriage Vow' Pledge, Slavery " Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Huffington Post, July 13, 2011, retrieved July 14, 2011.
     • "Michele Bachmann, Rick Santorum Sign 'The Marriage Vow'", The Huffington Post, July 8, 2011, retrieved July 14, 2011.
179. Scheck, Tom (February 5, 2004). "Poll: Most Minnesotans opposed to gay marriage". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved November 4, 2010. Sen. Michele Bachmann, R-Stillwater, is sponsoring a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage. Bachmann says voters, not the courts, should be the ones to decide the definition of marriage.
180. Black, Eric (August 20, 2006). "Sixth Congressional District Race; It's what they say and how they say it; For each main candidate, style and substance will be important factors in the race for this wide-open congressional seat". Star Tribune (Minneapolis): p. 1.B.
181. Wemple, Erik. "Rep. Michele Bachmann slams gay agenda on radio show". Washington Post. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
182. "Minnesota Values" Archived March 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Bachmann for Congress. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
183. Savage, Luiza Ch. (July 5, 2011). "Bachmann goes into overdrive". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
184. Schumacher, Lawrence (October 19, 2006), "Bachmann banks on moral issues" Archived July 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, St. Cloud Times.
185. Kindy, Kimberly. "Bachmann benefitted from federal home loan program." Washington Post, July 26, 2011.
186. Ball, Molly. "Debt deal failing won't cause default, says Michele Bachmann." Archived April 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Politico, July 28, 2011.
187. "Obama releases original long-form birth certificate – CNN". Articles.cnn.com. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
188. Zeleny, Jeff (April 20, 2011). "Bachmann Says It's Time to Move Past 'Birther' Debate – NYTimes.com". Hawaii: Thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
189. Eric Kleefeld (October 18, 2006). "MN-06: Bachmann: "God then called me to run" for Congress". Talking Points Memo. Archived from the original on June 25, 2009.
190. "William Roberts, "Republicans Falter in Bid to Mobilize Christian Conservatives", Bloomberg.com New, October 19, 2006". October 19, 2006.
191. "WCCO, Campaign Dialogue 2006, October 28, 2006". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008.
192. Burke, Daniel (July 15, 2011). "Michele Bachmann's former church explains pope 'anti-Christ' claims". Washington Post. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
193. "Hastert for Bachmann". Minnesota Public Radio. June 28, 2006. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012.
194. "Rove to Help Bachmann Raise Campaign Cash". Archived from the original on October 21, 2008.
195. Anderson, G.R., Jr. (October 4, 2006). "The Chosen One". City Pages. Minneapolis. Archived from the original on August 8, 2010.
196. "Cheney Headlines Today's Fund Raiser". Archived from the original on July 2, 2006.
197. "Joshua Freed, "Ellison, Walz grab seats, Bachmann holds 6th for the GOP"".
198. "Results from Congressional District 06". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. With all precincts reported, Bachmann won 46.41% to 43.43%.
199. Sommerhauser, Mark (November 3, 2010). "Bachmann re-elected to US Congress". St. Cloud Times. St. Cloud, MN. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
200. "Live blog from the New Hampshire 2012 presidential debate". politicalticker ... CNN. June 13, 2011.
201. "Bachmann makes official 2012 presidential announcement". CNN. June 28, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
202. Oliphant, James (August 13, 2011). "Bachmann wins Iowa straw poll as Perry looms". Los Angeles Times.
203. "Michele Bachmann cancels South Carolina trip". Charleston, SC: WCBD-TV. NBC News and Associated Press. January 4, 2011. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012.
204. Goldman, Russell (January 4, 2011). "Michele Bachmann Drops Out of Presidential Race". ABC News.
205. "Michele Bachmann says she'll seek 4th term in Congress after failed presidential bid". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Associated Press. January 25, 2012. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
206. Is Michele Bachmann toast? Archived November 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine By CHARLES MAHTESIAN | July 20, 2012
207. Diaz, Kevin (November 8, 2012). "Close call for Bachmann". Star Tribune.
208. "'Core of Conviction': Michele Bachmann tells her story – books – TODAY.com". Today.msnbc.msn.com. November 21, 2011. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
209. "Michele Bachmann shares her life story with voters in 'Core of Conviction'". CSMonitor.com. November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
210. "Michele Bachmann: 'It's High Time We Have a Mother in the White House' | Christianity Today | A Magazine of Evangelical Conviction". Christianity Today. November 22, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
211. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (July 18, 2011). "The Education of Marcus Bachmann". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
