Julia Gillard

Julia Eileen Gillard AC (born 29 September 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 2010 to 2013. She was previously the 13th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 until 2010 and held the cabinet positions of Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion from 2007 to 2010. She is the first and only woman to hold the positions of Deputy Prime Minister, Prime Minister and leader of a major party in Australia.

The Honourable Julia Gillard AC
27th Prime Minister of Australia
In office 24 June 2010 – 27 June 2013
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governor-General	Quentin Bryce
Deputy	Wayne Swan
Preceded by	Kevin Rudd
Succeeded by	Kevin Rudd
Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
In office 3 December 2007 – 24 June 2010
Prime Minister	Kevin Rudd
Preceded by	Mark Vaile
Succeeded by	Wayne Swan
Party leadership positions Leader of the Australian Labor Party In office 24 June 2010 – 26 June 2013 Deputy Wayne Swan Preceded by Kevin Rudd Succeeded by Kevin Rudd Deputy Leader of the Labor Party In office 4 December 2006 – 24 June 2010 Leader Kevin Rudd Preceded by Jenny Macklin Succeeded by Wayne Swan
Cabinet posts Minister for Education In office 3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Preceded by Julie Bishop Succeeded by Simon Crean Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations In office 3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Preceded by Joe Hockey Succeeded by Simon Crean Minister for Social Inclusion In office 3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Preceded by Mike Rann Succeeded by Simon Crean
Shadow cabinet posts Deputy Leader of the Opposition In office 4 December 2006 – 3 December 2007 Leader Kevin Rudd Preceded by Jenny Macklin Succeeded by Julie Bishop Manager of Opposition Business in the House In office 8 December 2003 – 10 December 2006 Leader Mark Latham Kim Beazley Preceded by Mark Latham Succeeded by Anthony Albanese Shadow Minister for Population and Immigration In office 25 November 2001 – 2 July 2003 Leader Simon Crean Preceded by Martin Ferguson (Population) Con Sciacca (Immigration) Succeeded by Laurie Ferguson (Population) Stephen Smith (Immigration) Shadow Minister for Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs In office 18 February 2003 – 2 July 2003 Leader Simon Crean Preceded by Daryl Melham Succeeded by Bob McMullan Shadow Minister for Health In office 2 July 2003 – 10 December 2006 Leader Simon Crean Mark Latham Kim Beazley Kevin Rudd Preceded by Stephen Smith Succeeded by Nicola Roxon Shadow Minister for Employment In office 10 December 2006 – 3 December 2007 Leader Kevin Rudd Preceded by Penny Wong Succeeded by Julie Bishop Shadow Minister for Industrial Relations In office 10 December 2006 – 3 December 2007 Leader Kevin Rudd Preceded by Stephen Smith Succeeded by Eric Abetz
Constituency Member of the Australian Parliament for Lalor In office 3 October 1998 – 5 August 2013 Preceded by Barry Jones Succeeded by Joanne Ryan
Personal details
Born	Julia Eileen Gillard (1961-09-29) 29 September 1961 Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
Citizenship	Australian British (1961–1998)
Political party	Labor
Domestic partner	Tim Mathieson
Education	Mitcham School Unley High School
Alma mater	University of Adelaide University of Melbourne
Signature
Website	Personal website

Born in Barry, Wales, Gillard migrated with her family to Adelaide, South Australia, in 1966. She attended Mitcham Demonstration School and Unley High School. Gillard went on to the University of Adelaide, but switched to the University of Melbourne in 1982, where she eventually graduated with Bachelor of Laws (1986) and Bachelor of Arts (1989) degrees. She worked with the Australian Union of Students during that time and was the organisation's president from 1983 to 1984. In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm Slater & Gordon. She became a partner in 1990, specialising in industrial law, but left in 1996 to become chief of staff to John Brumby, the leader of the Labor Party in Victoria. This preceded her own entry into federal politics.

Gillard was first elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election for the seat of Lalor. Following the 2001 election, she was elected to Shadow Cabinet. When Kevin Rudd was elected as party leader and Leader of the Opposition in December 2006, Gillard was elected unopposed as his deputy. Upon Labor's victory at the 2007 election, she became the first female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, and was made Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion. On 24 June 2010, after Rudd lost the support of his party and resigned, Gillard was elected unopposed as his replacement, thus becoming prime minister. The subsequent 2010 federal election saw the first hung parliament since 1940. Gillard was able to form a minority government with the support of a Green MP and three independents. On 26 June 2013, after a leadership spill, Gillard lost the leadership of the Labor Party back to Rudd. Her resignation as prime minister took effect the following day. Gillard retired from politics on 5 August 2013, before the impending federal election.

Following her departure from politics, Gillard became an honorary visiting professor at the University of Adelaide, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution's Center for Universal Education. She released her political memoir, My Story, in September 2014. She has been on the board of the mental health organisation Beyond Blue since December 2014 and its chair since July 2017, and was made an honorary fellow of Aberystwyth University in June 2015. Gillard has also served as the chairwoman of the Global Partnership for Education since February 2014.

Early life

Birth and family background

Gillard was born on 29 September 1961 in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.[1][2] She is the second of two daughters born to John Oliver Gillard (1929–2012) and the former Moira Mackenzie (b. 1928); her older sister Alison was born in 1958.[3] Gillard's father was born in Cwmgwrach, but was of predominantly English descent; he worked as a psychiatric nurse.[4][5] Her mother was born in Barry, and is of distant Scottish and Irish descent; she worked in a Salvation Army nursing home.[6][7]

After Gillard suffered from bronchopneumonia as a child, her parents were advised it would aid her recovery if they were to live in a warmer climate.[3] This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide, South Australia.[8] The Gillard family's first month in Australia was spent in the Pennington Hostel, a now-closed migrant facility located in Pennington, South Australia.[9][10] In 1974, eight years after they arrived, Gillard and her family became Australian citizens. As a result, Gillard held dual citizenship until she renounced her British citizenship prior to entering the Australian parliament in 1998.[11][12]

Education and legal career

Gillard attended Mitcham Demonstration School before going on to Unley High School.[13] She began an arts degree at the University of Adelaide, during which she was president of the Adelaide University Union from 1981 to 1982.[14] In her second year at the university, Gillard was introduced to politics by the daughter of a state Labor minister. Accordingly, she joined the Labor Club and became involved in a campaign to fight federal education budget cuts.[3][8] Gillard cut short her courses in Adelaide in 1982, and moved to Melbourne to work with the Australian Union of Students.[15] In 1983, she became the second woman to lead the Australian Union of Students, serving until the organisation's discontinuation in 1984. She was also the secretary of the left-wing organisation Socialist Forum.[16][17] Having transferred her studies to the University of Melbourne, Gillard graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1986 and a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1989.[18] In 1987, she joined the law firm Slater & Gordon in Werribee, Victoria, working in industrial law.[6] In 1990, she was admitted as a partner; at the age of 29, she was the youngest partner within the firm, and one of the first women to hold the position.[19][20]

Early political involvement

From 1985 to 1989, Gillard served as President of the Carlton branch of the Labor Party.[1] She stood for Labor preselection in the Division of Melbourne prior to the 1993 federal election, but was defeated by Lindsay Tanner.[21] At the 1996 federal election, Gillard won the third position on Labor's Senate ticket in Victoria, behind Robert Ray and Barney Cooney.[22][23] However, on the final distribution of preferences she was defeated by Lyn Allison of the Australian Democrats.[24][25]

In 1996, Gillard resigned from her position with Slater & Gordon to serve as chief of staff to John Brumby, at that time the Leader of the Opposition in Victoria.[1][25][26] She was responsible for drafting the affirmative-action rules within the Labor Party in Victoria that set the target of pre-selecting women for 35 per cent of "winnable seats". She also played a role in the foundation of EMILY's List, the pro-choice fund-raising and support network for Labor women.[27]

Gillard has cited Welsh Labour politician Aneurin Bevan as one of her political heroes.[19]

Member of Parliament, 1998–2007

Gillard was first elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election representing Lalor, a safe Labor seat near Melbourne, replacing Barry Jones who retired. She made her maiden speech to the House on 11 November 1998.[28] Gillard was a member of the standing committee for Employment, Education and Workplace Relations from 8 December 1998 to 8 December 2001, in addition to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs from 20 March 2003 to 18 August 2003. Within the joint committees, she was a member of the Public Accounts and Audit from 8 December 1998 to 11 February 2002, in addition to the Native Title and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund from 20 March 2003 to 11 August 2003.[1]

Shadow minister (2001–2007)

After Labor's defeat at the 2001 federal election, Gillard was elected to the Shadow Cabinet under then-Labor Leader Simon Crean, where she was given responsibility for Population and Immigration. In February 2003, she was given additional responsibilities for Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs.[29] In these roles, in the wake of the Tampa and Children Overboard affairs, which were partly credited with Labor's 2001 election loss, Gillard developed a new immigration policy for the Labor Party.[8]

Gillard was later promoted to the position of Shadow Minister for Health and Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in the House (to Mark Latham) on 2 July 2003.[20][30] During this time, she shadowed Tony Abbott, with the rivalry between the two often attracting attention from the media.[31] She was later given additional responsibility for managing opposition business in the House of Representatives by Latham, who had succeeded Beazley as Labor Party leader.[32]

Gillard at her first press conference as Deputy Leader in 2006, alongside new Leader Kevin Rudd

In the aftermath of Labor's fourth consecutive defeat in the 2004 federal election it was widely speculated that Gillard might challenge Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership, but she did not do so.[33] Gillard had been spoken of as a potential future leader of the party for some years, but never stood in a leadership contest. After Mark Latham resigned as Labor Leader in January 2005, Gillard appeared on ABC's Australian Story in March 2006, after which an Ipsos Mackay poll conducted for Network Ten's Meet the Press found that more respondents would prefer Gillard to be Labor Leader; she polled 32% compared with Beazley's 25% and Kevin Rudd's 18%.[3][34][35] Although she had significant cross-factional support, she announced on 25 January 2005 that she would not contest the leadership, allowing Beazley to be elected unopposed.[36]

Deputy Opposition leader, 2006–07

On 1 December 2006, as part of a cross-factional political partnership with Kevin Rudd, Gillard challenged Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership.[37] After Rudd successfully replaced Beazley as Labor Leader on 4 December 2006, Macklin chose to resign, allowing Gillard to become Deputy Leader unopposed.[38] In the subsequent reshuffle, Gillard was allocated responsibility for Employment, Workplace Relations and Social Inclusion, as well as being made Deputy Leader of the Opposition.[39]

Deputy Prime Minister (2007–2010)

After the Labor Party's victory in the 2007 federal election, Gillard was sworn in as the first ever female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December 2007.[40] In addition to being appointed to the position of Deputy Prime Minister, Gillard was given responsibility for a so-called "super ministry", the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.[41]

Gillard meets with US Ambassador Jeff Bleich on 26 November 2009

She was a member of the Strategic Priorities Budget Committee (SPBC) – also referred to as "Gang of Four" – which comprised Rudd and his most senior ministers: Gillard, Treasurer Wayne Swan and Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner.[42] Formed in late-2007 as a result of an internal review, the SPBC was responsible for the government's handling of the 2007–08 global financial crisis.[43]

On 11 December 2007, Gillard was acting prime minister while Rudd attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali, becoming the first woman ever to hold that position.[44] She assumed these duties for a total of 69 days throughout Rudd's tenure, during his various overseas travel engagements.[45] Gillard quickly became known as a highly regarded debater, with her performances during parliamentary question time prompting Peter van Onselen to call her "the best parliamentary performer on the Labor side".[46]

