Louisiana's 1st congressional district

Louisiana's 1st congressional district
	'Louisiana's 1st congressional district since January 3, 2013
	Steve Scalise; R–Jefferson
Distribution	86.02% urban[1]; 13.98% rural;
Population (2016)	803,427[2]
Median income	$58,199[3]
Ethnicity	78.18% white; 14.02% black; 8.81% Hispanic; 2.1% Asian; 1.2% Native American;
Cook PVI	R+24[4]

Louisiana's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The district comprises land from the northern shore of Lake Pontchartrain south to the Mississippi River delta.

The district is currently represented by Republican House minority whip Steve Scalise.

History

Prior to 1974, the 1st congressional district was entirely south of Lake Pontchartrain. As a result of population changes reflected in the 1970 U.S. Census and a concern to ensure that the 2nd congressional district was majority African American, the district was redrawn to include the Northshore.^{[Source Needed]} This was done to comply with the Voting Rights Act,^{[Source Needed]} passed in 1965 to enforce constitutional rights of minorities in voting, including the opportunity to elect a representative of their choosing and to redistrict after censuses.

In 1974, the state legislature redefined the 1st congressional district, dropping its precincts south of the lake and adding St. Tammany Parish, which borders Lake Pontchartrain on the north, from the 6th congressional district. Subsequently, the 1st congressional district acquired Tangipahoa and Washington parishes, both north of the lake, from the 6th congressional district.

Correspondingly, the 1st congressional district shed conservative St. Bernard Parish and other areas south of the lake to the 3rd congressional district from 1984 through 2013. Overall, the 1st congressional district has become a very safe district for the Republican Party.[5] Before the 1960s, it was controlled by Democrats, but conservative whites realigned with the Republican Party.^{[Source Needed]}

The number of registered voters north of the lake is, as of 2008, slightly higher than south of the lake; however, the 1st congressional district has yet to be represented by a resident from north of Lake Pontchartrain.[6] The reformulation of the 1st congressional district so that it virtually surrounds "the nation's second-largest saltwater lake" has generated a local joke that in the 1st congressional district of Louisiana, the voters are outnumbered by the fish.

The seat was previously held by former governor Bobby Jindal, who was elected after David Vitter retired to successfully run for the U.S. Senate. Republicans have held the seat since 1977. That year Bob Livingston won a special election after Richard Alvin Tonry, who won the seat in 1976, was forced to resign the seat and lost the Democratic primary in the special election.

From 2003 to 2013, the district comprised mostly land on the North Shore and South Shore of Lake Pontchartrain, although it also contained areas west of Lake Pontchartrain. The district included some or all of the following parishes: Washington, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Jefferson, Orleans and St. Charles. It also included the cities of Hammond and Slidell and most of the western suburbs of New Orleans, including Metairie and Kenner, along with a small portion of the city itself. The district had the lowest percentage of African-American residents among the state's six-district Congressional delegation.

In 2013, St. Bernard and neighboring Plaquemines Parishes were returned to the first district after nearly 30 years in the Third. The First also picked up much of Lafourche Parish and the southernmost portion of Terrebonne Parish for the first time.

Recent presidential elections

Election results from presidential races
Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Bush 67 - 31%
2004	President	Bush 71 - 28%
2008	President	McCain 73 - 26%
2012	President	Romney 71 - 27%
2016	President	Trump 69 - 27%

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	Location
District created			March 4, 1823
Edward Livingston	Jackson Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th 19th 20th	Elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. [data unknown/missing]	1823 – 1833 Ascension, Assumption, Saint Charles, Saint John, Lafourche, Orleans, Saint Bernard, Saint James, and Terrebonne parishes
Edward Livingston	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829	18th 19th 20th
Edward Douglass White Sr.	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1833	21st 22nd 23rd	[data unknown/missing] Resigned.
Edward Douglass White Sr.	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – November 15, 1834	21st 22nd 23rd	[data unknown/missing] Resigned.	1833 – 1843 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		November 15, 1834 – December 1, 1834
Henry Johnson	Anti-Jacksonian	December 1, 1834 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th 25th	[data unknown/missing]
Henry Johnson	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839	23rd 24th 25th	[data unknown/missing]
Edward Douglass White Sr.	Whig	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843	26th 27th	[data unknown/missing]
John Slidell	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – November 10, 1845	28th 29th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned.	1843 – 1853 [data unknown/missing]
Emile La Sére	Democratic	January 29, 1846 – March 3, 1851	29th 30th 31st	[data unknown/missing]
Louis St. Martin	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	[data unknown/missing]
William Dunbar	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	[data unknown/missing]	1853 – 1863 [data unknown/missing]
George Eustis Jr.	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859	34th 35th	[data unknown/missing]
J. E. Bouligny	Know Nothing	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th	Bouligny opposed Louisiana's secession and remained in Washington, D.C. during the Civil War. He never retook residency in Louisiana.
Vacant		March 4, 1861 – December 3, 1862	Civil War
Benjamin Flanders	Unionist	December 3, 1862 – March 3, 1863	37th	Remained seated for his term during War.
Vacant		March 3, 1863 – July 18, 1868	Civil War – Louisiana under occupation	1863 – 1873 [data unknown/missing]
Jacob Hale Sypher	Republican	July 18, 1868 – March 3, 1869	40th		[data unknown/missing]
Vacant		March 3, 1869 – November 7, 1870	Contested election of Louis St. Martin and Jacob Hale Sypher, House decided neither candidate entitled to seat.
J. Hale Sypher	Republican	November 7, 1870 – March 3, 1875	41st 42nd 43rd		Sypher's 1872 re-election was successfully contested by Effingham Lawrence. Sypher lost, but only after the original returns were certified in his favor. After protracted court intervention, Lawrence was declared elected, but just one day (March 3, 1875) remained in the term, and in the meantime Lawrence had lost the 1874 election to Democrat Randall Lee Gibson.
Effingham Lawrence	Democratic	March 3, 1875 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Successfully contested Sypher's election, then retired after one day in office—the shortest service ever by a member of the House of Representatives.
Randall Lee Gibson	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1883	44th 45th 46th 47th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned from House on election to U.S. Senate.
Carleton Hunt	Democratic	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885	48th	[data unknown/missing]	1883 – 1893 [data unknown/missing]
Louis St. Martin	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1887	49th	[data unknown/missing]
Theodore Stark Wilkinson	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891	50th 51st	[data unknown/missing]
Adolph Meyer	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 8, 1908	52nd 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		March 8, 1908 – November 3, 1908
Albert Estopinal	Democratic	November 3, 1908 – April 28, 1919	60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		April 28, 1919 – June 5, 1919
James O'Connor	Democratic	June 5, 1919 – March 3, 1931	66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st	Elected to finish Estopinal's term. Lost renomination.
Joachim O. Fernandez	Democratic	March 4, 1931 – January 3, 1941	72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.
Felix Edward Hébert	Democratic	January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1977	77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Richard Alvin Tonry	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – May 4, 1977	95th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned after conviction for vote-buying.
Vacant		May 4, 1977 – August 27, 1977
Bob Livingston	Republican	August 27, 1977 – March 1, 1999	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th	Elected to finish Tonry's term. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Resigned.
Vacant		March 2, 1999 – May 29, 1999
David Vitter	Republican	May 29, 1999 – January 3, 2005	106th 107th 108th	Elected to finish Livingston's term. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
David Vitter	Republican	May 29, 1999 – January 3, 2005	106th 107th 108th		2003 – 2013
Bobby Jindal	Republican	January 3, 2005 – January 14, 2008	109th 110th	Elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Resigned to become Governor of Louisiana.
Vacant		January 14, 2008 – May 3, 2008
Steve Scalise	Republican	May 3, 2008 – Present	110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected to finish Jindal's term. Re-elected later in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018.
Steve Scalise	Republican	May 3, 2008 – Present	110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th		2013 – Present

