Mark Harper

Mark James Harper (born 26 February 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician[1] who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Forest of Dean constituency since 2005. He has previously served as a junior minister in the Cabinet Office, Immigration Minister and Minister for Disabled People. He was the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons from May 2015 to July 2016, before being sacked by incoming Prime Minister Theresa May in 2016. Harper was a candidate for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 leadership contest.

For the Guyanese cricketer, see Mark Harper (cricketer). For the American football player, see Mark Harper (American football).

The Right Honourable Mark Harper MP
Chief Whip of the House of Commons Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
In office 9 May 2015 – 14 July 2016
Prime Minister	David Cameron
Preceded by	Michael Gove
Succeeded by	Gavin Williamson
Minister of State for Disabled People
In office 15 July 2014 – 8 May 2015
Prime Minister	David Cameron
Preceded by	Mike Penning
Succeeded by	Justin Tomlinson
Minister of State for Immigration
In office 4 September 2012 – 8 February 2014
Prime Minister	David Cameron
Preceded by	Damian Green
Succeeded by	James Brokenshire
Minister for the Constitution
In office 11 May 2010 – 4 September 2012
Prime Minister	David Cameron
Preceded by	Dawn Butler
Succeeded by	Chloe Smith
Shadow Cabinet positions Shadow Minister for Disabled People In office 3 July 2007 – 11 May 2010 Leader David Cameron Preceded by Jeremy Hunt Succeeded by Margaret Curran
Member of Parliament for Forest of Dean
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 May 2005
Preceded by	Diana Organ
Majority	15,869 (30.7%)
Personal details
Born	Mark James Harper (1970-02-26) 26 February 1970 Swindon, Wiltshire, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Margaret Harper
Alma mater	Brasenose College, Oxford

Harper was born in Swindon and studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Brasenose College, Oxford. He was a chartered accountant before his election to Parliament.

Education and career before politics

Harper was born in Swindon, Wiltshire, and educated at the Headlands Comprehensive School and Swindon College. He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Brasenose College, Oxford where he studied under Professor Vernon Bogdanor.[2]

Upon graduation in 1991, Harper joined KPMG as an auditor. After qualifying as a chartered accountant, he joined Intel Corporation. In 2002, he left Intel to set up his own accountancy practice.[3]

Election to Westminster

Prior to entering Parliament, Harper was the treasurer of the Swindon Conservative Association and served as Vice-Chairman for a year in 1998.

He contested the Gloucestershire seat of Forest of Dean at the 2001 general election, but was defeated by the sitting Labour MP Diana Organ. Organ retired at the 2005 general election and Harper gained the seat for the Conservatives with a majority of 2,049 votes; which was the same number of votes by which he was defeated at the previous election.[4] At the same general election, Harper's wife, Margaret, stood for election as the Conservative candidate in Worcester, where she finished in a close second place to the Labour candidate, Michael Foster.

At the 2010 general election, Harper increased his majority to more than 11,000 votes. At the 2015 general election, his majority decreased by 77 votes.

Parliamentary career

On 24 May 2005, Harper made his maiden speech,[5] in which he advocated giving the parents of children with special educational needs the option of sending their children to a non-mainstream school – an issue of local interest in Harper's Gloucestershire seat and one close to the heart of the then Shadow Education Secretary, David Cameron, whose son Ivan was born with severe learning difficulties.[6] When Cameron was elected leader of the party in December 2005, he made Harper a spokesman on armed forces welfare issues and veterans.

Harper has sat on the Commons Administration Committee and briefly on the Work and Pensions Committee. On matters of foreign policy, he has consistently voted in support of British military intervention overseas.[7] Harper was described in 2015 as a Eurosceptic.[8] Even so, he campaigned to remain in the European Union during the 2016 referendum on ending the UK's membership.[9]

The scandal over MPs' expenses showed Harper to be a frugal parliamentarian: his only significant expenses claim was for a brief period of temporary accommodation occupied on a short-term basis soon after being elected in 2005.[10]

In the reshuffle of July 2007, Harper was made Shadow Minister for Disabled People – a position he held until the general election in 2010.[11][12]

