Livonia, Michigan

Livonia is a city in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a large suburb of Detroit, with an array of traditional neighborhoods (most of which were built in the 1950s and 1960s) connected to the metropolitan area by freeways. The population was 96,942 at the 2010 census, making it Michigan's ninth largest municipality.[5]

Livonia, Michigan
City
City of Livonia
Livonia City Hall
Location within Wayne County
Livonia
Location within the state of Michigan
Coordinates: 42°23′50″N 83°22′25″W
Country United States
State Michigan
County Wayne
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorMaureen Miller Brosnan
Area
 • City35.85 sq mi (92.86 km2)
 • Land35.70 sq mi (92.45 km2)
 • Water0.16 sq mi (0.41 km2)
Elevation
640 ft (206 m)
Population
 • City96,942
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
93,665
 • Density2,624.04/sq mi (1,013.15/km2)
 • Metro
4,285,832 (Metro Detroit)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Zip code(s)
48150, 48151, 48152, 48153, 48154
Area code(s)734, 248
FIPS code26-49000
GNIS feature ID0630841[4]
WebsiteOfficial website

The municipality is a part of Metro Detroit, and is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of downtown Detroit, and less than two miles (3 km) from the western city limits of Detroit (Redford Township lies between the two).

History

After most members of the indigenous tribes were pushed out of the area, ethnic European-American pioneers from New England and New York settled here. The borders of Livonia Township were defined by the Legislature of the Territory of Michigan on March 17, 1835.

The settlers named the community "Livonia", after Livonia, New York, a town in the western part of the state from where many had migrated.[6][7][8]

Livonia Township was split off from Nankin Township, in which a Livonia post office had been established in June 1834.[9] During the days of the township, a number of small communities developed. One of these was Elmwood, initially known as McKinley's Station. It was a stop on the Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad. It had a separate post office from 1858 until 1906.[10] Another post office in the township was Giltedge, which operated from 1899 until 1902.[11]

Livonia was incorporated as a city on May 23, 1950, by vote of the citizens of the township. An incentive was that this status would allow the residents to gain tax revenues from the Detroit Race Course (DRC). From 1985 it ran only harness racing for Standardbred, and the track closed in 1998, when the large property was sold for redevelopment. The last race tracks operating in the state were Hazel Park Raceway, which closed in 2018, and Northville Downs, which closed in 2019.

Among the immigrants attracted to Detroit for its industrial jobs in the 20th century have been Palestinian and Lebanese Christians, as well as Muslims. By 1985, Palestinian Christians had settled in Livonia, as well as the western suburbs of Farmington and Westland.[12]</ref> As of 2005, there were a number of Christian Palestinian Americans who had immigrated from Ramallah. They have developed and operated several small and medium-sized businesses.[13]

Six U.S. presidents have visited Livonia: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.[14]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.86 square miles (92.88 km2), of which 35.70 square miles (92.46 km2) is land and 0.16 square miles (0.41 km2) is water.[15]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
19001,460—
19101,365−6.5%
19201,60817.8%
19303,19298.5%
19408,728173.4%
195017,634102.0%
196066,702278.3%
1970110,10965.1%
1980104,814−4.8%
1990100,850−3.8%
2000100,545−0.3%
201096,942−3.6%
Est. 201993,665[3]−3.4%
U.S. Decennial Census
2018 Estimate[16]

According to a 2010 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $65,391, and the median income for a family was $77,119. Males had a median income of $62,071 versus $42,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,536. About 5.4% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 96,942 people, 38,714 households, and 26,856 families living in the city. The population density was 2,715.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,048.5/km2). There were 40,401 housing units at an average density of 1,131.7 per square mile (437.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% White, 3.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 38,714 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.6% were non-families. Of all households 26.7% were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.01.

The median age in the city was 44.5 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 31.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.[17]

2000 census

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 100,545 people, 38,089 households, and 28,071 families living in the city. The population density was 2,815.0 per square mile (1,086.8/km2). There were 38,658 housing units at an average density of 1,082.3 per square mile (417.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.45% White, 0.95% African American, 0.22% Native American, 1.94% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.72% of the population. 16.3% were of Polish, 15.9% German, 11.2% Irish, 8.6% Italian and 8.5% English ancestry according to Census 2000. Livonia has a substantial Middle Eastern population mostly Arab and trace their ancestry to the Levant region, mainly from Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon, and are of the Christian faith. The Arab-American community has few churches in the city, Mainly Saint Mary's Antiochian Orthodox Christian Church. The community settled in Livonia in the late 1960s and has since continued a steady growth.

