Karlslust dance hall fire

The Karlslust dance hall fire (also known as Loebel's Restaurant fire) occurred on 8 February 1947 in Hakenfelde, a locality of Spandau in what was then the British sector of Berlin. With its death toll of 80[1] to 88,[2] it marks possibly the worst fire disaster in Germany since World War II,[3] 88 at least in the city of Berlin.[4] The death toll is today considered to be 81: 80 guests and the owner of the restaurant, Julius Loebel, who died while attempting to save a cashbox.

Karlslust dance hall fire

Date	8 February 1947
Time	10:45 pm
Location	Berlin, Allied-occupied Germany
Coordinates	52°34′1.6″N 13°11′50.42″E
Also known as	Loebel's Restaurant fire
Deaths	81
Non-fatal injuries	150

The fire

The Karlslust was the largest restaurant and dance hall in Spandau during the first half of the 20th century,[2] a two storied building with ballroom and bowling alley[4] famous for its "legendary" parties.[5] On the evening of Saturday, 8 February 1947, during carnival time in Germany, the first post-war fancy-dress ball was scheduled.[1] The landlord, Julius Loebel, had been granted the concession of a lifted curfew that night, as Berlin was occupied at that time.[5] An estimated 750[5] to 800[4] (or even up to 1,000)[2] mostly young people attended the event, among them a number of British Army staff.[2][5]

Because of extremely low outside temperatures of −20 °C (−4 °F)[1] or −25 °C (−13 °F),[2][4][note 1] three potbelly stoves had been set up inside the Karlslust to provide heating. At around 22:45, when the party was in full swing, the wooden overhead beams of the structure caught on fire,[2] likely, as was later determined, as a result of the intense heat of the stove pipes.[4] The Karlslust had been used as a prison in the last months of the war in Germany, and windows were barred and doors had been walled up; additionally, a side door was frozen shut.[2][4] In the ensuing rush to the only exit, several people were trampled to death.[1][2] After three minutes, the entire roof of the building was on fire.[2]

Realizing the extent of the fire, several of those who had already escaped returned to retrieve their winter clothing from the cloakroom.[1][2] This behaviour was later met with incredulity by the British authorities, but can be attributed to the tight supply situation in post-war Germany, where people were living on ration stamps.[2] Eventually, the roof of the Karlslust collapsed, burying those still inside.[2]

Fire response

The first firefighters of the British Army arrived at the scene 15 minutes after the fire had broken out. In an attempt to rescue those trapped inside the collapsed building, three[1][7] or six[2] British soldiers died. A few guests of the Karlslust survived the roof collapse and could be pulled out of the debris; they had found shelter in the cellar.[2]

Summoning firefighters was difficult at that time, as there was no standardized emergency telephone number, and each fire station had to be notified separately.[4][5] The freezing temperatures and the snow-covered area hampered the firefighting efforts.[2][4] German firefighters arrived at the Karlslust considerably later than their British counterparts, the bulk of them 40 minutes after having been called,[8] for a variety of reasons: the low quality of their vehicles, whose engines needed some time to warm up; the speed limit of 40 km/h (25 mph) for civilians in Berlin, which had been imposed to ensure priority rights for vehicles of the World War II Allies);[4][5][9] due to bridges over the Havel river having been destroyed during the war, detours were required to get to Hakenfelde from places in Spandau as well as the rest of Berlin.[4]

Fatalities

A memorial stone in den Kisseln cemetery. The German inscription reads: "In memory of those who perished in the fire disaster at the Karlslust inn on 8 February 1947".

In the immediate aftermath of the fire, Der Spiegel reported that 88 bodies had been found, many of them burned beyond recognition, and that another 108 people were missing.[2] 150 people were injured,[4] 40 of which needed hospital treatment.[2]

Later sources put the death toll to 80,[1][9] 81,[4] or 82.[5] On 25 February 1947, 77 victims were buried at In den Kisseln cemetery,[1] at a dedicated spot called "Loebel field", named after the landlord of the ill-fated dance hall.[5] Until that day, all festivities and dance events in Berlin were cancelled.[1]

Aftermath

The Magistrate of Berlin, from 1945 to 1948 the civilian government for the whole city, ordered the delivery of cloth for 800 winter cloaks; lost ration stamps were replaced.[1] Political parties that collected donations for the victims included the Christian Democratic Union, the Social Democratic Party and the Socialist Unity Party alike.[1]

In order to address issues identified as having slowed down the emergency response to the fire, the speed limit for civilian vehicles was lifted on 13 March 1947, and also the general traffic priority of the allies was given up this day.[8] A standardized, general emergency telephone number for Berlin was re-instated on 20 October of that year,[5] using the number "02".

Today, a high-rise building occupies the space where the Karlslust was located, at 8 Hakenfelder Straße.[4]

Notes

1. The winter of 1946/47 was one of the coldest ever observed in Europe.[6]

References

1. Gerlof, Andreas (7 February 1997). "Dann stürzte das Dach ein – es war grauenhaft". Berliner Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 4 December 2013.
2. "Spandauer Totentanz". Der Spiegel (in German): 3–4. 15 February 1947. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
3. "Flammendes Inferno im Lokal Karlslust" (PDF). Berliner Abendblatt (in German). 4 February 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
4. van Lessen, Christian (8 February 2007). "Kostümfest endete in einer Katastrophe" (in German). Der Tagesspiegel. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
5. "Brennende Balken töteten Ballgäste". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 8 February 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
6. "Hungerwinter 1946/47" (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
7. "Fire in Berlin Dance Hall." Times [London, England] 10 February 1947: 4. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Dec 2013.
8. "1947: Für den Mantel das Leben verloren" (in German). Berlin Fire Department (Feuerwehr Berlin). Retrieved 4 December 2013.
9. "Historie" (in German). Berlin Fire Department (Feuerwehr Berlin). Retrieved 4 December 2013.

Further reading

• Time: "Costly Clothing." Published on 17 February 1947.