Ministerial portfolios

In her role as Minister for Education, Gillard travelled to Washington D.C. in 2009, where she signed a deal with US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to encourage improved policy collaboration in education reform between both countries.[47] The establishment of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), an independent authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, was amongst her first policy pursuits in 2008.[48] She launched the government's "Digital Education Revolution" (DER) program, which provided laptops to all public secondary school students and developed quality digital tools, resources and infrastructure for all schools.[49] In conjunction with DER, Gillard oversaw the "Building the Education Revolution" (BER) program, which allocated $16 billion to build new school accommodation including classrooms, libraries and assembly halls.[50][51]

Gillard also ensured the implementation of the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) in 2008, whereby a series of standardised tests focused on basic skills are administered annually to Australian students.[52] This was followed by the introduction of the My School website; launched in January 2010, the website reports on data from NAPLAN and displays information such as school missions, staffing, financial information, its resources and its students' characteristics.[53][54]

As Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, Gillard removed the WorkChoices industrial relations regime introduced by the Howard Government, and replaced it with the Fair Work Act.[55] This established a single industrial relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia.[56]

Prime Minister (2010–2013)

Main article: Gillard Government

2010 leadership vote

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd suffered a decline in his personal ratings, and a perceived loss of support among his own MPs, following the failure of the Government's insulation program, controversy regarding the implementation of a tax on mining, the failure of the government to secure passage of its carbon trading scheme and some policy debate about immigration policy. Significant disaffection had arisen within the Labor Party as to the leadership style and direction of Rudd.[57] On 23 June 2010 he announced that Gillard had asked him to hold a leadership ballot the following day to determine the leadership of the Labor Party, and hence the Prime Ministership of Australia.[58]

As late as May 2010, prior to challenging Rudd, Gillard was quipping to the media that "There's more chance of me becoming the full-forward for the Dogs than there is of any change in the Labor Party".[59] Consequently, Gillard's move against Rudd on 23 June appeared to surprise many Labor backbenchers. Daryl Melham, when asked by a reporter on the night of the challenge if indeed a challenge was on, replied: "Complete garbage. ABC have lost all credibility."[60] As he was being deposed, Rudd suggested that his opponents wanted to move Labor to the right, saying on 23 June: "This party and government will not be lurching to the right on the question of asylum seekers, as some have counselled us to do."[59]

Gillard being sworn in as Prime Minister by Quentin Bryce on 24 June 2010

Initially, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that the final catalyst for the move on Rudd was sparked by a report that Rudd had used his chief of staff to sound out back benchers on his level of support, thus implying that "he did not trust the repeated assurances by Ms Gillard that she would not stand".[61] Later, ABC's 7:30 Report said the seeds for the challenge to Rudd came from "factional heavyweights" Bill Shorten and Senator David Feeney, who secured the support of "New South Wales right power broker" Mark Arbib and that Feeney and Arbib went to discuss a challenge with Gillard on the morning of 23 June and a final numbers count began for a challenge.[62] Accounts have continued to differ as to the extent of Gillard's foreknowledge and planning of the replacement of Rudd.[63]

Rudd initially said that he would challenge Gillard, but it soon became apparent that he did not have enough support within the party to survive in his position. Hours before the vote on 24 June, he resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labor Party, leaving Gillard to assume the leadership unopposed. Treasurer Wayne Swan was at the same time elected unopposed to succeed Gillard as Deputy Leader.[64]

Shortly afterward, Gillard was sworn in as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia by Governor-General Quentin Bryce, with Swan being sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister.[65] The members of the Rudd Ministry, with the exception of Rudd himself who returned to the backbenches, subsequently became the members of the First Gillard Ministry.

Gillard alongside partner Tim Mathieson, Quentin Bryce, Wayne Swan and Michael Bryce on 24 June 2010

Later that day, in her first press conference as Prime Minister, Gillard said that at times the Rudd Government "went off the tracks", and "[I] came to the view that a good Government was losing its way".[66] Gillard offered wider explanation of her motivations for replacing Rudd during the 2012 Labor leadership spill in which Rudd challenged Gillard to regain the Labor leadership, telling the media that the Rudd Government had entered a "period of paralysis" and that Rudd's work patterns were "difficult and chaotic".[67]

Upon her election by the Labor Party, Gillard said that she wouldn't move into The Lodge until she was elected Prime Minister in her own right, instead choosing to divide her time between a flat in Canberra and her home in Altona, a western suburb of Melbourne.[68] Gillard moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010.[69]

As well as being the first female Prime Minister, and the first never to have married, Gillard is the first Prime Minister since Billy Hughes to have been born overseas.[64]

The leadership question remained a feature of the Gillard Government's terms in office, and amidst ongoing leadership speculation following an ABC TV Four Corners examination of the events leading up to Rudd's replacement which cast doubt on Gillard's insistence that she did not actively campaign for the Prime Ministership, Attorney-General Nicola Roxon spoke of Rudd's record in the following terms: "I don't think we should whitewash history – while there are a lot of very good things our government did with Kevin as prime minister, there were also a lot of challenges, and it's Julia who has seen through fixing a lot of those problems."[70]

2010 election

On 17 July 2010, 23 days after becoming prime minister and after receiving the agreement of the Governor-General Quentin Bryce, Gillard announced the next federal election would be held on 21 August 2010.[71] Gillard began campaigning with a speech using the slogan "moving forward".[72] In the early stages of the campaign, a series of leaks were released by purported Labor Party sources, indicating apparent divisions within Cabinet over the replacement of Kevin Rudd by Gillard.[73] Midway through the campaign, Gillard offered journalists a self-assessment of her campaign by saying that she had been paying too much attention to advisers in her strategy team, and she wanted to run a less "stage-managed" campaign:[74]

I think it's time for me to make sure that the real Julia is well and truly on display, so I'm going to step up and take personal charge of what we do in the campaign from this point.

Gillard met Opposition leader Tony Abbott for one official debate during the campaign. Studio audience surveys by Channel Nine and the Seven Network suggested a win to Gillard.[75] Unable to agree on further debates, the leaders went on to appear separately on stage for questioning at community forums in Sydney and Brisbane, Queensland. An audience exit poll of the Rooty Hill RSL audience indicated an Abbott victory.[76] Gillard won the audience poll at the Broncos Leagues Club meeting in Brisbane on 18 August.[77] Gillard also appeared on the ABC's Q&A program on 9 August.[78] On 7 August, Gillard was questioned by former Labor leader turned Channel Nine reporter Mark Latham.[79]

Gillard officially "launched" Labor's campaign in Brisbane five days before polling day, outlining Labor policies and using the slogan: "Yes we will move forward together".[80]

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives,[81] four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election. Labor suffered an 11-seat swing, even though it won a bare majority of the two-party vote.[82][83] Both major party leaders sought to form a minority government.[84][85][86][87][88]

Six crossbench MPs held the balance of power.[89][90] Four crossbench MPs, Greens Adam Bandt and independents Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply,[91][92] allowing Gillard and Labor to remain in power with a minority government.[93][94][95] Governor-General Bryce swore in the Second Gillard Ministry on 14 September 2010.[96]

Domestic policies

Economy

Gillard came to office in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. Government receipts fell during the international downturn and the Rudd Government had employed pump priming expenditure.[97] Upon taking over as leader of the Labor Party on 24 June 2010, Gillard said she could "assure" Australians that the Federal Budget would be in surplus in 2013.[98] The Government continued to promise this outcome until December 2012. Gillard initially ruled out a "carbon tax" but said that she would build community consensus for a price on carbon and open negotiations with the mining industry for a re-vamped mining profits tax.[62][98][99] Following the 2010 hung parliament election result, the Labor Party elected to adopt the Australian Greens preference for a carbon tax to transition to an emissions trading scheme, establishing a carbon price via the Clean Energy Act 2011. The government also introduced a revised Minerals Resource Rent Tax and the Queensland Flood Levy.

The Gillard Government stressed a need to return the Federal Budget to surplus for the 2012–13 financial year, and Gillard said that there would be "no ifs no buts" about this promise and that "failure is not an option here and we won't fail".[100][101] In his 2012–13 Budget, Treasurer Swan announced that the government would deliver a $1.5 billion surplus.[102] The government cut defence and foreign aid spending.[103] In December 2012, Swan announced that the government no longer expected to achieve a surplus, citing falling revenue and global economic conditions.[104]

Health

Like her predecessor Rudd, Gillard had said that health is a priority in her agenda. She announced during the 2010 election, that there would be an increase of 270 placements for emergency doctors and nurses and 3,000 extra nursing scholarships over the following 10 years.[105] She also said mental health would be a priority in her second term, with a $277 million suicide-prevention package which would target high-risk groups.[106] As the election delivered a hung parliament, a $1.8 billion package was given to rural hospitals, which was agreed to by the independents to support her re-election.[92]

In October 2010, her government introduced legislation to reform funding arrangements for the health system, with the intention of giving the Commonwealth responsibility for providing the majority of funding to public hospitals and 100 per cent of funding for primary care and GP services.[107] In February 2011, Gillard announced extensive revision of the original health funding reforms proposed by the Rudd Government, which had been unable to secure the support of all state governments. The revised Gillard government plan proposed that the federal government move towards providing 50% of new health funding (and not 60 per cent as originally agreed) and removed the requirement of the states to cede a proportion of their GST revenue to the Federal Government to fund the new arrangement.[108] The new agreement was supported by all state premiers and chief ministers[109] and signed on 2 August.[110]

Immigration

In relation to population targets for Australia, Gillard told Fairfax Media in August 2010 that while skilled migration is important: "I don't support the idea of a big Australia". Gillard also altered the nomenclature of Tony Burke's role as "Minister for Population" to that of "Minister for Sustainable Population".[111] The Government released a "sustainable population strategy" in May 2011 which did not specify a target population.[112] In October 2011 trade minister Craig Emerson released a paper with Gillard's approval which advocated for continued rapid rates of population growth.[113]

Gillard speaking at the National Flag Raising and Citizenship ceremony in Canberra, on 26 January 2013

After winning leadership of the Labor Party, Gillard identified addressing the issue of unauthorised arrivals of asylum seekers as a priority of her government. She announced that negotiations were underway for a return to "offshore processing" of asylum seeker claims. Gillard ruled out a return to processing at Nauru and named East Timor as a preferred location for new detention and processing facilities.[114][115] The East Timorese government rejected the plan.[116]

In October 2010, her government announced that it would open two detention centres for 2000 immigrants, due to the pressures in allowing women and children to be released into the community. One was to be opened in Inverbrackie, South Australia, and one in Northam, Western Australia.[117] She said it would be a short-term solution to the problem and that temporary detention centres would be closed.