There were 38,089 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. Of all households 22.9% were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% was from 18 to 24, 28.7% was from 25 to 44, 24.3% was from 45 to 64, and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

As of 2000, Livonia was the city in the United States with over 100,000 people that had the highest percentage of non-Hispanic white people.[19]

Economy
Laurel Park Place, east entrance

In addition to its schools, colleges, churches, parks, recreation center, libraries and the St. Mary Mercy Hospital, Livonia also has commercial and industrial sectors, restaurants and retail stores. Laurel Park Place, an upscale fashion mall with 74 stores, was built in 1989 at 6 Mile Road and Newburgh Road. Carson's and Von Maur department stores serve as anchors.

The city previously featured two other malls which have since been dismantled. Wonderland Mall was the first, opening in 1959 and closing in 2003; it was replaced with a development called Wonderland Village, anchored by Walmart and Target. Livonia Mall was built to the north in 1964. It also closed in 2008 and was redeveloped as Livonia Marketplace, featuring a second Walmart, along with Sears and Kohl's. Other big-box stores are located near Laurel Park Place.

Livonia is home to the Livonia Hockey Association, the largest amateur hockey association in Michigan, as well as two-time state champions the Livonia Knights. The city also boasts the Livonia City Soccer Club, one of the largest soccer programs in the state, with 1,300 participants.

Leading employers
  1. Ford Motor Company
  2. Trinity Health
  3. Livonia Public Schools
  4. St. Mary Mercy Hospital
  5. NYX, Inc
  6. ZF Automotive
  7. Schoolcraft College
  8. Roush Performance
  9. United Parcel Service
  10. Mastronardi Produce[20]

Arts and culture

The Livonia Public Library includes the Civic Center Library, the Alfred Noble Library, the Carl Sandburg Library, and the Vest Pocket Library.[21]

Government

Livonia's mayor is Maureen Miller Brosnan. The city is located in Michigan's 11th congressional district. Livonia is in Michigan's 7th State Senate District, and is represented by Dayna Polehanki (Democrat).

Most of Livonia makes up Michigan's 19th State House District which elected Laurie Pohutsky (Democrat) in 2018. A part of southeast Livonia is in the 11th district which is represented by, Jewell Jones (Democrat).

Education

Colleges and universities
Madonna University

Various private and public colleges and universities are located in Livonia, including Madonna University, Schoolcraft College, and a small University of Phoenix campus. The most recent university to open in Livonia is a Davenport University campus, which opened in 2008.

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools
Livonia Public Schools administration

Most of Livonia is served by the Livonia Public Schools district, consisting of two early childhood centers, thirteen elementary schools, four upper elementary Schools, three middle schools and three high schools. The district also serves students in portions of Westland. A portion of northeast Livonia is served by the Clarenceville School District.

There are currently five high schools in Livonia, four of which are public: Franklin, Churchill and Stevenson high schools in the Livonia Public Schools district; Clarenceville High School in the Clarenceville Public School District; and Ladywood High School, a Catholic all-girls private school run by the Felician Sisters. Bentley High School, the first one built in the district, closed in 1985.

Each high school in the Livonia Public School District offers a different educational program. Stevenson High School is the home of the school of Global Education, an alternative education model which combines students' English and social studies classes with a focus on the student's role in the world. Churchill houses the MSC (Math/Science/Computer) and CAPA (Creative and Performing Arts) programs. Franklin currently offers an International Baccalaureate program for select students.

Frost Middle School houses the Middle School Alternative Classrooms for the Academically Talented (MACAT) program. The public K-6 Webster Elementary School is home to the Alternative Classrooms for the Academically Talented (ACAT) program, as well as many after-school programs. Webster also has classes for disabled children. In 2008, the original Webster school was burned down by an arsonist, and Webster was moved to a closed-down school, Tyler Elementary.

Alternative schools
  • CAPA, a performance art program at Churchill high school[22]
  • MSC (Math, Science, Computers) a program for the academically gifted housed at Churchill High School.

