ZF Friedrichshafen

ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen, and commonly abbreviated to ZF (ZF = "Zahnradfabrik" = "Gear Factory"), is a German car parts maker headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German state of Baden-Württemberg.

ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Aktiengesellschaft (JSC)
IndustryEngineering & manufacturing:
Automotive industry (car and CV),
rail transport,
marine engineering,
aviation
PredecessorZepernicker Zahnradfabrik
Founded20 August 1915 (1915-08-20)
FounderFerdinand von Zeppelin 
Headquarters
Friedrichshafen, Baden-Württemberg
,
Germany
Number of locations
241 production locations in 41 countries
Area served
Worldwide[1]
Key people
ProductsTransmission systems,[1]
steering, axles components, Electronic Systems, Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), Inflatable Restraint Systems/Airbag, Seat Belt Systems, Brake Systems
ServicesDesign, Research and development
Revenue €36,518 Million (2019)[3]
€927 million (2019)[3]
€ 400 million (2019)[3]
Total assets € 14,816 billion (2019)[3]
Total equity € 6,821 billion (2019)[3]
Number of employees
 147,797 (2019)[3]
DivisionsCar Powertrain Technology,[1]
Car Chassis Technology,[1]
Commercial Vehicle Technology,[1]
Industrial Technology,[1]
E-Mobility,[1]
Aftermarket,[1]
Electronics & ADAS,[1]
Passive Safety Systems,[1]
Active Safety Systems,[1]
Commercial Vehicle Control Systems (WABCO)
WebsiteZF.com

Specialising in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in the automotive industry. It is a worldwide supplier of driveline and chassis technology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialist plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in rail, marine, defence and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 241 production locations in 41 countries with approximately 148,000 (2019) employees.

ZF Friedrichshafen is more than 90% owned by the Zeppelin Foundation, which is largely controlled by the town of Friedrichshafen.[4]

History
Ferdinand von Zeppelin in 1915

The company was founded in 1915 in Zepernick,[5] Germany by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, to produce gears for Zeppelins and other airships. Zeppelin was unable to otherwise obtain gears for his airships. The German Zahnradfabrik (ZF) translates to 'gear factory' in English.

By 1919, ZF had moved into the automobile market, a move consolidated by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Some of the most important milestones that followed:

  • 1920: Patent application submitted for the Soden pre-selector transmission.
  • 1921: Under a rampant inflation and investor fears, the company went public as the Zepernicker Zahnradfabrik, with the Zeppelin Luftschiffbau GmbH holding 80% of the stock options, valued at 4 million Marks.
  • 1927: Moved to Friedrichshafen and changed the name to ZF Friedrichshafen
  • 1929: A thriving auto industry warrants the series production of the innovative helical ZF Aphon transmission for cars and commercial vehicles.
  • 1932: Launch of steering systems production under license. Today: ZF Lenksysteme GmbH.
  • 1944: On 3 August,[6] the Zahnradfabrik was bombed by the Fifteenth Air Force as a secondary target.[7] As early as 20 September 1942, Albert Speer had warned Hitler of how important the Friedrichshafen tank engine production and the Schweinfurt ball-bearing facilities were.[8] After the bombing, the company was relocated to former location, Zepernick until the 1970s.
  • 1953: Market launch of the first fully synchronised transmission for commercial vehicles worldwide.
  • 1961: Development of a fully automatic transmission for passenger cars. With series production beginning in 1969, and later proving highly popular, the 3HP20 is built to be swappable with the company's manual transmissions. The 1960s sees ZF supplying transmissions to major German automakers (including DKW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and BMW) as well as Peugeot and Alfa Romeo.
  • 1977: Start of volume production for automatic transmissions for commercial vehicles. Worldwide subsidiaries and factories were opened in the 1970s, and the company moved into India and South Korea.
  • 1980s: ZF started operating in Asia in the mid 80s[9]
  • 1984: Majority shareholding gained in Lemförder Metallwaren AG, today ZF Lemförder GmbH.
  • 1986: Start of USA transmission production in Gainesville, Georgia, for pickup trucks. ZF became a major supplier to Ford in the 1980s.
  • 1991: The 5HP18 was the first 5-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars. Introduced in 1991 on the BMW E36 320i/325i and E34 5 Series
  • 1994: Development of an automatic transmission system for heavy commercial vehicles. The company expanded into China in the 1990s.
  • 1999: World premiere for the first automatic 6-speed transmission. Series production begins in 2001, with the BMW 7 Series as the first client. Today, ZF produces around one million six-speed automatic transmissions annually.
  • 2001: Acquisition of Mannesmann Sachs AG. Today: ZF Sachs AG.
  • 2001: Active Roll Stabilization(ARS) premiere on BMW 7 Series (E65)
  • 2002: Presentation of the world's first 4-point link – a newly developed chassis module for trucks and buses.
  • 2003: First deliveries of the Active Steering systems for passenger cars.
  • 2004: Ford starts volume production of the continuously variable transmissions (CVT) for passenger cars developed by ZF.
  • 2005: The 10-millionth airbag casing, the 5-millionth passenger car axle system and the 2-millionth 'Servolectric' electric power steering system are delivered.
  • 2006: ZF produces the 10-millionth passenger car automatic transmission.
  • 2007: One of the world's first 8-speed automatic transmissions,[10][11] the 8HP[12][13] boasted to achieve an 11% improvement in fuel economy in comparison with standard 6-speed automatic transmissions.[14] Production began in 2009.
  • 2008: Acquisition of keyboard manufacturers Cherry Corporation. Incorporated into the ZF Electronics GmbH Corporate Division.
  • 2011: World premiere for the first automatic 9-speed transmission.[15]
  • 2011: Production of 8-speed automatic transmission begins in Chrysler-owned plant in Kokomo, Indiana, USA, to supply Chrysler with RWD transmissions.