212. Parker, Ashley (April 4, 2011). "Michele Bachmann". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
213. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 15, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
214. Shear, Michael D. (June 30, 2011). "Bachmann's Views on Abortion Shaped by Miscarriage" Archived May 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times.
215. La Paglia, Bernadette (October 6, 2004). "Senator lectures on educational complacency". Naples Sun Times. Naples, FL: Scripps Interactive Newspapers Group. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
216. Perks, Ashley (September 15, 2008). "Understanding the beauty-queen politician". TheHill. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
217. Mak, Tim (May 8, 2012). "Michele Bachmann claims Swiss citizenship". Politico. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
218. "Interview Michele Bachmann on Swiss Citizenship – extended version". Swiss Television. SRG SSR. May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
219. Geiger, Kim (May 10, 2012). "Bachmann Downplays Swiss Citizenship". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2020.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
220. "Michele Bachman decides not be Swiss after all". The Guardian. London. Associated Press. May 11, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
221. Karnowski, Steve (May 10, 2012). "Michele Bachmann giving up Swiss citizenship". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
222. "Bachmann Talks about 2012" Archived July 18, 2012, at Archive.today, The Des Moines Register, October 20, 2009.
223. Marrapodi, Eric (July 15, 2011). "Michele Bachmann officially leaves her church" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. CNN Belief Blog. CNN.
224. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/us/politics/17bachmann.html. (Neroulias, Nicole (July 25, 2011). "Poll: Americans want religious presidents, but are vague on details". Religion News Service. Archived from the original on September 12, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.).
225. Carter, Joe (August 10, 2011). "A Journalism Lesson for The New Yorker". First Things. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
226. Domenech, Ben (August 8, 2011). "In Bachmann Attack, Ryan Lizza Smears Francis Schaeffer". The New Ledger. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
227. Hankins, Barry (August 15, 2011). "The New Yorker and Evangelicalism". The American Spectator. Archived from the original on October 10, 2011.
228. Posner, Sarah (July 11, 2011). "God's Law is the Only Law: The Genesis of Michele Bachmann". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
229. Posner, Sarah (August 8, 2011). "Perry's Challenge to Bachmann for Religious Right Vote". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
230. "Meet Dr. Bachmann". Bachmann & Associates Inc. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
231. "The Education of Marcus Bachmann". The New York Times. July 18, 2011.
232. Kennedy, Tony (July 15, 2011). "Marcus Bachmann says his clinics not anti-gay". Star Tribune. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
233. Bakst, Brian (June 29, 2011). "Public money puts Republican Bachmann on defensive". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
234. Richard A. Serrano (June 27, 2011). "Michele Bachmann denies benefiting from government aid". Los Angeles Times.
235. Blake, Mariah (July 8, 2011). "'God Has Created You for Heterosexuality': Clinics Owned by Michele Bachmann's Husband Practice Ex-Gay Therapy". The Nation. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
236. Birkey, Andy (June 4, 2010). "Bachmann's Christian counseling clinic receives state funds". Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
237. Bakst, Brian (July 12, 2011). "Clinic tied to Bachmann questioned over therapies". Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
238. Haberman, Maggie (July 11, 2011). "ABC News probes gay 'cure' claims about Bachmann clinic". Politico. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
239. Mason, Melanie; Gold, Matea (June 26, 2011). "Bachmann's had her share of government aid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
240. Woodward, Calvin; Drinkard, Jim (June 28, 2011). "Michele Bachmann bomblets raising eyebrows". Boston Herald. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012.

External links

• Michele Bachmann at Curlie
• Politifact.com File on Michele Bachmann
• Michele Bachmann at Minnesota Legislators Past & Present
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Profile at Vote Smart
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• 2008 campaign finance data from OpenSecrets.org
• 2010 campaign finance data from OpenSecrets.org

Minnesota Senate
Preceded by Gary Laidig	Member of the Minnesota Senate from the 56th district 2001–2003	Succeeded by Brian LeClair
Preceded by Satveer Chaudhary	Member of the Minnesota Senate from the 52nd district 2003–2007	Succeeded by Ray Vandeveer
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Mark Kennedy	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's 6th congressional district 2007–2015	Succeeded by Tom Emmer
Party political offices
New office	Chair of the Tea Party Caucus 2010–2015	Succeeded by Tim Huelskamp