On 15 December 2010, a ship containing 89 asylum seekers crashed on the shore of Christmas Island, killing up to fifty people.[118][119] Refugee and migrant advocates condemned the government's hardline policy as responsible for the tragedy,[120][121] and Labor Party President Anna Bligh called for a complete review of the party's asylum seeker policy.[122] Gillard returned early from holidays in response to the crash, and to review asylum seeker policy.[122] Some months later Gillard would announce "The Malaysia Solution" in response.[123]

In April 2011, Australia's federal government confirmed that a detention centre for single men would be built at the old army barracks at Pontville, 45 minutes north of Hobart, Tasmania. This immigration detention centre would house up to 400 refugees.[124] Also in April 2011, immigration detainees at the Villawood detention centre rioted in protest of their treatment, setting fire to several buildings.[125]

In May 2011, Gillard announced that Australia and Malaysia were finalising an arrangement to exchange asylum seekers. Gillard and Immigration Minister Chris Bowen said they were close to signing a bilateral agreement which would result in 800 asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat being taken to Malaysia instead. Australia would take 4,000 people from Malaysia who have previously been assessed as being refugees.[126] However, on 31 August, the High Court ruled that the agreement to transfer refugees from Australia to Malaysia was invalid, and ordered that it not proceed. Australia would still accept 4,000 people who have been assessed as refugees in Malaysia.[127][128]

The asylum seeker debate returned during August 2012 following the report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, led by retired Air Chief Marshall Angus Houston. Accepting the panel's recommendation, Gillard on 12 August 2012 announced that a bill then before Parliament would be amended to allow the Government to choose sites for off-shore processing. At the same time she announced the Government would nominate the former detention centres on Nauru and Manus Island, Papua New Guinea to be re-opened.[129] The amended bill passed with the support of the Opposition on 16 August 2012.[130]

Education

Gillard held the responsibilities of the Education portfolio for four days after becoming Prime Minister, before appointing Simon Crean as Education Minister on 28 June 2010. Following the 2010 election, Peter Garrett assumed the role of Minister for Education, where he remained until June 2013. Gillard also altered the nomenclature of "Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research" to comprise tertiary education; Chris Evans, Chris Bowen, and later, Craig Emerson, each served as Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research in the Gillard Government.

At the July 2010 National Press Club, Gillard stated "I will make education central to my economic agenda because of the role it plays in developing the skills that lead to rewarding and satisfying work – and that can build a high-productivity, high-participation economy."[131][132] The Gillard Government in January 2011 extended tax cuts to parents to help pay for stationery, textbooks or computer equipment under the Education Tax Refund scheme.[133]

As Education Minister under Rudd, Gillard commissioned David Gonski to be chairman of a committee to make recommendations regarding funding of education in Australia. The findings and recommendations of the committee were later presented to the Gillard Government in November 2011, whereafter deliberations were entered into by the Federal and state governments to consider its content. The committee's report is known as the Gonski Report.[134] Subsequently, the proposed reforms (an increase in funding) became known as "Gonski" and supporters urged governments to "Give a Gonski". The report was removed from the government website by the newly elected Abbott Government after the 2013 Federal election and is preserved by Australia's Pandora Archive.[135]

Gillard continued to put the My School website centre of her education agenda, which was controversial at the time when she implemented it as Minister for Education. Although it was popular amongst parents, the website helped parents view statistics of the school their children attended. She had since unveiled the revamped version, My School 2.0, promising better information to parents.[136]

Universities also placed highly on her education agenda. Legislation which would have been voted on in November 2010 would have seen the introduction of a national universities regulator; however, this was delayed until 2011 following criticisms from the higher education sector. It was also announced by her government that legislation to establish the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency would also be introduced early 2011.[137]

Climate change

The Rudd Labor opposition promised to implement an emissions trading scheme (ETS) before the 2007 federal election which Labor won. Rudd, unable to secure support for his scheme in the Senate, dropped it. During his 2012 leadership challenge against Gillard's prime ministership, Rudd said that it was Gillard and Swan who convinced him to delay his Emissions Trading Scheme.[138]

In the 2010 election campaign, Gillard pledged to build a "national consensus" for a carbon price by creating a "citizens assembly", to examine "the evidence on climate change, the case for action and the possible consequences of introducing a market-based approach to limiting and reducing carbon emissions", over the course of one year. The assembly was to be selected by an independent authority who would select people from the electoral roll using census data.[139] The plan was never implemented. After the 2010 Election, Gillard agreed to form a minority government with the Greens and Independents and replaced her "citizens assembly" plan with a climate change panel consisting of Labor, Greens and independent members of the Australian parliament.[140] The panel ultimately announced backing for a temporary carbon tax, leading up to an Emissions Trading Scheme.

During the 2010 election campaign, Gillard also said that no carbon tax would be introduced under a government she led.[141] In the first hung parliament result in 70 years, the Gillard Government, with the support of the Australian Greens and some cross bench independents, negotiated the implementation of a carbon tax (the preferred policy of the Australian Greens), by which a fixed-price carbon tax would proceed to a floating-price ETS within a few years under the plans. The government proposed the Clean Energy Bill in February 2011,[142] which the opposition claimed to be a broken election promise.[143]

The bill was passed by the Lower House in October 2011[144] and the Upper House in November 2011.[145]

Poker machines

In 2010, Gillard agreed with Nick Xenophon, Andrew Wilkie and the Australian Greens to introduce poker machine reform legislation (to curb problem gambling) into the Australian parliament by May 2012. After members of the cross bench advised that they would not support this bill in the Australian House of Representatives, Gillard withdrew her support. Wilkie said that many Australians felt "very let down by the PM", and fellow anti-gambling campaigner Xenophon accused the Prime Minister of "backstabbing the person who put her in office".[146]

On 21 January 2012, Wilkie announced that he was withdrawing his support for the Gillard Government after it broke the agreement he had signed with Gillard to implement mandatory precommitment for all poker machines by 2014. He stated that he would support the government's alternative plan to trial pre-commitment in the ACT and require that pre-commitment technology be installed in all poker machines built from 2013, but that this fell short of what he had been promised in return for supporting the government.[147] In response, Gillard and Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs Jenny Macklin argued that there was not enough support in the House of Representatives for Wilkie's preferred option for it to be passed, and that they had been advised it was technically unfeasible to implement mandatory commitment within the time frame he had specified.[148][148]

Same-sex marriage

The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.[149] Despite Gillard, who had previously stated her personal objection to same-sex marriage, the motion passed narrowly by 208 votes to 184.[150][151] In February 2012, two bills to allow same-sex marriage in Australia were introduced in the 43rd Parliament.[152]

On 19 September 2012, the House of Representatives voted against passing its same-sex marriage bill by a margin of 98–42 votes.[153] On 21 September 2012, the Senate also voted down its same-sex marriage legislation, by a vote of 41–26.[154]

Forced adoptions

On 21 March 2013, Gillard delivered a national apology on behalf of the Australian Parliament to all those affected by the forced adoption practices that took place in Australia from the late–1950s to the 1970s.[155] The apology, held in the Great Hall of Parliament House, was well–received by the 800 attendees, most of whom were victims or shared a connection to these practices.[155] Gillard opened her speech by announcing that the Parliament would take responsibility for the practice of forced adoptions:[156]

Today, this Parliament, on behalf of the Australian people, takes responsibility and apologises for the policies and practices that forced the separation of mothers from their babies which created a lifelong legacy of pain and suffering.

In the speech, Gillard committed to $5 million worth of specialist support and records tracing for victims of forced adoptions, and an additional $1.5 million towards the National Archives of Australia "to record the experiences of those affected by forced adoption through a special exhibition."[157]

Foreign affairs

Gillard, alongside Foreign Minister Carr, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, and Defence Minister Smith, on 13 November 2012

During her first major international tour as prime minister in late 2010, Gillard told ABC TV's 7.30 Report:[158]

Foreign policy is not my passion. It's not what I've spent my life doing. You know, I came into politics predominantly to make a difference to opportunity questions, particularly make a difference in education. So, yes, if I had a choice I'd probably more be in a school watching kids learn to read in Australia than here in Brussels at international meetings.

When Gillard replaced Rudd in 2010, Stephen Smith retained the portfolio of Foreign Affairs up until the 2010 election, when he was moved to Defence. Following her 2010 election victory, Gillard selected her former leader Kevin Rudd (a career diplomat) as Foreign Minister.[159] After Rudd's unsuccessful leadership challenge in February 2012, Gillard appointed Bob Carr to succeed Rudd as Foreign Affairs Minister.[160] When Gillard was not present in the Australia due to international commitments, or in other circumstances, Wayne Swan assumed the title of acting prime minister; when neither leader nor deputy were present in Australia, Leader of the Government in the Senate Chris Evans assumed the role, as occurred in October and November 2012.[161][162]

After the creation of a no-fly zone, which Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd vocally supported, Gillard voiced strong support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya.[163]

The Gillard Government released the Asian Century White Paper in October 2012, offering a strategic framework for "Australia's navigation of the Asian Century". The report included focus on Australia's relations with China, India, the key ASEAN countries as well as Japan and South Korea.[164]

On 19 October 2012, Australia secured election to a seat as a Non-Permanent Member of the United Nations Security Council. The initiative had been launched by the Rudd Government, and further pursued under the Gillard Government.[165]

Afghanistan

Gillard with General David Petraeus, the commander of the International Security Assistance Force, during a visit to Afghanistan on 2 October 2010

On her first day as prime minister, Gillard reassured US president Barack Obama of Australia's continuing support for the military campaign in Afghanistan, which was then in its ninth year of operation.[166]

She visited Afghanistan on 2 October 2010, meeting with members of the Australian Defence Force in Tarinkot, and President Hamid Karzai in Kabul. The visit marked her first foreign trip as prime minister.[167] Following the visit, A parliamentary debate was conducted for four sitting weeks of parliament in November 2010, with the agreement between Gillard and Abbott that it would be necessary for Australian soldiers to stay in Afghanistan and prevent it from becoming a safe haven for terrorists.[168] She made her second trip to Afghanistan on 7 November 2011; much like her first trip, Gillard visited the 1,550 Australian troops based in Tarinkot, before meeting Karzai in Kabul where the two discussed the transition plans for Afghan military control. Whilst in Kabul, she opened Australia's newest embassy in Afghanistan.[169]

In April 2012, Gillard announced at a speech to the Australian Strategic Policy Institute that her government would withdraw all Australian combat forces from Afghanistan by the end of 2013, a year earlier than anticipated; nevertheless, she also committed Australia to long-term military and financial support for Afghanistan in the years following the 2014 transition to military control.[170][171] Gillard made her third and final trip to the country on 15 October 2012, where she met with President Kurzai, the governor of the Urozgan Province, before visiting the troops based in the aforementioned province.[172]

India

Relations between Australia and India improved throughout Gillard's premiership, following a strained period between the two countries as a result of the Rudd Government's decision to ban uranium sales to India in 2007, and the prolonged attacks against Indians living in Australia during 2009 to 2010.[173][174]

In November 2011, Gillard announced a desire to allow uranium exports to India, as a matter of "national interest, a decision about strengthening our strategic partnership with India in this the Asian century."[175] The Rudd Government had previously blocked uranium sales to India as a result of the Indian Government not being a signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.[176][177][178] The change in policy was supported a month later at the Labor Party National Conference, and Gillard reversed Australia's ban on exporting uranium to India on 4 December 2011. Gillard further expressed that any future agreement to sell uranium to India would include strict safeguards to ensure it would only be used for civilian purposes, and not end up in nuclear weapons.[175]

Gillard made her prime-ministerial visit to India on 16 October 2012, for a three-day bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, where they negotiated the safeguards required prior to the commencement of uranium trading between India and Australia.[179][180] The prospect of a quick trading arrangement was downplayed by both leaders in 2012;[181] nevertheless, Gillard's efforts in brokering the deal was a precursor of the agreement being finalised between Prime Minister Tony Abbott and his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, in 2014.[182][183] This was her second trip to India whilst in Government; on 31 August 2009, Gillard, then–deputy prime minister, met in India with Minister of Human Resource Development Kapil Sibal for the purpose of discussing the Australian Government's response to the string of attacks on Indian people living in Australia and attending Australian educational institutions.[184][185]