Land Rover will demonstrate the world's first nine-speed automatic transmission for a passenger car at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. The ZF 9HP transmission is designed for transverse applications, and is one of the most efficient and technically advanced transmissions ever used in a production vehicle. Land Rover is the lead partner with ZF on this project.

  • 2013: Jeep announces that ZF has developed a nine-speed automatic transmission for use in its all-new 2014 Jeep Cherokee (KL) midsized crossover utility vehicle.
  • 2013: ZF Opens Passenger Car Transmission Plant in the U.S. [16]
  • 2014: Acquires American auto parts manufacturer TRW Automotive for $13.5 billion.[17]
  • 2015: Acquires industrial gears and wind turbine gearbox segment from Bosch Rexroth (previously Lohmann & Stolterfoht).[18]
  • 2019: ZF to acquire software specialist for occupant recognition.[19]
  • 2019: ZF to acquire global auto part manufacturer WABCO.[20]
  • 2019: ZF to provide the entire electric powertrain of Mercedes EQC.[21][22]
  • 2020: ZF completes acquisition of WABCO, which will be integrated into ZF as its Commercial Vehicle Control Systems Division.[23]

Products
ZF 8HP70 Automatic Gearbox
Electric-vehicle drive unit

ZF Friedrichshafen products include automatic and manual transmissions for cars, trucks, buses and construction equipment; chassis components (ball joints, tie rods, cross-axis joints, stabiliser bars, control arms); shock absorbers and suspension struts; electronic damping systems including Continuous Damping Control (CDC), Active Roll Stabilization (ARS); clutches; torque converters; differentials; axle drives; and industrial drives.

ZF products include[24]

  • driveline technology (automatic, manual, servo, automated manual, special transmission, driveline components, rubber-metal technology, transfer case, hybrid system)
  • chassis technology (chassis components and modules, steering technology, suspension systems)
  • additional technologies (electronic/software, diagnostic systems, precision plastic technology, lubricants)
  • Axle systems and drops

Applications

Cars, trucks, buses & coaches, light commercial vehicles, off-road equipment, rail vehicles, helicopters, motorcycles, lift trucks, machine and system construction, test systems, civil mobile, cranes, and special marine, military and agricultural vehicles and machines.

In the ZF Lenksysteme division (a 50:50 joint venture between ZF and Bosch), steering systems and components are produced, including steering columns, gears and pumps; Electric Power Steering (EPS); and Active Steering.

With the rise in popularity of the automatic transmission in buses, ZF introduced the ZF AS Tronic.[25] The company also manufactures manual and automatic truck and bus transmissions. ZF transmissions are the ones used most commonly in buses. The Ecomat automatic transmission range which was introduced in 1980, is frequently used in buses.

ZF Lemförder and ZF Sachs AG are all divisions/business units of ZF, specialising in original equipment and aftermarket solutions for the automotive industry.