Private schools
  • Ladywood High School, a private, Roman Catholic, all-girls high school in Livonia
  • St. Edith and St. Michael Catholic grade schools
    • St. Michael the Archangel School - The school began on September 21, 1942, and the building used for the school had a second story installed after the archdiocese granted permission for this on November 9, 1943. The addition was installed from January to May 1944. There were 345 students for the 1944-1945 school year. On September 24, 1997 construction began for a new addition with a cost of $3.4 million. Costruction finished before September 8, 1998, with dedication on October 11 of that year. The addition included a cafeteria, a library, a gymnasium, a computer lab, and six classrooms.[23]
  • Peace Lutheran School (Pre-K-8)[24] and St. Paul's Lutheran School (Pre-K-8)[25] are affiliated with the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.

St. Genevieve Catholic School closed in 2016.[26]

Media

The Metro Detroit–area newspapers are the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News. The Livonia Observer is printed twice a week, on Thursdays and Sundays.[27]

The newspaper Between the Lines and the website PrideSource are headquartered in Livonia.[28]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Livonia has limited access to public bus service through the Detroit Department of Transportation.

In 2012, the National Motorists Association released the results of a public poll on the "Worst Speed Trap Cities" in North America. Livonia was listed at #2.[29]

Notable people

Images
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See also

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. "Livonia". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  5. "Population of Michigan Cities, Villages, Townships, and Remainders of Townships 2000–2009" (PDF). Michigan Department of Technology, Management, and Budget / CSSTP.
  6. MacGregor, David (2005). "Introduction". Livonia: Michigan. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-7385-3425-0. "The name Livonia was chosen because a number of the earliest settlers had come from western New York, where there was also a town named Livonia."
  7. City of Livonia.History. Retrieved on January 11, 2009.
  8. Romig, Walter (1986) [1973]. Michigan Place Names. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.
  9. Democratic Free Press (Detroit, Michigan) June 18, 1834, p. 2
  10. Walter Romig, Michigan Place Names, p. 182
  11. Romig, Michigan Place Names, p. 224
  12. Present Tense, Volumes 13–15. American Jewish Committee, 1985. p. 36
  13. Hassoun, Rosina J. Arab Americans in Michigan (Discovering the Peoples of Michigan). MSU Press, October 24, 2005. ISBN 1609170466, 9781609170462. p. PT21 of Google Books.
  14. "President Bush's Visit - Beaver Aerospace & Defense". beaver-online.com.
  15. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  16. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  17. Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  18. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  19. "Race and Ethnicity in the Tri-County Area: Selected Communities and School Districts." (Archive) From a Child's Perspective: Detroit Metropolitan Census 2000 Fact Sheets Series. Wayne State University. June 2002. Volume 2, Issue 2. p. 1. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  20. "Leading Employers in Livonia (May 2017)". Livonia Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  21. "Hours and Locations Archived 2010-03-27 at the Wayback Machine." Livonia Public Library. Retrieved on March 29, 2010.
  22. "Characteristics of creative thinking psychology". www.starringcapa.com. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  23. "Our History". St. Michael the Archangel. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  24. "Peace Lutheran School".
  25. "St. Paul's Lutheran School".
  26. "St. Raphael, St. Genevieve, St. Damian schools close". Detroit Free Press. 2016-06-14. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  27. "Observer and Eccentric Livonia Observer". HometownLife. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  28. "About Us Archived 2014-04-27 at the Wayback Machine". PrideSource. Retrieved on April 14, 2014. "Mailing address Pride Source Media Group Between The Lines Newspaper 20222 Farmington Road Livonia, Michigan 48152"
  29. "Nationwide Poll Reveals Top U.S. and Canadian Speed Traps" (PDF). National Motorists Association. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012.
  30. NHL Players from Livonia, Michigan | QuantHockey.com Last retrieved on March 19, 2011
  31. Merrill, Elizabeth (August 22, 2008). "Taormina takes solace in knowing she didn't quit on her Olympic dream". ESPN. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

Further reading
  • Cantor, George (2005). Detroit: An Insiders Guide to Michigan. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-03092-2.
  • Fisher, Dale (2003). Building Michigan: A Tribute to Michigan's Construction Industry. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN 1-891143-24-7.
  • Fisher, Dale (2005). Southeast Michigan: Horizons of Growth. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN 1-891143-25-5.
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