New Zealand

Gillard maintained the close bonds between Australia and New Zealand throughout her tenure as prime minister. She had a close working relationship with her New Zealand counterpart, Prime Minister John Key, who was among the first international leaders to congratulate Gillard on gaining the premiership in June 2010.[186] In late 2010, the World Trade Organization overturned Australia's 1921 import restriction on New Zealand apples on the basis such ban was 'unscientific', after the New Zealand Government had appealed a decision by the Rudd Government which imposed further quarantine measures.[187] Gillard and Key had previously made a symbolic bet on the outcome of the 2011 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand, whereby the losing team of either leader would eat an apple of whichever of the two countries won; New Zealand won, and Gillard would later honour the bet in February 2013, during a dinner with Key.[188]

On 15 February 2011, Gillard made her first trip to New Zealand, during which she met with Key and held a luncheon with business leaders in Auckland.[189] It marked the first New Zealand visit of a prime minister since Howard visited in 2007.[190] To conclude her two-day visit to New Zealand, Gillard travelled to Wellington on 16 February, where she became the first foreign dignitary to address the New Zealand Parliament in its history.[191] In her speech, Gillard reflected on the countries' close ties to one another, their shared defence history, and efforts to increase economic cooperation.[191] Her second visit to New Zealand, coincided with the September 2011 gathering of the Pacific Islands Forum, held in Auckland, of which both Australia and New Zealand are members.[192] Gillard made her final trip to New Zealand on 9 February 2013; visiting Queenstown, she and Prime Minister Key announced a deal on asylum seekers, which would see New Zealand accept 150 refugees annually from Australia, starting in 2014.[193][194]

United Kingdom

In relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Gillard represented Australia at the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in London in April 2011 and hosted the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Perth in October of that year.[195] The Perth CHOGM saw the historic announcement, by Gillard and British Prime Minister David Cameron, of changes to the succession laws regarding to thrones of the Commonwealth realms, overturning rules privileging male over female heirs to the line of succession and removing a ban on Roman Catholic consorts.[196] At the CHOGM, Gillard also hosted Queen Elizabeth II, for what was suggested to be the Monarch's final visit to Australia, due to her age.[197]

United States

In a 2008 speech in Washington, Gillard endorsed the ANZUS Alliance and described the United States as a civilising global influence.[198] Her former colleague and leader Mark Latham wrote in a 2009 article for the Australian Financial Review that these comments were "hypocritical", given past private communications Gillard had exchanged with him which apparently mocked elements of American foreign policy: "One of them concerned her study tour of the US, sponsored by the American Government in 2006—or to use her moniker—'a CIA re-education course'. She asked me to 'stand by for emails explaining George Bush is a great statesman, torture is justified in many circumstances and those Iraqi insurgents should just get over it'."[199]

On 9 March 2011, Gillard travelled to the United States to mark the 60th Anniversary of the ANZUS Alliance. She held formal meetings with President Barack Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. She also met with First Lady Michelle Obama, and senior US Senator John McCain.[200] Gillard addressed a joint session of the United States Congress, becoming the fourth Australian leader to do so and first foreign dignitary to address the 112th congress.[201] In her speech to Congress, Gillard reiterated Australia's diplomatic and security alliance with the United States, and noted that the United States has "a true friend down under ... In both our countries, true friends stick together – in both our countries real mates talk straight ... So as a friend I urge you only this – be worthy to your best traditions. Be bold."[201][202]

Gender politics

During the course of Gillard's prime ministership, sexism had been a contentious issue for a number of Labor and Greens Party figures, as well as some commentators.[203] Former Labor Party advisor Anne Summers said in 2012 that "Gillard is being persecuted both because she is a woman and in ways that would be impossible to apply to a man".[204] In reply, journalist Peter Hartcher wrote, "She was a woman when she was popular; she can't be unpopular now because she's a woman. The change is a result of her actions in office, not her gender."[205]

Misogyny speech

In an August 2012 press conference regarding the AWU affair, Gillard was critical of The Australian newspaper for writing about her connection to the affair and of what she called "misogynist nut jobs on the internet". Gillard said that she had been "the subject of a very sexist smear campaign".[206] In early October, the Opposition Leader's wife, Margie Abbott, accused the Gillard Government of a deliberate campaign to smear Tony Abbott, on gender issues.[207]

On 9 October 2012, Gillard also raised "sexism and misogyny" in a speech opposing a motion to remove Peter Slipper, her choice as Speaker of the House of Representatives, after revelations of inappropriate conduct on his part became public.[208] Gillard linked the speech to the context of the then ongoing Alan Jones "died of shame" controversy.[209] The speech[210] was widely reported around the world.[211] In Laos soon after for an Asian-European leaders conference, Gillard described comments by François Hollande and Helle Thorning-Schmidt: "The president of France congratulated me on the speech, as did the Prime Minister of Denmark, and some other leaders, just casually as I've moved around, have also mentioned it to me."[212][213] US president Barack Obama reportedly "complimented" Gillard on the speech in a private conversation following his re-election,[213] and his Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised the speech as "very striking" with Gillard going "chapter and verse".[214]

Labor had secured the defection of Slipper from the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) to sit in the Speaker's chair a year earlier, but he was forced to stand aside from his main duties in April 2012 pending the conclusion of a criminal investigation.[215] After a week of controversy, Gillard announced that she was asking Slipper to delay his return to the Chair pending the conclusion of concurrent civil proceedings, in an effort to dispel what she described as a "dark cloud" over her government (a reference also to the ongoing Craig Thomson affair involving a Labor MP linked to corruption allegations).[216]

2012 leadership vote

In the light of poor polling results for the Gillard Government, speculation that Foreign Minister and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd wished to challenge Gillard for the leadership culminated with Rudd resigning from the Cabinet on 22 February 2012. Rudd told the media "I can only serve as Foreign Minister if I have the confidence of Prime Minister Gillard and her senior ministers" after Gillard failed to repudiate cabinet ministers who publicly criticised Rudd and his tenure as Prime Minister.[217][218] The situation had been further exacerbated by the revelation on Four Corners that Gillard's staff wrote her victory speech for the 2010 leadership election two weeks prior to her challenge, contradicting Gillard's earlier claims that she had only resolved to challenge Rudd the day before the vote. This revelation caused particular conflict between Labor factions to surface, with Labor MP Darren Cheeseman calling on Gillard to resign, while his colleague Steve Gibbons called Rudd a "psychopath with a giant ego".[219]

After resigning, Rudd stated that he did not think Gillard could defeat the Coalition at the next election and that, since his resignation, he had received encouragement from Labor MPs and Cabinet Ministers to contest the leadership.[220] Gillard responded to these developments by announcing a leadership ballot for the morning of 27 February 2012, saying that if she lost the vote she would return to the backbench and renounce any claims to the leadership. She asked that Rudd make the same commitment.[221]

At the leadership ballot, Gillard won comfortably by a vote of 71 to 31.[222]

March 2013 leadership vote

Despite Gillard's defeating Kevin Rudd comfortably in the 2012 leadership spill, tensions remained in the Labor Party regarding Gillard's leadership.[223] After Labor's polling position worsened in the wake of Gillard announcing the date of the 2013 election, these tensions came to a head when former Labor Leader and Regional Minister Simon Crean called for a leadership spill and backed Rudd on 21 March 2013.[224] In response, Gillard sacked Crean from his position, and called a leadership spill for 4.30 pm that same day.

Ten minutes before the ballot was due to occur, Rudd publicly announced that he would not contest the leadership, in line with the commitment he had made following the 2012 contest. As such, Gillard and Wayne Swan were the only candidates for the Leadership and Deputy Leadership of the Labor Party, and were elected unopposed. This marked the first time in history that an incumbent Labor Leader was elected unopposed at a leadership ballot.[225] Several ministers subsequently resigned from the government, including Chief Government Whip Joel Fitzgibbon, Human Services Minister Kim Carr, and Energy Minister Martin Ferguson.

Gillard declared that the question of the Labor leadership was now "settled". Nevertheless, speculation on Gillard's leadership remained a major issue, with polling results indicating an electoral disaster were she to lead the Labor Party into the election. In light of this, media attention once more turned to Kevin Rudd as a possible replacement in the short term. It was reported that Gillard's supporter Bill Shorten was under pressure to ask her to resign, creating a vacancy that Rudd would contest.[226]

June 2013 leadership vote

By the end of June 2013, Labor's standing in the polls had worsened, and the Coalition had been leading in most opinion polls for two years; one poll in early June showed that Labor would be reduced to as few as 40 seats after the next election.[227] With a general election due later that year, even some staunch Gillard supporters began to believe that Labor faced almost certain defeat if Gillard continued as leader. According to the ABC's Barrie Cassidy, the question was not whether Gillard would be ousted as Labor leader, but when the ousting would take place.[228]

Following further speculation over her leadership, on 26 June a rumour emerged that supporters of Kevin Rudd were collecting signatures for a letter demanding an immediate leadership vote. That afternoon, before any letter had been published, Gillard called a leadership spill live on television.[229] She challenged any would-be opponent to join her in a pledge that, while the winner would become leader, the loser would immediately retire from politics. Despite his earlier comments that he would not return to the leadership under any circumstances, Kevin Rudd announced that he would challenge Gillard for the leadership, and committed to retiring from politics if he lost. In the party-room ballot later that evening, Rudd defeated Gillard by a margin of 57 votes to 45.[230]

Resignation and retirement from politics

Bronze bust of Julia Gillard at the Prime Minister's Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens

Following her defeat in the leadership vote on 26 June 2013, Gillard congratulated Rudd on his win and announced that she would immediately tender her resignation as Prime Minister to the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce.[231] She also announced, in keeping with her pledge before the leadership vote, that she would not re-contest her seat of Lalor at the upcoming election, and thus would retire from politics. In her final speech, she reflected on the honour of being the first female head of government in Australia and expressed confidence for the future of women leaders in Australia:

There's been a lot of analysis about the so-called 'gender wars'. Me playing the so-called 'gender card' because heavens knows no-one noticed I was a woman until I raised it [...] I've been a little bit bemused by those colleagues in the newspapers who have admitted that I have suffered more pressure as a result of my gender than other prime ministers in the past but then concluded that it had zero effect on my political position or the political position of the Labor Party. It doesn't explain everything, it doesn't explain nothing, it explains some things. And it is for the nation to think in a sophisticated way about those shades of grey. What I am absolutely confident of is it will be easier for the next woman and the woman after that and the woman after that. And I'm proud of that.[232]

Gillard's resignation as Prime Minister took effect the following day, upon the swearing in of Rudd,[233][234] and she made her final appearance in the House of Representatives shortly thereafter.[235] Her parliamentary service ended at the dissolution of the Parliament on 5 August. By the conclusion of her tenure, Gillard overtook Gough Whitlam as the 14th longest–serving Prime Minister of Australia, having served in the position for three full years.[236] She also became the longest–serving Prime Minister since John Howard's electoral loss in 2007; a record which has not been exceeded by successive Prime Ministers Rudd, Abbott, Malcolm Turnbull, or as of 2018, current Prime Minister Scott Morrison.[236]

Subsequent to the federal election held on 7 September 2013, Gillard was succeeded as the Member for Lalor by her preferred replacement, Joanne Ryan, a former school principal.[237][238][239]

Political positions

Political philosophy

Although nominally a member of the Victorian Left faction of the Labor Party,[240] her election to Prime Minister occurred because of support from the Right factions of the party, with the hard Left planning to support Rudd in the Caucus vote had there actually been one.[241] Analyses of Jacqueline Kent's 2009 biography of Gillard suggest that her membership in the Left faction is "more organisational than ideological".[6][240] In July 2010, historian Ross Fitzgerald said, "... at least since [2009] Gillard has sought to reposition herself more towards the Labor Right."[242]