Recent Election Results

2002

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2002)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	David Vitter*	147,117	81.47
	Republican	Monica L. Monica	20,268	11.22
	Republican	Robert Namer	7,229	4.00
	Libertarian	Ian P. Hawxhurst	5,956	3.30
Total votes			180,570	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2004

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2004)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bobby Jindal	225,708	78.40
	Democratic	Roy Armstrong	19,266	6.69
	Democratic	Vinny Mendoza	12,779	4.44
	Democratic	Daniel Zimmerman	12,135	4.22
	Democratic	Jerry Watts	10,034	3.49
	Republican	Mike Rogers	7,975	2.77
Total votes			287,897	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2006

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2006)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bobby Jindal*	130,508	88.11
	Democratic	David Gereighty	10,919	7.37
	Democratic	Stacey Tallitsch	5,025	3.39
	Libertarian	Peter L. Beary	1,676	1.13
Total votes			148,128	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2008

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Special Election (May 3, 2008)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise	33,867	75.14
	Democratic	Gilda Reed	10,142	22.50
	Independent	R.A. "Skip" Galan	786	1.74
	Independent	Anthony Gentile	280	0.62
Total votes			45,075	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District General Election (2008)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise*	189,168	65.68
	Democratic	Jim Harlan	98,839	34.32
Total votes			288,007	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2010

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2010)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise*	157,182	78.52
	Democratic	Myron Katz	38,416	19.19
	Independent	Arden Wells	4,578	2.29
Total votes			200,176	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2012

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2012)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise*	193,496	66.63
	Democratic	Vinny Mendoza	61,703	21.25
	Republican	Gary King	24,844	8.55
	Independent	David Turknett	6,079	2.09
	Independent	Arden Wells	4,578	1.48
Total votes			290,410	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2014

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2014)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise*	189,250	77.56
	Democratic	Vinny Mendoza	24,761	10.15
	Democratic	Lee Dugas	21,286	8.72
	Libertarian	Jeff Sanford	8,707	3.57
Total votes			244,004	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2016

Louisiana's 1st Congressional District Election (2016)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise*	243,645	74.56
	Democratic	Lee Ann Dugas	41,840	12.80
	Democratic	Danil Faust	12,708	3.89
	Libertarian	Howard Kearney	9,405	2.88
	Democratic	Joe Swider	9,237	2.83
	Green	Eliot Barron	6,717	2.06
	Independent	Chuemal Yang	3,236	0.99
Total votes			326,788	100.00
Turnout
	Republican hold

2018

Louisiana's 1st congressional district, 2018
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Scalise (incumbent)	192,526	71.5
	Democratic	Tammy Savoie	44,262	16.4
	Democratic	Lee Ann Dugas	18,552	6.9
	Democratic	Jim Francis	8,685	3.2
	Libertarian	Howard Kearney	2,806	1.0
	Independent	Frederick "Ferd" Jones	2,442	0.9
Total votes			269,325	100.0
	Republican hold

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References

https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=22&cd=01
https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=22&cd=01
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Cook Partisan Voting Index
Several residents of the northlake area (eastern Florida Parishes) served in Congress to represent the 6th congressional district before it ceded territory to the 1st congressional district.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

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[1] ttps://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html

[2] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=22&cd=01

[3] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=22&cd=01

[Cook-4] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[5] Cook Partisan Voting Index

[6] Several residents of the northlake area (eastern Florida Parishes) served in Congress to represent the 6th congressional district before it ceded territory to the 1st congressional district.