Junior Minister at the Cabinet Office

Soon after the general election in 2010, Harper became Under Secretary of State for Political and Constitutional Reform in the Cabinet Office.[13] There he worked with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg on the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 that would offer the electorate a switch from 'first-past-the-post' to the Alternative Vote system for electing MPs (Harper was not enthusiastic about the proposal,[2] which had been a key bargaining chip in the Coalition negotiations in May 2010). The Act also aimed to change the shapes of parliamentary constituencies and introduce fixed-term parliaments.[14] On 5 May 2011, the referendum was held and voters rejected the proposed switch to the Alternative Vote system. Fixed-term parliaments became law later that year in a separate Act but the changes to constituency boundaries, which would have been advantageous to the Tories, never materialised.

In October 2010, the Government introduced the Public Bodies Bill to the House of Lords,[15] which would allow it to sell or lease public forests in England. Harper defended the proposals, describing them as an "exciting opportunity for community ownership." However, they were widely criticised by many residents within his Forest of Dean constituency[16][17] and by politicians with connections to the large oak forest after which Harper's parliamentary seat is named – including Baroness Jan Royall, Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords. Following a public meeting – after which Harper had to be rescued by the police[18] from what he described as "a baying mob" – and a sustained national campaign which included the newly formed local Forest of Dean pressure group Hands off our Forest, the government announced it had abandoned its plans and would remove the forestry clauses from the Public Bodies Bill.[19][20][21]

Harper worked on the House of Lords Reform Bill, which set out to introduce a smaller second chamber consisting mostly of elected peers. This was a Liberal Democrat policy that had also been mentioned as an aspiration in the Conservative Party's manifesto of 2010. In July 2012, 91 Conservative MPs defied the whips and voted with Labour against the proposals, something which led the Coalition Government to abandon the planned reform soon afterwards.[22]

Immigration Minister

In the reshuffle of September 2012, Harper was promoted to Minister of State for Immigration at a time when levels of inward migration were falling but emigration rates were falling faster still, leading to a rise in net migration into the UK.[23]

Over the summer of 2013, Harper trialled a campaign aimed at illegal immigrants that consisted, in part, of lorries with hoardings attached to their load areas driving around London displaying the sign "Here Illegally? Go Home or Risk Arrest" with more information in smaller print on how to contact the Home Office for advice. The scheme was seen as offensive by some and it divided opinion within the Coalition's ministerial team.[24] In October 2013, Harper told MPs: "The advertising vans in particular were too much of a blunt instrument and will not be used again".[25][26]

Harper resigned as immigration minister on 8 February 2014, after he discovered that his self-employed cleaner did not have permission to work in the UK. In his resignation letter, Harper stated that he first made checks on his cleaner in 2007 and "considered the issue again" when appointed a minister in the Cabinet Office in 2010 and immigration minister in September 2012 but had concluded that "no further check was necessary". After launching a campaign to get employers and landlords to carry out "reasonable checks" on workers, Harper said that he thought it prudent to check the documents again, but could not locate them, and asked his cleaner for new copies. When his private office checked the details with immigration officials, it was found she did not have indefinite leave to stay in the UK. He immediately told Home Secretary Theresa May, and then after notifying Prime Minister David Cameron, he resigned. He was replaced by James Brokenshire.[27][28]

Minister for Disabled People

The ministerial reshuffle in July 2014 saw Harper restored to office in the role of Minister for Disabled People at the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).[29] He took over responsibility for the relatively new Personal Independence Payment (PIP), as well as for the dysfunctional Work Capability Assessment (WCA) used to assess entitlement to Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) - a legacy of New Labour. Both operations were plagued by large backlogs of unassessed claims.[30]

In October of that year, the Office for Budget Responsibility disclosed that Harper's department had failed to make the anticipated £3 billion annual saving in incapacity benefits spending expected by 2014 (the DWP achieved no saving at all from this budget over the whole of the 2010–15 parliamentary term).[31]

Harper attracted media attention and accusations of hypocrisy in late-2014 when, as Minister for Disabled People, he called for businesses to improve disabled access. Newspapers were quick to report the fact that his own constituency office did not have proper disabled access.[32][33]