Civil liberties and democracy

Gillard supports Australia becoming a republic and has suggested that the end of Queen Elizabeth II's reign would be "probably the appropriate point for a transition".[243] Following the elevation of republican Malcolm Turnbull to the prime-ministership in September 2015, Gillard along with Rudd tweeted their support for Peter FitzSimons, the head of the Australian Republican Movement, and his call for new members to join the movement.[244]

Following the November 2010 release of secret United States diplomatic cables, Gillard stated, "I absolutely condemn the placement of this information on the WikiLeaks website. It's a grossly irresponsible thing to do and an illegal thing to do."[245][246][247] After an Australian Federal Police investigation failed to find WikiLeaks had broken any Australian laws by publishing the US diplomatic documents, Gillard maintained her stance that the release of the documents was "grossly irresponsible".[248]

Social policy

Gillard expressed support for legal abortion in 2005, saying that "Women without money would be left without that choice or in the hands of backyard abortion providers" and that she understood "the various moral positions" regarding abortions.[249] Pertaining to unplanned pregnancies and counselling, Gillard is of the view that women ought to be couselled by someone of their choice – as opposed to only trained professionals referred to by their general practitioners.[250] In August 2012, Gillard reiterated her position in support of abortion, stating that "Women must have the right to healthcare and women must have the right to choose."[251]

In response to a 2012 report by think-tank Australia 21, which recommended the relaxation of illicit drug laws in Australia, Gillard rejected the report and claimed that "drugs kill people they rip families apart, they destroy lives ... I am not in favour of decriminalisation of any of our drug laws."[252][253]

Concerning euthanasia, Gillard warned that it may "open the door to exploitation and perhaps callousness towards people in the end stage of life" and that she is not convinced that the policy of pro-euthanasia advocates contain "sufficient safeguards".[254]

Gillard, as a member of parliament, voted against a bill that would have legalised same-sex marriage in Australia in 2011.[255] In 2010 she stated "the Marriage Act is appropriate in its current form, that is recognising that marriage is between a man and a woman" and that marriage being between a man and woman "has a special status".[254][256][257] The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.[149] When the private members bill was introduced by Labor backbencher Stephen Jones, it was defeated in the House of Representatives on 19 September 2012.[154] In September 2014, Gillard said that the "course of human history now is that we are going to see same-sex marriage here and in, you know, most parts of the developed world."[258] She declared her support for same-sex marriage in August 2015.[255]

Post-political career (2013–present)

Publications and appearances

Gillard delivers a keynote address to the National Assembly for Wales on the representation of women in public life, in July 2015

In July 2013, Gillard signed a book deal for her memoirs with Penguin Australia.[259] The autobiography, My Story, was published in 2014 by Random House.[260] In the book, Gillard reflects on various personal aspects of her life and career, including her own analysis of the people and key players during the Rudd–Gillard Governments. Senator Nick Xenophon was said to have been "infamously excluded from university for a period as punishment for stuffing a ballot box full of voting papers he had somehow procured", which was denied by Xenophon. In February 2015, Random House issued a public apology to Xenophon and paid a confidential cash settlement.[261] Following requests from Xenophon for a personal apology from Gillard, on 6 August 2015 she published a personal apology to him in a number of Australian newspapers.[262]

Following her departure from parliament at the 2013 election, Gillard has remained engaged with the Labor Party. After Labor's defeat at the federal election held in September 2013, Gillard penned an op-ed for Guardian Australia, wherein she wrote about her legacy and how she believes the Labor Party ought to rebuild.[263][264] In June 2015, Gillard participated in Sarah Ferguson's The Killing Season, a three-part documentary series which chronicles the events of the Rudd–Gillard years in power. The television series featured in-depth interviews with key Labor Party officials during the Rudd–Gillard Governments.[265] Prior to the 2016 election campaign, Gillard offered her assistance to the Labor party, whereby a video was released of her endorsing and seeking donations for the party's education policy.[266] She later joined former Labor Prime Ministers Bob Hawke and Paul Keating at Bill Shorten's Labor campaign launch on 19 June 2016.[267]

She had been a supporter of Hillary Clinton's Democratic Party candidacy for President of the United States, from as early as September 2014 when Gillard announced that she would "loudly barrack from the sidelines" should Clinton run.[268] Having endorsed Clinton after she announced her candidacy in April 2015,[269] Gillard appeared in a campaign video in October, wherein she advocated for the presidential candidate and her leadership surrounding women's issues.[270][271] Gillard attended the first day of the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia on 25 July 2016, alongside former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.[272] The following day, Gillard published an open letter to Clinton in the New York Times, urging voters to "shame sexism" levied against the Democratic presidential candidate.[273][274]

Honours and appointments

In April 2014, Gillard was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Victoria University, honoris causa, for her accomplishments surrounding education and disability reform as a political leader.[275] On 11 February 2015, Gillard received an honorary doctorate from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel "for her achievements as a woman committed to education and to social inclusion, and for the impact of her commitment on the situation of children, youngsters and women worldwide";[276] and she also held a Kapuscinski Development Lecture on "the importance of education in development contexts" at the said university.[277][278] In October, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Canberra, for her work in "education and gender equality."[279] In January 2016 she opened the Julia Gillard Library in the Melbourne suburb of Tarneit; the library's name was selected by the Wyndham City Council to recognise her contributions as both the local member of parliament and Prime Minister.[280][281] Gillard was conferred an Honorary Doctorate of Laws by Deakin University, for her promotion of "education opportunities in Australia, especially to groups under-represented in higher education", in December 2016.[282][283]

Gillard at the Girls' Education Forum, held in London on 7 July 2016

Having moved back to Adelaide, Gillard was appointed an honorary Visiting Professor of Politics at the University of Adelaide in 2013.[284][285] In October of that year, she joined the Brookings Institution's Center for Universal Education as a nonresident senior fellow.[286] In February 2014, Gillard was appointed chairwoman of the Global Partnership for Education, an international organisation focused on getting all children into school for a quality education in the world's poorest countries.[287] Later that year, in December, Gillard joined the board of the mental health organisation Beyond Blue, chaired by former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett.[288] Kennett announced on 21 March 2017 that he would be stepping down from the position during the second–half of the year, almost 17 years after founding the organisation; Gillard succeeded him as chair of Beyond Blue on 1 July 2017, becoming the first former Prime Minister since Malcolm Fraser to head a mental-health organisation.[289] Since February 2015 she has been the patron of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library at Curtin University in Perth.[290][291] On 30 June 2015, she was conferred with a fellowship from Aberystwyth University in recognition of her "significant contribution to political life".[292] In September 2016 Gillard was appointed a visiting professor at King's College London, joining the King's Policy Institute to chair the Global Institute for Women's Leadership, as well as the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies.[293]

In 2017, Gillard was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) "for eminent service to the Parliament of Australia, particularly as Prime Minister, through seminal contributions to economic and social development, particularly policy reform in the areas of education, disability care, workplace relations, health, foreign affairs and the environment, and as a role model to women."[294][295] According to The West Australian, one of her nominators for the award was then–Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who wrote a letter testifying to her suitability for the honour in 2014.[296] Gillard is the most recent former prime minister to have received such award since John Howard in 2008, and the sixth prime minister overall.[297] In July 2017 she took up her appointment as chair of Beyond Blue.[298]

In 2018 she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.[299]

Personal life

Gillard with her partner, Tim Mathieson, in 2013

Gillard met Tim Mathieson in 2004, and they have been in a relationship since 2006.[300][301]

Gillard's mother told ABC TV's Australian Story program that Gillard had spoken from a young age of never wanting children. Gillard herself told the program that while she admired women who could balance child rearing with a career, "I'm not sure I could have. There's something in me that's focused and single-minded and if I was going to do that, I'm not sure I could have done this."[302]

Gillard owned a single-storey home in the south-western Melbourne suburb of Altona[303] which she occupied prior to The Lodge and sold in December 2013.[304] She is a public supporter of the Western Bulldogs Australian rules football team[305] and the Melbourne Storm rugby league team.[306] She currently resides in Adelaide, in the beachside suburb of Brighton.[307]

Gillard was brought up in the Baptist tradition, but is non-religious. In a 2010 interview, when asked if she believed in God, she stated: "No, I don't ... I'm not a religious person ... I'm a great respecter of religious beliefs but they're not my beliefs."[308][309] Comparing Australia to the United States in a 2013 interview with The Washington Post, she stated: "I think it would be inconceivable for me if I were an American to have turned up at the highest echelon of American politics being an atheist, single and childless."[310] In her 2014 autobiography, My Story, Gillard stated, "Kevin had to be the leader in our alliance because I understood that I was not what Labor needed at that point: a woman, not married, an atheist."[311]

AWU affair

Main article: AWU affair

Gillard worked in the industrial department of the law firm Slater & Gordon from 1988 through to 1995.[312] In the early 1990s, she was in a relationship with Bruce Wilson, an official of the Australian Workers' Union (AWU).[313][314][315] Gillard provided pro-bono legal assistance to help establish the AWU Workplace Reform Association for Wilson and his associate Ralph Blewitt.[316] She was also involved in providing legal services in relation to the purchase of a Fitzroy property by Wilson and Blewitt. Wilson and Blewitt have been accused of creating the association to use a slush fund for personal benefit, including diverting funds for the purchase of the house in Fitzroy.[317]

Slater & Gordon investigated Gillard's conduct and concluded that she had no case to answer.[25][318][319] Gillard has denied any wrongdoing.[320] A subsequent Royal Commission into union corruption found that Gillard had not committed or known of any criminal activity, but had displayed a lapse in professional judgement.[321]

Works

• Gillard, Julia (2014). My Story. Random House Australia. ISBN 978-0-85798-391-6.

See also

• At Home with Julia, a satirical television series
• List of elected or appointed female heads of government
• List of female heads of government in Australia