ZF-TRW
Main article: TRW Automotive

ZF-TRW Automotive, headquartered in Livonia, Michigan USA operations primarily surrounding the design, manufacture and sale of safety systems. It operated approximately 200 facilities with 66,100 employees in 26 vehicle-producing countries.

ZF-TRW was acquired in 2015 and now is the 'Active & Passive Safety Technology' division.

Business development
Wolf-Henning Scheider, CEO

In 1999 the steering systems division was made separate and became the new ZF Lenksysteme GmbH, an independent, 50:50 joint venture between ZF Friedrichshafen and Robert Bosch GmbH.

In 2007 ZF Friedrichshafen managed to increase its business volume about 8% to billion. The operating profit was about million. In 2008 ZF had a profit of million from a total business volume of billion. During the financial crisis ZF was one of the companies hit most. Its business volume decreased in turnover to billion. Total loss was about million. According to the current development ZF is forecasting sales growth of about 10%, which would be above the industry average.

Due to the financial crisis ZF received a credit of about million by KfW. At the end of the term, it has to be paid back with interest. Being a state bank, the KfW aid is not considered governmental support. ZF is about to save million without reducing its permanent staff. Contracts of short-term employees were not extended. Total number of employees was reduced from 63,000 to 59,000 worldwide. According to CEO Härter, there is no need for further employee reduction.[26]

On 16 September 2014, the Wall Street Journal reported that ZF agreed to acquire TRW Automotive Holdings for $13.5 billion. The acquisition would create the world's second largest automotive parts concern, ranked just behind Robert Bosch GmbH.[27] For clearing way to acquire TRW Automotive Holdings, ZF Friedrichshafen AG sold its stake in ZF Lenksysteme GmbH to Robert Bosch GmbH.[28] ZF Lenksysteme GmbH has now been renamed as Robert Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH.[29]

Business organisations

The business units are assigned to the Ten divisions:[1]

  • Car Powertrain Technology: Automatic Transmissions, Automated Manual Transmissions, Manual Transmissions, and Dual-Clutch Automatic Transmissions, Powertrain Modules
  • Car Chassis Technology: Chassis Systems, Chassis Components, Suspension Technology
  • Commercial Vehicle Technology: Truck & Van Driveline Technology, Axle & Transmission Systems for Buses & Coaches, CV Chassis Technology, CV Powertrain Modules, CV Steering Systems
  • Industrial Technology: Off-Highway Systems, Industrial Drives, Marine & Special Driveline Technology, Test Systems, Aviation Technology, Wind Power Technology
  • E-Mobility: Electronic Systems, Electric Traction Drive, Axle Drives, Electronic InterfacesSystem House
  • Aftermarket: Independent Aftermarket, Original Equipment Service/ Specific Original Equipment, Manufacturing, Friction Materials Group
  • Electronics & ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS,)Safety Electronics
  • Passive Safety Systems: Inflatable Restraint Systems, Seat Belt Systems, Steering Wheel Systems
  • Active Safety Systems: Foundation Brakes, Brake Controls, Rack Drive, Column Drive
  • Commercial Vehicle Control Systems (WABCO)

Overseas facilities

The ZF Group is represented across the world. The primary market is Europe, followed by the Asia-Pacific region, including Australia, North and South America and Middle East & Africa.

The company has six worldwide research and development (R&D) sites to provide product development related to the local markets. ZF invests approximately 5 percent of its sales revenue on R&D annually.