In January 2015, Harper appeared before the Work and Pensions Select Committee to face questions over the problems with PIP.[34] A former senior civil servant appointed by the DWP to review PIP had found the scheme beset by "delays and backlogs" and had described the process, which was introduced by another minister in April 2013, as still representing "a major delivery challenge." Macmillan benefits advisers had told the reviewer that people had died while waiting for their PIP claim to be processed. The MS Society described these delays as unacceptable and some charities called for the PIP scheme to be halted.[35]

In February 2015, Harper was interviewed by the BBC about David Cameron's request to Professor Dame Carol Black that she advise him on whether withholding ESA claimants' benefits if they were obese or addicted to alcohol or drugs would encourage them to undergo further treatment. Harper described this approach as "a very sensible move on the part of the Prime Minister".[36] The idea met resistance from the medical profession[37] and nothing came of it.

In March 2015, the US firm Maximus began carrying out WCAs in place of Atos under a completely new contract that would cost almost £600 million and run until late 2018.[38] There was initial optimism within Whitehall that a new contract and a new provider would mean the start of a new chapter in fit-for-work assessment, although two House of Commons select committees - the Work and Pensions Committee and the Public Accounts Committee - had between them concluded that the DWP's policies, its operational decisions and its failure to monitor Atos adequately were to blame for many of the assessment's earlier failings.[39][40][41] A review by the National Audit Office of the performance of the new contract in its first year was sceptical about its value for money,[42] although the WCA backlog had been virtually eliminated by the spring of 2016.

By the time he left the DWP, Harper had brought about a substantial reduction in the size of the backlog of PIP claims as well. This was achieved by: drafting in hundreds more DWP decision-makers; assessing more claims on the basis of the documents supplied by claimants, rather than through more time-consuming face-to-face assessments; changing the way that waiting times were measured; and streamlining the whole end-to-end process.[43][44]

Government Chief Whip

Harper was promoted to Chief Whip after the Conservative general election victory in May 2015.

In October 2015, the right-of-centre political website ConservativeHome tipped Harper to replace Iain Duncan Smith at the Department for Work and Pensions or become Energy and Climate Change Secretary over the medium term.[45]

In December 2015, after a vote in favour of using Britain's military capabilities against the self-styled Islamic State in Syria, the London Evening Standard reported that: "David Cameron dashed to the Government whips' office to congratulate Chief Whip Mark Harper following the Commons vote on the war, which saw MPs back action after a 10-hour debate".[46]

In July 2017, when Theresa May pledged to repeal the Hunting Act 2004 which would allow fox hunting to be legalised, Harper stood by his belief that the Act should be repealed. He said: "If we were faced with the same pledge as last time I would vote to repeal the Act, I did not agree with it being banned and I am not opposed to hunting. I don't see any problem with it. That is consistent with the position I have taken at each election."[47]

Political views

Harper in 2016 campaigned for Remain in the EU referendum.[48]