References

1. "The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Member for Lalor (Vic)". Australian House of Representatives. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
2. "Julia Gillard comes from a village called Cwmgwrach, which means 'The Valley of the Witch'". The Australian. 26 June 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
3. "Australian Story—Julia Gillard Interview Transcript". ABC. 6 March 2006. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
4. Peatling, Stephanie (8 September 2012). "Gillard expected to leave APEC because of father's death". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
5. "Précis of Julia Eileen Gillard's Ancestry". Mormon News Room Online. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
6. "The Other Biography: Jacqueline Kent's "The Making of Julia Gillard" by Christine Wallace". The Monthly. Schwartz Publishing. October 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
7. Wills, Daniel (24 June 2010). "Julia Gillard's parents 'elated'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
8. "Julia Gillard in Person". Counterpoint. 20 September 2004. Radio National. Transcript.
9. "Migrant history at Pennington commemorated". South Australian Community History. Government of South Australia. 9 October 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
10. "Finsbury / Pennington". Migration Museum. Government of South Australia. 9 October 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
11. "Prime Minister Julia Gillard". Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
12. "Julia Gillard". Forbes.com LLC. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
13. "Gillard addresses students at former high school". ABC News. 14 December 2006. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
14. "Prime Minister a history maker for us too". Adelaidean. University of Adelaide. 5 August 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
15. Simons, Margaret (16 February 1983). "Room at the top on the campus". The Age. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
16. Wright, Lincoln (7 August 2007). "Will Julia Gillard's past cause red faces?". Herald Sun. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
17. Le Grand, Chip. (4 December 2012). "Gillard style already in place when the ratbag lefties met in 1984". The Australian. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
18. "Notable alumni". University of Melbourne. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
19. Davis, Mark (24 June 2010). "Focus and ambition drive her success". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
20. "Faces of Julia". The Age. 21 June 2003. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
21. "Before office". Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
22. Davis, Mark (24 June 2010). "Building ambition from the sandpit of politics". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
23. Malkin, Bonnie (24 June 2010). "Julia Gillard: profile". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
24. "'No contradiction' on Julia Gillard information". The Australian. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
25. Coorey, Phillip (20 August 2012). "Gillard cleared of wrongdoing by former employer". The Age. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
26. "Abbott presses Gillard over union corruption role". The Australian Financial Review. 20 August 2012.
27. Summers, Anne (25 June 2010). "Historic moment, but barriers remain for half the population". The Age. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
28. "Ms Julia Gillard MP, Member for Lalor (Vic), First speech to Parliament". Parliament of Australia. 11 November 1998. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
29. "Crean names new team". ABC News. 18 February 2003. Archived from the original on 25 April 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
30. Hudson, Phillip (2 July 2003). "ALP rising star for key health role". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
31. Wroe, David (30 September 2003). "Doctor groups hail promotion of 'head kicker'". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
32. Banham, Cynthia (3 December 2003). "Gillard's loyalty pays off". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
33. Grattan, Michelle (22 January 2005). "Beazley no to Gillard as deputy". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
34. "The Gillard Diaries". Australian Story. 6 March 2006. ABC. Transcript.
35. "Julia Gillard preferred ALP leader: poll". The Age. 2 April 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
36. Grattan, Michelle (27 January 2005). "Gillard tells Beazley to be a bold leader". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
37. Hudson, Phillip; Coorey, Phillip (1 December 2006). "Rudd, Gillard confirm challenge". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
38. Coorey, Phillip (5 December 2006). "We'll rebuild nation, says Rudd". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
39. Grattan, Michelle (11 December 2006). "Plums for Rudd men in shadow reshuffle". The Age. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
40. Marriner, Cosima (26 November 2007). "Gillard reveals: it was the go-girl factor". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
41. Vincent, Michael (30 November 2007). "Gillard's super-ministry a 'very ambitious task'". ABC News. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
42. Taylor, Lenore (9 November 2009). "The Rudd gang of four". The Australian. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
43. Crabb, Annabel (15 July 2011). "Prime Minister, interrupted". The Monthly. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
44. Kerin, Lindy (10 December 2007). "Gillard makes Aust history as female acting PM". ABC News. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
45. Norington, Brad (24 November 2008). "Business as usual for Gillard the caretaker". The Australian. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
46. van Onselen, Peter (14 March 2009). "Shorten pathway to a Gillard future". The Australian. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
47. Harrison, Dan (19 October 2009). "Ms Gillard goes to Washington". The Age. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
48. Kent, Jacqueline 2010, The Making of Julia Gillard, p. 318
49. Foo, Fran (29 September 2009). "Job boost from NSW school laptops". The Australian. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
50. Bita, Natasha (10 September 2009). "Grant to trail girl to next school". The Australian. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
51. Bita, Natasha (22 October 2009). "Julia Gillard to reclaim school payouts". The Australian. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
52. McGaw, Garry (1 June 2013). "A test to suit the 21st century". The Australian. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
53. Gillard, Julia (28 January 2010). "Julia Gillard answers questions about the new My School website". Herald Sun. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
54. Knapp, Peter (7 April 2012). "Finding meaning the greatest test". The Australian. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
55. Viellaris, Renee (20 March 2009). "WorkChoices finally dead: Julia Gillard". The Australian. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
56. "PM promises not to extend Work Choices". The Age. 15 October 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
57. "The Gillard Coup | Q&A". ABC. 28 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
58. Harvey, Michael (23 June 2010). "Federal Labor MPs moving to axe Kevin Rudd and replace him with Julia Gillard". Herald Sun. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
59. "7.30: Carbon Tax, Border Protection and Leadership". ABC. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
60. "Four Corners – 16/08/2010: Program Transcript". ABC. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
61. "Julia Gillard, Prime Minister After Labor Leadership Challenge". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 June 2010.
62. "7.30—Gillard takes top job in bloodless coup". ABC. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
63. "PM Julia Gillard stiched up Kevin Rudd". 21 October 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
64. Kerr, Christian; Franklin, Matthew (24 June 2010). "Julia Gillard 'honoured' to become prime minister as Kevin Rudd stands aside". The Australian. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
65. Curtis, Lyndal; Hall, Eleanor (24 June 2010). "Gillard becomes first female PM". ABC News. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
66. Farr, Malcolm; Rehn, Alison; Lewis, Steve; Benson, Simon (24 June 2010). "Julia Gillard is Australia's new Prime Minister". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
67. "SHE SAYS: 'Why I had to knife Kevin Rudd' – Gillard confirms leadership spill". News.com.au. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
68. Levy, Megan (24 June 2010). "Labor Party was losing its way under Rudd: Gillard". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
69. "Gillard moves into The Lodge". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
70. "Julia Gillard still has the numbers in any leadership vote with Kevin Rudd, says Nicola Roxon". The Australian. 18 February 2012.
71. Koranyi, Balazs (17 July 2010). "Australian PM Gillard calls August 21 election". Reuters.
72. "Gillard defends 'moving forward' mantra". ABC News. 19 July 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
73. "Gillard confronts questions over deal with Rudd". ABC News. 28 March 1989. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
74. Hudson, Phillip (2 August 2010). "Julia Gillard ditches campaign script for the 'real' Julia but admits tactic is risky". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
75. Archer, Lincoln (25 July 2010). "Leaders debate verdict: Tony Abbott vs Julia Gillard – so who won?". News.com.au.
76. Collerton, Sarah. (12 August 2010). "Abbott named people's choice at Rooty Hill". ABC News. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
77. "Undecided Voters Question Abbott And Gillard in Brisbane". Brisbane Times. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
78. "Julia Gillard joins Q and A". Q&A. ABC. 9 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
79. "Mark Latham confronts Gillard". SBS World News. 7 August 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
80. "Julia Gillard launches Labor campaign five days before Australian election". The Guardian. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
81. Colebatch, Tim (13 August 2010). "72 all – Brisbane to Coalition and Corangamite to ALP: SMH 28 August 2010". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
82. "Voters leave Australia hanging". ABC News. 21 August 2010.
83. "Australia count begins after tight election race". BBC News. 21 August 2010.
84. "Australia heads for hung parliament". BBC News. 21 August 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
85. "Where it's at: Independents' seven key demands". ABC News. 26 August 2010.
86. "Independents stand firm in face of fear campaign". ABC News. 3 September 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
87. "Labor ahead in strategic power game". The Australian. 4 September 2010.
88. "The choice for the independents is now clearer". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 September 2010.
89. Stephanie Peatling and Heath Aston:It's good to be Greens, as balance of power tipped, in SMH, 18 July 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
90. Maher, Sid. (18 July 2010). "Greens set to grab balance of power". The Australian. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
91. Grattan, Michelle (3 September 2010). "Abbott's Costings Blow Out | Wilkie Sides With Labor". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
92. Rodgers, Emma. (7 September 2010). "Labor day: Gillard retains grip on power". ABC News. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
93. Coorey, Phillip (17 July 2010). "Gillard seeks mandate to take Australia forward". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
94. "Wait finally over as Independent Tony Windsor chooses Julia Gillard as Prime Minister". The Australian. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
95. Rodgers, Emma (7 September 2010). "Labor clings to power". ABC News. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
96. "Gillard sworn in as PM as ministers arrive at Government House". The Age. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
97. Kelly, Paul (15 December 2012). "Addiction to over-promising in Julia Gillard's 'government for all seasons'". The Australian. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
98. "23 June Press Conference". YouTube. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
99. "Gillard becomes first female PM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
100. Blair, Tim (21 December 2012). "Failure is not an option". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
101. Bolt, Andrew. (30 October 2012). "Gillard no longer promises her surplus". Herald Sun. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
102. "Wayne Swan warns a revenue slump will make it harder to deliver a budget surplus". The Australian. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
103. Uhlmann, Chris (9 May 2012). "7.30: Prime Minister responds to budget and scandal". ABC News. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
104. "Swan says budget surplus now unlikely". News.com.au. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
105. "Rural doctors question Gillard pledge". ABC News. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
106. Karvelas, Patricia; Cresswell, Adam (28 July 2010). "Labor to expand the mental health front line". The Australian. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
107. "Transcript of joint press conference: 25 October 2010: Pink Ribbon Day; health funding; MRRT; John Howard's biography; abortion; Caucus; health specialists; interest rates; Prime Minister's travel". Parliament of Australia. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
108. "Tony Abbott says Julia Gillard's revamped health reform package is yet another backdown". The Australian. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
109. Franklin, Matthew (14 February 2011). "Gillard seals health overhaul". The Australian. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
110. "States sign Gillard's $20b health deal". The Australian. Australian Associated Press. 2 August 2011.
111. "Gillard shuts door on 'big Australia'". ABC News. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
112. "Big Australia? Try for size Even Bigger Australia: research". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
113. Franklin, Matthew (1 October 2011). "Big Australia back on the agenda, says Craig Emerson". The Australian.
114. "This is no Pacific Solution: Gillard". ABC News. 7 July 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
115. "Smith still backs asylum plan". ABC News. 13 July 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
116. Kelly, Joe (25 July 2010). "East Timor's parliament rejects Gillard plan for regional asylum-seeker centre". The Australian. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
117. Karvelas, Patricia; Maley, Paul (19 October 2010). "PM Julia Gillard softens detention stance". The Australian. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
118. "Timeline of Christmas Island tragedy". News.com.au. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
119. "Christmas Island tragedy left 'more dead than alive'". The West Australian. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
120. Marks, Kathy (16 December 2010). "The tragedy that shames Australia". The Independent.
121. "Refugee advocate blames Government, Andrew Bolt calls for Julia Gillard's resignation". news.com.au. 16 December 2010.
122. Walker, Jamie; Maley, Paul (17 December 2010). "Christmas Island tragedy forces review of ALP's asylum stance". The Australian.
123. Massola, James (12 September 2011). "Prime Minister Julia Gillard wins backing on Malaysia Solution". The Australian.
124. "Detention centre for Pontville Tasmania News". The Mercury. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
125. "Buildings torched in Villawood riot". ABC News. 21 April 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
126. "Gillard announces Malaysian solution". The Age. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
127. "High Court scuttles Malaysia swap deal". ABC News. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
128. Gordon, Michael (1 September 2011). "The Malaysia solution is shipwrecked". The Age. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
129. Packham, Ben (12 August 2012). "Labor to act quickly to reopen Nauru, PNG asylum-seeker processing centres". The Australian. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
130. Caldwell, Anna (16 August 2012). "Offshore asylum laws through Parliament". Adelaide Now. Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
131. "PM Julia Gillard's speech to the National Press Club – Moving forward to a stronger and fairer economy". The Australian. 15 July 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
132. "Gillard mum on Rudd 'resignation deal' claim". The Age. 15 July 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
133. "Keep your back-to-school receipts: PM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 January 2011.
134. (2 August 2013). "What's in the Gonski Report?". ABC News. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
135. (December 2011). Gonski Review of Funding for Schooling Final Report. Pandora Archive. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
136. Chalmers, Emma; Chilcott, Tanya (18 November 2010). "MySchool 2.0 website to give parents better information about their child's education". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
137. "Delay for uni standards legislation". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 November 2010.
138. "Rudd: 'I was framed for Julia's mistakes'". News.com.au. 24 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
139. Morton, Adam; Arup, Tom (23 July 2010). "PM pledges 'people's assembly' on climate". The Age.
140. Massola, James; Maiden, Samantha (1 September 2010). "Gillard PM dumps citizens assembly as Labor, Greens strike alliance deal". The Australian. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
141. "PM says no carbon tax under her govt". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
142. Leslie, Tim (24 February 2011). "Gillard unveils Carbon Price Details". ABC News.
143. Hudson, Phillip (26 February 2011). "Tony Abbott calls for election on carbon tax". Herald Sun. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
144. Johnston, Matt (12 October 2011). "Carbon tax bills pass lower house of federal Parliament". Herald Sun. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
145. "Carbon tax gets green light in Senate: SMH 8 November 2011". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
146. "Interview with PM Julia Gillard". Radio National AM. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
147. "Wilkie withdraws support over broken pokies deal". ABC News. 21 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
148. Peatling, Stephanie (21 January 2012). "PM unveils compromise deal over pokies reform". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
149. Franklin, Matthew (5 December 2011). "Wake-up call that drove PM towards tactical switch". The Australian.
150. "Labor decides on conscience vote for gay marriage". ABC News. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
151. "Labor backs same-sex marriage". News Corporation. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
152. "Inquiry into the Marriage Equality Amendment Bill 2012 and the Marriage Amendment Bill 2012". House Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
153. "Lower House votes down same-sex marriage bill". ABC News. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
154. Cullen, Simon (19 September 2012). "Lower House votes down same-sex marriage bill". ABC News. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
155. Wright, Tony, and Wroe, David (22 March 2013). "Forced adoptions apology was PM at her finest". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
156. "Gillard delivers apology to victims of forced adoption". ABC News. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
157. Gillard, Julia (23 March 2013). "National Apology for Forced Adoptions, Prime Minister Julia Gillard in Canberra, Thursday March 21, 2013 (transcript)". News.com.au. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
158. "7.30—Gillard on Afghanistan". ABC. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
159. "Kevin Rudd new Foreign Minister". The Daily Telegraph. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
160. Wright, Jessica; Ireland, Judith (2 March 2012). "Bob Carr to take foreign affairs role". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
161. "Kiwi Bali bomb victims remembered". Stuff.co.nz. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
162. "AS IT HAPPENED: Barack Obama defeats Mitt Romney to win second term as US president". News.com.au. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
163. Greber, Jacob (20 March 2011). "Australia's Gillard Backs Military Action to End Libya Violence". Bloomberg L.P.
164. 'Australia in the Asian Century' White Paper. Australian Embassy (China). Retrieved 4 January 2016
165. Eastley, Tony and, Millar, Lisa (19 October 2012). "Australia wins seat on UN Security Council". ABC News. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
166. Burchill, Scott (30 June 2010). "Gillard's fawning over Obama a bad start on diplomatic front". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
167. "Gillard makes surprise visit to Afghanistan". ABC News. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
168. Hayward, Andrea (18 November 2010). "Australian Prime Minister Gillard closes debate on Afghanistan". Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
169. Probyn, Andrew (7 November 2011). "Gillard makes surprise Afghanistan visit". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
170. Grattan, Michelle (17 April 2012). "Most troops home by next year's end". The Australian. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