Global locations of ZF Friedrichshafen AG
  • Since 1973 ZF has played an active role in Great Britain. The manufacturing base in Darlaston provides Britain's automotive industry with chassis components, including Jaguar, BMW and Land Rover. ZF Great Britain Ltd. based in Nottingham has a remanufacturing facility and customer support operation.[30]
  • ZF participates in the NAFTA Region. With 16 locations, one R & D center near Detroit and about 4,700 employees, North America is an important market base. A manufacturing plant is currently being built in Laurens County, South Carolina. Groundbreaking took place in January 2011, and the facility was completed in April 2012, with production slated to begin in 2013.[31]
  • Due to the expansion of Asian vehicle manufacturers, ZF has focused strongly on China, Korea and Japan, but also Australia, included in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Liuzhou ZF Machinery Co., Ltd. Liuzhou, Guangxi, China is a joint venture company between Guangxi LiuGong Machinery Co., Ltd. of China and ZF Friedrichshafen AG of Germany to manufacture driveline and parts of driveline for construction machinery. Ratified by the People's Government of Guangxi, both shareholders signed the JV Contract in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, on Dec.12, 1995, and the business license was approved in the same year. Contribution Ratio: Guangxi LiuGong Machinery Co., Ltd.-49% ZF Friedrichshafen AG-51%
  • ZF has been represented in India with joint ventures and license partnerships for over three decades. In 2007, ZF India Private Ltd. commenced operations in Pune. The focus of production is on axles and off-road driveline technology and commercial vehicle technology. Together with the Head of ZF India, Piyush Munot, Strebl is in charge of setting up new production lines for the off-road axles and transmission systems. The upswing in the construction machinery sector is also apparent in ZF's performance on site: the assembly plant consists of factory buildings with a surface area of 2,500 sq m (approx. 27,000 sq ft) plus a 1,500-sq-m (approx. 16,000 sq ft) warehouse and an integrated aftermarket service facility.
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gollark: Yes, I noticed this when it was installing since it runs all the tests for some reason.
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gollark: Shouldn't it just... give the exact content of the response?

See also

References
  1. "ZF divisions and business units – Organization". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  2. "ZF Supervisory Board Appoints Wolf-Henning Scheider as ZF's new Chief Executive Officer". ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
  3. ZF Friedrichshafen AG. "Annual Report 2019" (PDF). ZF.com. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  4. "ZF Friedrichshafen AG Company Profile – D&B Hoovers". hoovers.com.
  5. Maudes Capital (24 September 2016). "Haldex AB Bidding War. Get It While You Can!". Seeking Alpha. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  6. "August 1944 Missions". www.15thaf.org.
  7. "August 1944". 461st Bombardment Group Association. 461st.org. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
  8. Speer, Albert (1970) [1969 – German: Erinnerungen (Recollections)]. Inside the Third Reich. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. New York and Toronto: Macmillan. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-684-82949-4. LCCN 70119132.
  9. ZF Tradition Archived 14 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine official website
  10. |title=8-speed automatic|url=http://www.lexus.eu/range/ls/key-features/engine/engine-8-speed-automatic.aspx%7Cwork=Lexus-Europe%7Cdate=%5B%5D 2009|publisher=Lexus.eu|accessdate=19 September 2009
  11. ZF develops 8-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars gizmag.com, 6. June 2010
  12. "ZF unveils new 8-speed automatic gearbox". PaulTan.org. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  13. "The freedom to exceed limits" (PDF). ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  14. "Fuel saving and minimizing CO2 emissions". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  15. "ZF Develops 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars". Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  16. "ZF Opens Passenger Car Transmission Plant in the U.S." Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  17. https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/15/us-trw-auto-hldg-m-a-zf-fridrichshfn-idUSKBN0HA1FM20140915 TRW Takeover
  18. "Acquisition perfect: ZF acquires industrial gears and wind turbine gearbox segment from Bosch Rexroth". ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
  19. "ZF to acquire software specialist for occupant recognition". Autocar Professional.
  20. "ZF to acquire WABCO". Autocar Professional.
  21. "Mercedes Delayed US Deliveries Of Its Electric EQC To Focus On EU Sales, But There Doesn't Seem To Be Any". Jalopnik.
  22. "Nur 19 Autos im November zugelassen – Mercedes' elektrischer Hoffnungsträger floppt". Welt.
  23. "ZF Completes WABCO Acquisition". PR Newswire. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  24. product overview Archived 28 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine official website, 2010
  25. AS Tronic Archived 10 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine pdf, May 2010
  26. "ZF erwartet Verlust". Auto, Motor und Sport. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  27. Boston, William (16 September 2014). "Merger creates auto-parts colossus". Wall Street Journal. p. B1.
  28. Boston, William (15 September 2014). "Bosch Agrees to Buy German Auto-Parts Supplier's Share in Steering Venture" – via www.wsj.com.
  29. http://www.bosch-automotive-steering.com/en/press/news/details/archive/2015/january/article/bosch-vollzieht-komplette-uebernahme-von-zf-lenksysteme.html?tx_ttnews[day]=30&cHash=3c6ac3dc58cec6509cefaea81f924cea
  30. locations worldwide Archived 5 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine official website, 2010
  31. locations worldwide Archived 6 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine official website, 2010
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