1992 South Korean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1992, the second democratic presidential elections since the end of military rule in 1987. Voter turnout was 81.9%.[1]

1992 South Korean presidential election

18 December 1992

Nominee Kim Young-sam Kim Dae-jung Chung Ju-yung Party Democratic Liberal Democratic Reunification National Popular vote 9,977,332 8,041,284 3,880,067 Percentage 42.0% 33.8% 16.3%

Results by province and city ■ – Kim Young-sam ■ – Kim Dae-jung

President before election Roh Tae-woo Democratic Liberal Elected President Kim Young-sam Democratic Liberal

Background

On 22 January 1990, two opposition leaders Kim Young-Sam and Kim Jong-Pil led their parties to merge into the ruling party Democratic Justice Party, and formed the Democratic Liberal Party, led by President Roh Tae-woo. Before they merged, Roh's party did not have a majority in the National Assembly. After they merged, they had over a two-thirds majority, which could pass bills without any obstruction from the opposition.

Kim Dae-Jung, an opponent in the 1987 election who finished third behind Kim Young-sam and Roh Tae-woo ran again in 1992.

In 1992, Hyundai businessman Chung Ju-yung also ran in the election.

Nominations

Democratic Liberal Party

The Democratic Liberal Party national convention was held on 19 May at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. Nine-term lawmaker from Busan Kim Young-sam won the nomination, defeating four-term lawmaker from Seoul Lee Jong-chan, who did not concede and ran as a third party candidate. Lee Jong-chan withdrew his campaign and endorsed RNP nominee Chung Ju-yung in December.[2]

3,331 delegates needed to win

Candidate	Delegates	%
Kim Young-sam	4,418	66.34
Lee Jong-chan	2,214	33.24
Invalid/blank votes	28	0.42
Total	6,660	100%
Abstentions	222	3.23

Democratic Party

The Democratic National Convention was held from 25 to 26 May at the Olympic Fencing Gymnasium. At the convention, Kim Dae-jung, 6-term lawmaker from South Jeolla, defeated Lee Ki-taek, 7-term lawmaker from Busan, and won the nomination.

Of 2,426 delegates present at the convention, 1,443 had been from Kim's faction and only 983 from Lee's, so Kim was thought as the presumptive nominee even before the convention began.[3]

1,170 delegates needed to win

Candidate	Delegates	%
Kim Dae-jung	1,413	60.18
Lee Ki-taek	925	39.40
Invalid/blank votes	10	0.43
Total	2,338	100%

Reunification Nationalist Party

At the RNP National Convention held on 15 May at the KOEX in Seoul, Chung Ju-yung was nominated for president by a yay-nay rising vote.[4]

Rising Vote

Candidate	Delegates	%
For Chung Ju-yung	1,727	99.37
Against	7	0.40
Abstention	4	0.23

Results

The right-wing conservative Democratic Liberal Party presidential candidate Kim Young-Sam won the presidential election, defeating opposition Democratic Party leader Kim Dae-Jung, marking the third time he had lost a presidential election. Kim later announced his retirement from politics.

The conservative ruling party won the election continued to govern until 1997 when Kim Dae-Jung won the next presidential election.

Candidate	Party	Votes	% of Votes
Kim Young-sam	Democratic Liberal Party (민주자유당)	9,977,332	42.0%
Kim Dae-jung	Democratic Party (민주당)	8,041,284	33.8%
Chung Ju-yung	Reunification National Party (통일국민당)	3,880,067	16.3%
Park Chan-jong	New Politics Reform Party (신정치개혁당)	1,516,047	6.4%
Baek Gi-Wan	Independent	238,648	1.0%
Kim Ok-sun	Independent	86,292	0.4%
Lee Byeong-ho	Korean Justice Party	35,739	0.22%
Invalid ballots		319,761	0.6%
(Total electorate: 29,422,658 - Turnout rate: 81.9%) Total		24,095,170	100%

provinces · cities
	Kim Young-sam DLP		Kim Dae-jung DP		Chung Ju-yung RNP
	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Seoul	2,167,298	36.4%	2,246,326	37.7%	1,070,629	18.0%
Busan	1,551,473	73.3%	265,055	12.5%	133,907	6.3%
Daegu	690,245	59.6%	90,641	7.8%	224,642	19.4%
Incheon	397,361	37.3%	338,538	31.7%	228,505	21.4%
Gwangju	14,504	2.1%	652,337	95.8%	8,085	1.2%
Daejeon	202,137	35.2%	165,067	28.7%	133,646	23.3%
Gyeonggi	1,254,025	36.3%	1,103,498	32.0%	798,356	23.1%
Gangwon	340,528	41.5%	127,265	15.5%	279,610	34.1%
Chungcheongbuk	281,678	38.3%	191,743	26.0%	175,767	23.4%
Chungcheongnam	351,789	36.9%	271,921	28.5%	240,400	25.2%
Jeollabuk	63,175	5.7%	991,483	89.1%	35,923	3.2%
Jeollanam	53,360	4.2%	1,170,398	92.2%	26,686	2.1%
Gyeongsangbuk	991,424	64.7%	147,440	9.6%	240,646	15.7%
Gyeongsangnam	1,514,043	72.3%	193,373	9.2%	241,135	11.5%
Jeju	104,292	40.0%	85,889	32.9%	42,130	16.1%

References

1. Croissant, Aurel. "Electoral Politics in South Korea" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 266.
2. 엄기영,백지연. "민자당 차기 대통령후보로 김영삼후보 결정[엄기영]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
3. "김대중후보 60.2% 득표, 이기택대표는 39.4% 얻어". mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
4. 엄기영,백지연. "국민당 정주영 후보, 만장일치로 대통령 후보에 선출[조동엽]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.