171. Probyn, Andrew (17 April 2012). "Gillard makes surprise Afghanistan visit". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
172. Maher, Sid (15 October 2012). "Gillard in surprise visit to troops in Afghanistan". The Weekend Australian. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
173. Howarth, Brad (24 January 2013). "Forging bilateral ties". Australia Unlimited. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
174. Wilkie, Simone (25 November 2013). "Nov/Dec 2013 Australian Defence Force" (PDF). Australian Defence Force Journal (192): 91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
175. "Australia's Labor party backs uranium sales to India". BBC News. 4 December 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
176. Packham, Ben (4 December 2011). "Labor backs sale of uranium to India". The Australian. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
177. "An opportunity for sound and fury signifying something". The Age. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
178. "PM changes mind on uranium sales to India". ABC News. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
179. Hudson, Phillip (16 October 2012). "Prime Minister Julia Gillard will start negotiations to sell uranium to India". The Advertiser. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
180. Grattan, Michelle; Doherty, Ben (19 October 2012). "PM's visit opens new chapter with India". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
181. Williams, Matthias; Tripathy, Devidutta (16 October 2012). "India, Australia weigh uranium deal during Gillard visit". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
182. Edwards, Michael (18 October 2012). "Gillard paves the way for uranium sales to India". Radio Australia. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
183. Hernandez, Vittorio (19 August 2014). "PM Tony Abbott to Sign Julia Gillard-Brokered Uranium Deal With India". International Business Times. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
184. Moscaritolo, Maria (1 September 2009). "Foreign student issue requires decisive action". The Advertiser. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
185. Verghis, Sharon (10 September 2009). "Australia: Attacks on Indian Students Raise Racism Cries". TIME. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
186. Van Well, Alex; Watkins, Tracy (24 June 2010). "Gillard first female Aussie PM". The Press. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
187. Cheng, Derek (1 December 2010). "Australia bows to ruling on NZ apples". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
188. "PM has bite of bet-losing apple". The West Australian. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
189. "Gillard arrives in NZ". ABC News. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
190. Woodley, Naomi (16 February 2011). "Gillard gives historic speech to NZ Parliament". ABC News. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
191. "Gillard praises ties with New Zealand". ABC News. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
192. Chapman, Paul (15 September 2011). "Gillard gives historic speech to NZ Parliament". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
193. Watkins, Tracy (9 February 2013). "Gillard strikes refugee deal with New Zealand". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
194. Nicholson, Brendan (10 February 2013). "New Zealand to take 150 asylum-seekers from Australia". The Australian. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
195. "Australian guests enjoyed royal wedding". The Australian. Australian Associated Press. 30 April 2011.
196. "AM – Realm nations approve equality in succession 29/10/2011". ABC News. 29 October 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
197. "Royal tour of Australia: The Queen ends visit with traditional 'Aussie barbie'". The Telegraph. 29 October 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
198. Crabb, Annabel (22 August 2009). "Latham's cheap shot fails to wound". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
199. "Latham lashes out at 'hypocrite' Gillard". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
200. Coorey, Phillip (9 March 2011). "Gillard singles out inspiring Clinton". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
201. Coorey, Phillip (10 March 2011). "Gillard pushes the right buttons as she woos the US". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
202. Franklin, Matthew, and Kenny, Mark (10 March 2011). "Julia Gillard's speech in the US Congress marks a new era". Herald Sun. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
203. Simon Benson cited in Summers, Anne. "The gender agenda: Gillard and the politics of sexism". The Age. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
204. Summers, Anne (31 August 2012). "Her Rights at Work (R-rated version), The Political Persecution of Australia's First Female Prime Minister". Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
205. Hartcher, Peter (6 October 2012). "Fire was lit a long time ago". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
206. Lane, Sabra (23 August 2012). "PM hits out at 'sexist smear campaign'". ABC News. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
207. "Wife defends Abbott over sexism claims". ABC News. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
208. Lester, Amelia (9 October 2012). "Ladylike: Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech". The New Yorker. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
209. McDonald, Mark (11 October 2012). "Australian Leader Unleashes Blistering Speech". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
210. "Transcript of Julia Gillard's speech". The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
211. "Gillard's misogyny speech goes global". ABC News. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
212. Ireland, Judith (7 November 2012). "World leaders back my 'misogyny' speech, says Gillard". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
213. Farr, Malcolm (9 November 2012). "Obama praises Gillard's sexism speech". The Australian. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
214. Ferguson, Sarah (16 June 2014). "Hillary Clinton says 'no place for sexism in politics'". 7.30. ABC. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
215. Hudson, Phillip (30 April 2012). "Troubles all of her own making". Herald Sun. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
216. "In quotes: Gillard moves to dispel 'dark cloud'". ABC News. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
217. "Rudd resigns as foreign minister". SBS World News. 26 February 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
218. Benson, Simon (23 February 2012). "Kevin Rudd had dinner with Kim Beazley before all hell broke loose". Daily Telegraph (Sydney). Retrieved 23 February 2012.
219. "Wilkie convinced Rudd will launch challenge". ABC News. 15 May 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
220. Toohey, Paul (23 February 2012). "Kevin Rudd speaks for the first time since his resignation as foreign minister". Daily Telegraph (Sydney). Retrieved 23 February 2012.
221. "Julia Gillard calls leadership ballot to end 'squabbling'". BBC News. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
222. "Julia Gillard wins Labor leadership ballot". The Australian. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
223. Editor, Political (18 February 2013). "Kevin Rudd's the man who won't go away for Labor". News.com.au. Retrieved 22 March 2013.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
224. "Labor leadership crisis". ABC News. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
225. Farr, Malcolm (21 March 2013). "Rudd shies away from PM challenge". News.com.au. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
226. Uhlmann, Chris (11 June 2013). "Labor's predicted election defeat raises leadership questions". ABC News. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
227. "Julia Gillard loses significant support among caucus". ABC News. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
228. Cassidy, Barrie (9 June 2013). "Is Gillard's number up?". ABC News. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
229. Bryant, Nick (6 June 2013). "Kevin Rudd ousts Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard". BBC News. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
230. "Labor leadership live: Kevin Rudd returns, Julia Gillard loses support of partyroom". News.com.au. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
231. "Labor leadership live: Kevin Rudd returns, Julia Gillard loses support of partyroom". News.com.au. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
232. Gillard, Julia (27 June 2013). "Julia Gillard tells of 'privilege' of being first female PM". ABC News. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
233. "Correspondence to the Governor-General from the Hon. Julia Gillard MP and the Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, 26 and 27 June 2013". Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
234. Griffith, Emma (26 June 2013). "Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard 57-45 in Labor leadership ballot, paving way for a return to PM". ABC News. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
235. "Former prime minister Julia Gillard fights back tears during emotional farewell speech". News.com.au. 27 June 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
236. Byrd, Joshua; Liddy, Matt (25 August 2018). "Leadership instability might feel modern – it's actually a return to our roots". ABC News. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
237. Gordon, Michael; Gordon, Josh (8 July 2013). "Clash looming for Gillard and Shorten candidates in Lalor". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2016.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
238. Griffiths, Emma (11 July 2013). "Diplomat parachuted in to contest Lalor preselection, admits being ALP member for less than a month". ABC News. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
239. "Joanne Ryan wins Labor preselection for Julia Gillard's seat of Lalor". ABC News. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
240. Mares, Peter (7 December 2009). "The Making of Julia Gillard". Australian Policy Online. (book review)
241. Coorey, Phillip; Lester, Tim (24 June 2010). "Julia Gillard, Prime Minister After Labor Leadership Challenge". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
242. Fitzgerald, Ross. "Say, weren't you left-wing? ", The Australian, Sydney, 3 July 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
243. Hall, Eleanor (17 August 2010). "PM wants change of monarchy before republic". ABC News. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
244. Butler, Josh (17 September 2015). "Australian Republic Push Gets Support From Kevin Rudd, Julia Gillard". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
245. "WikiLeaks acting illegally, says Gillard". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
246. "PM can't say what law WikiLeaks has broken". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
247. Hawley, Samantha (9 December 2010). "Wilkie scathing of PM's response to WikiLeaks". ABC News. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
248. Kelly, Joe (17 December 2010). "Law not broken by WikiLeaks' publication of US cables: AFP". The Australian. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
249. "Gillard warns on abortion funding". The Age. 3 February 2005. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
250. Peatling, Stephanie (20 February 2006). "Abortion counselling: the choice is yours". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
251. Peatling, Stephanie (26 August 2012). "I'll protect abortion rights, says Gillard". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
252. Vasek, Lanei (3 April 2012). "Julia Gillard is at odds with Bob Carr on the decriminalisation of illicit drugs". The Australian. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
253. Metherell, Mark (3 April 2012). "Gillard and Carr divided over decriminalisation of drugs". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
254. Kelly, Paul (21 March 2011). "PM offers no hope to social Left". The Australian. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
255. Crowe, David (26 August 2015). "Julia Gillard declares support for gay marriage". The Australian. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
256. "Gillard against gay marriage". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
257. Maher, Sid (21 March 2011). "Julia Gillard makes stand as a social conservative". The Australian.
258. Henderson, Anna (23 September 2014). "Gillard says same-sex marriage a matter of time". ABC News. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
259. "Julia Gillard signs tell-all book deal with Penguin Australia – report". News.com.au. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
260. Gillard, Julia (2014), My story, Random House Australia, ISBN 978-0-85798-390-9
261. Jean, Peter (23 February 2015). "SA Senator Nick Xenophon receives apology, cash settlement for incorrect claim in Julia Gillard's autobiography". The Advertiser. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
262. Kelly, Joe (6 August 2015). "Julia Gillard's apology to Nick Xenophon for error in My Story". The Australian. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
263. Gillard, Julia (14 September 2013). "Julia Gillard writes on power, purpose and Labor's future". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
264. Kimmorley, Sarah (14 September 2013). "Julia Gillard Has Published An Essay About Her Time As Prime Minister and the Broken Culture of the ALP". Business Insider. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
265. Byrnes, Holly (26 May 2015). "Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd savage over Labor leadership in new ABC interview series". News.com.au. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
266. Viellaris, Renee (5 February 2016). "Julia Gillard ends political exile to seek donations to help Labor sell education policy". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
267. Wright, Tony (19 June 2016). "Federal election 2016: Rudd gets short shrift from Shorten in roll call of leaders". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
268. "Julia Gillard: electing Hillary Clinton as US president would hurt Isis". The Guardian. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
269. Zielinski, Caroline (14 April 2015). "Former prime minister Julia Gillard publicly backs Hillary Clinton for 2016 US President". News.com.au. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
270. Massola, James (20 October 2015). "Julia Gillard endorses Hillary Clinton for US President in star-studded campaign video". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
271. Keany, Francis (20 October 2015). "Julia Gillard advocates for Hillary Clinton in campaign video for US presidential hopeful". ABC News. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
272. Gillard, Julia (25 July 2016). "With @Madeleine & @JenGranholm for #TruthMatters with #DemsInPhilly today – JG". Twitter. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
273. Gillard, Julia (26 July 2016). "Hillary Clinton's Convention: Day 2 – First Woman to First Woman". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
274. Cooper, Luke (27 July 2016). "Julia Gillard's Advice To America: Shame Sexism Against Clinton". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
275. "Dr Julia Gillard: The most powerful thing in our world is the power of education". vu.edu.au. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
276. "VUB honorary doctorate for Julia Gillard". Vrije Universiteit Brussel. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
277. "Education – a key driver for development". Vrije Universiteit Brussel. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
278. "Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard lectures on education and development". European Commission, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
279. "Julia Gillard receives honorary doctorate from University of Canberra". The Canberra Times. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
280. "Julia Gillard Library Opens in Tarneit". Media release. The Hon. Daniel Adams MP. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
281. Saban, Adem (30 September 2015). "Tarneit library name to honour Julia Gillard". Star Weekly. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
282. "Honorary Degrees Committee – Review of Honorary Degrees 2016" (PDF). Deakin University. 8 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
283. "Julia Gillard receives doctorate from Deakin University". Geelong Advertiser. 16 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
284. "Julia Gillard to receive honorary professorship from the University of Adelaide". ABC News. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
285. "Former prime minister Julia Gillard delighted with new Adelaide University role as visiting professor". ABC News. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
286. "Julia Gillard, Former Prime Minister of Australia, Joins Brookings | Brookings Institution". Brookings.edu. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
287. "Former PM Julia Gillard announced as chair of Global Partnership for Education". ABC News. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
288. "Former prime minister Julia Gillard joins beyond blue board". The Age. 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
289. "Julia Gillard to replace Jeff Kennett as Beyond Blue chair". ABC News. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
290. "Patrons". John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
291. "Julia Gillard appointed Patron of John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library". Curtin University. 23 February 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
292. (1 June 2015). "Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard honoured as Fellow". Aberystwyth University. Retrieved 20 May 2016
293. McIlroy, Tom (1 September 2016). "Former prime minister Julia Gillard named visiting professor at London's King's College". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
294. "It's an Honour: AC", Itsanhonour.gov.au, Government of Australia, 26 January 2017, retrieved 26 January 2017
295. Gage, Nicola (26 January 2017). "Julia Gillard gets Australia Day gong, calls for better gender balance among recipients". ABC News. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
296. Bramston, Troy; Higgins, Ean (28 January 2017). "Abbott nominated Rudd and Gillard for gong but just one got the gong". The Australian. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
297. Martin, Sarah; Parnell, Sean (26 January 2017). "Australia Day honours: former PMs waiting in the wings for their gongs". The Australian. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
298. "Former PM Julia Gillard takes over as new Chair of beyondblue" (Press release). beyondblue. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
299. "BBC 100 Women 2018: Who is on the list?". BBC News. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
300. Lunn, Stephen (25 June 2010). "Let's wait and see on marriage, says Julia Gillard's partner". The Australian. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
301. "Gillard's partner Tim Mathieson 'bubbly'". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
302. "Australian Story – She Who Waits – Transcript". ABC News. 21 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
303. Wright, Tony (2 January 2008). "Forget Canberra, Altona has become the new heart of the nation". The Age. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
304. "Hammer falls on Gillard house". The Age. 14 December 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
305. McNicol, Adam (24 June 2010). "Dogs celebrate fan Gillard's ascension to PM". afl.com.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
306. Kelly, Joe (23 April 2010). "Melbourne Storm fan Gillard saddened by salary cap scandal". The Australian. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
307. "Former Prime Minister Julia Gillard buys $2m beachside house in her home town of Adelaide". The Daily Telegraph. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
308. Wright, Tony (30 June 2010). "PM tells it as she sees it on the God issue". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
309. "Prime Minister Julia Gillard speaks to Jon Faine". ABC News. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
310. Weymouth, Lally (3 March 2013). "Lally Weymouth interviews Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
311. "Julia Gillard says Kevin Rudd was a man desperate for applause". The Australian. 24 September 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
312. Grech, Andrew. (20 August 2012). "Statement regarding the employment of Prime Minister Gillard Archived 27 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine"
313. Valent, Dani (18 May 2007). "Our Julia". The Age. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
314. Thomas, Hedley (18 August 2012). "The political controversy that won't go away". The Australian. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
315. Milne, Glenn (11 November 2007). "Gillard's stunning confession". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
316. Thomas, Hedley (18 August 2012). "Revealed: Julia Gillard lost her job after law firm's secret investigation". The Australian. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
317. Freebairn, Pip and Skulley, Mark. (30 November 2012). "Coalition says PM broke the law". The Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
318. Gordon, Michael (22 August 2012). "No evidence Gillard had case to answer, says the investigating lawyer". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
319. Sales, Leigh. (22 November 2012). ""7:30—Former Slater and Gordon partner explores AWU scandal". ABC. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
320. "Julia Gillard urged to 'clear the air' over Slater and Gordon allegations". News.com.au. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
321. Knott, Matthew. (19 December 2014). "Unions royal commission clears Julia Gillard but questions her credibility as a witness", The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 December 2014.