References

1. "Democracy Live - Your representatives - Mark Harper". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
2. Wintour, Patrick (12 August 2010). "Mark Harper backs first-past-the-post: meet the man reshaping our politics". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
3. "Mark Harper". Politics.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
4. Leighton, Neil (6 May 2005). "Tug-of-war seat returns to Tories". BBC News.
5. "Health and Education". theyworkforyou.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
6. "David Cameron: My personal crusade to save special schools". The Independent. 7 June 2005. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
7. "Mark Harper". theyworkforyou.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
8. "Swindon Conservatives". 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
9. Langton, Kaisha (31 May 2019). "Tory leadership: Who is Mark Harper? Does he support no deal Brexit?". Express.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
10. "mp claiming of expenses". What do they know. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
11. "Rt Hon Mark Harper MP". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
12. Pitt, Vern (11 February 2010). "Interview: Mark Harper, Conservative disability spokesperson". CommunityCare.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
13. "Constitutional Reform – Who's who". Cabinet Office. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
14. "David Cameron says AV is 'obscure, unfair and expensive' as coalition divisions exposed". Telegraph.co.uk. 18 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
15. "Public Bodies Bill [HL]". parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
16. "Support is growing in the Forest of Dean against rumoured plans to privatise parts of the Forest of Dean". Gloucester Citizen. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012.
17. "CAMPAIGNERS battling to keep Forest of Dean woodlands out of private hands are rallying forces". Gloucester Citizen. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012.
18. Mendick, Robert; Lefort, Rebecca (5 February 2011). "Minister confronted by protesters as tempers flare over forest sell-off". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
19. Watt, Nicholas (17 February 2011). "Forest sell-off abandoned: I'm sorry, I got it wrong, says Caroline Spelman". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
20. "Sale of forests in England scrapped". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
21. "Forest sale axed: Caroline Spelman says 'I'm sorry'". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
22. "Everything you need to know - from Brexit to a broken foot - about Mark Harper as Forest of Dean MP launches bid to be Prime Minister". Gloucestershire Live. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
23. "Net migration to UK increases - Office for National Statistics". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
24. Holehouse, Matthew (18 October 2013). "'Go Home' vans could be introduced across Britain, says immigration minister". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
25. "Home Office's 'Go Home' immigration vans campaign overwhelmed by hoax texts and calls". Telegraph.co.uk. 31 October 2013. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
26. Patrick Wintour (22 October 2013). "'Go home' vans to be scrapped after experiment deemed a failure". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
27. "Immigration minister Mark Harper quits over cleaner's visa". BBC News. 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
28. "Immigration Minister Mark Harper resigns after employing a cleaner working in the UK illegally". The Independent. 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
29. "The Rt Hon Mark Harper MP". www.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
30. Michael Buchanan (30 October 2014). "Cuts to employment and support allowance 'considered'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
31. "Office for Budget Responsibility". Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
32. "MP in 'hypocrisy' row over disabled access". Forest of Dean and Wye Valley Review. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
33. "Harper stays silent over his "totally unacceptable" office access measures". Disability News Service. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
34. "Minister for Disabled People gives evidence in one-off session". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
35. Amelia Gentleman (27 January 2015). "Delays and disarray shatter lives of new disability claimants". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
36. "Obese could lose benefits if they refuse treatment - PM". BBC News. February 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
37. Simon Wessely; Greg Smith (29 July 2015). "Linking benefits to treatment is unethical, and probably illegal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
38. "Work capability assessments: One million disability checks planned". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
39. "Employment and Support Allowance needs fundamental redesign, say MPs". 23 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
40. Andrew Grice (22 July 2014). "Replacing Atos with another private provider will not solve flaws in". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
41. "Atos was 'lightning rod' for anger over benefit changes". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
42. "Maximus miss fitness-to-work test targets despite spiralling cost". The Guardian. 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
43. "Work and Pensions Committee - Oral Evidence: Progress with PIP implementation 2014". 10 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
44. "Work and Pensions Committee - Oral Evidence: progress with disability and incapacity benefit reforms". 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
45. "The Cabinet: Who's up, down…and likely to be out". Conservative Home. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
46. "RAF jets blitz ISIS oilfield in Syria". London Evening Standard. 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
47. Falconer, Ben (11 May 2017). "Which Conservative candidates would vote to bring back fox hunting". Gloucestershire: Gloucestershire Live. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
48. "Tory leadership: Who is Mark Harper? Does he support no deal Brexit?". 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

External links

• Mark Harper MP official constituency website
• Profile at the Conservative Party
• Profile at the Cabinet Office
• Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
• Voting record at Public Whip
• Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
• Forest of Dean Conservatives

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Diana Organ	Member of Parliament for the Forest of Dean 2005–present	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Andrew Robathan	Shadow Minister for Forces Families and Welfare 2005–2007	Succeeded by Andrew Murrison
Preceded by Jeremy Hunt	Shadow Minister for the Disabled 2007–2010	Position abolished
Preceded by Damian Green	Minister of State for Immigration 2012–2014	Succeeded by James Brokenshire as Minister of State for Security and Immigration
Preceded by Mike Penning	Minister of State for Disabled People 2014–2015	Succeeded by Justin Tomlinson
Preceded by Michael Gove	Chief Whip of the House of Commons 2015–2016	Succeeded by Gavin Williamson
	Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury 2015–2016
Party political offices
Preceded by Michael Gove	Conservative Chief Whip of the House of Commons 2015–2016	Succeeded by Gavin Williamson