Further reading

Biographies and political analysis

• Aulich, Chris, ed. (2014). The Gillard Governments. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-1-74348-516-3.
• Bramston, Troy (2014). Rudd, Gillard and Beyond. Penguin Group Australia. ISBN 978-1-74348-516-3.
• Cassidy, Barrie (2010). The Party Thieves: The Real Story Of The 2010 Election. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-86061-0.
• Chubb, Philip (2014). Power Failure: The inside story of climate politics under Rudd and Gillard. Black Inc. ISBN 978-1-86395-660-4.
• Cooney, Michael (2015). The Gillard Project. Penguin Group Australia. ISBN 978-1-74348-517-0.
• Delahunty, Mary (2014). Gravity: Inside the PM's office during her last year and final days. Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 978-1-74358-221-3.
• Ellis, Bob (2010). Suddenly, Last Winter: An Election Diary. Penguin Group Australia. ISBN 978-0-670-07557-7.
• Kelly, Paul (2014). Triumph & Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-86210-2.
• Kent, Jacqueline (2010). The making of Julia Gillard: Prime Minister (2nd ed.). Penguin Group Australia. ISBN 978-1-4596-2143-5.
• Kent, Jacqueline (2013). Take Your Best Shot: The Prime Ministership of Julia Gillard. Penguin Group Australia. ISBN 978-0-14-357056-1.
• MacCallum, Mungo (2014). The Good, the Bad and the Unlikely: Australia's Prime Ministers (3rd ed.). Black Inc. ISBN 978-1-86395-677-2.
• Skard, Torild (2014). "Julia Gillard". Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide. Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-4473-1578-0.
• Trenoweth, Samantha, ed. (2013). Bewitched & Bedevilled: Women write the Gillard years. Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 978-1-74358-146-9.
• Walsh, Kerry-Anne (2014). The Stalking of Julia Gillard: How the media and Team Rudd brought down the Prime Minister. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0-224-02726-7.

Ministerial autobiographies

• Bowen, Chris (2013). Hearts & Minds: A Blueprint for Modern Labor. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-86443-4.
• Carr, Bob (2014). Diary of a Foreign Minister. New South. ISBN 978-1-74224-170-8.
• Carr, Kim (2013). A Letter to Generation Next: Why Labor. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-86446-5.
• Combet, Greg (2014). The Fights of My Life. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-86617-9.
• Garrett, Peter (2015). Big Blue Sky: A Memoir. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-76011-041-3.
• Swan, Wayne (2014). The Good Fight: Six years, two prime ministers and staring down the Great Recession. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74331-935-2.

External links

• Julia Gillard on the Parliament of Australia
• Julia Gillard's personal website
• Search or browse Hansard for Julia Gillard at OpenAustralia.org
• Gillard, Julia Eileen (1961 – ) in The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Parliament of Australia
Preceded by Barry Jones	Member for Lalor 1998–2013	Succeeded by Joanne Ryan
Party political offices
Preceded by Jenny Macklin	Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party 2006–2010	Succeeded by Wayne Swan
Preceded by Kevin Rudd	Leader of the Australian Labor Party 2010–2013	Succeeded by Kevin Rudd
Political offices
Preceded by Mark Latham	Manager of Opposition Business in the House 2003–2006	Succeeded by Anthony Albanese
Preceded by Jenny Macklin	Deputy Leader of the Opposition 2006–2007	Succeeded by Julie Bishop
Preceded by Julie Bishop	Minister for Education 2007–2010	Succeeded by Simon Crean
Preceded by Joe Hockey	Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations 2007–2010
Preceded by Mike Rann	Minister for Social Inclusion 2007–2010
Preceded by Mark Vaile	Deputy Prime Minister of Australia 2007–2010	Succeeded by Wayne Swan
Preceded by Kevin Rudd	Prime Minister of Australia 2010–2013	Succeeded by Kevin Rudd
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Kamla Persad-Bissessar	Chair of the Commonwealth of Nations 2011–2013	Succeeded by Kevin Rudd
Positions in intergovernmental organisations
Preceded by Carol Bellamy	Chair of the Global Partnership for Education 2014–present	Incumbent