The Lodge (Australia)

The Lodge is the primary official residence of the Prime Minister of Australia, situated in the national capital Canberra. It is located at 5 Adelaide Avenue in the suburb of Deakin, a short distance away from Parliament House. The Lodge is one of two official prime ministerial residences, the secondary official residence being Kirribilli House in Sydney. The building was completed in 1927 in the Georgian revival style, and has been renovated several times since then. It was not initially intended to be used as a permanent official residence, and several prime ministers have chosen to live elsewhere during their terms in office.

The Lodge
Facade of The Lodge
General information
TypeOfficial residence
Architectural styleGeorgian revival
Address5 Adelaide Avenue, Deakin, Australian Capital Territory
CountryAustralia
Coordinates35°18′39″S 149°07′00″E
Current tenantsPrime Minister Scott Morrison, when in Canberra
Construction started1926 (1926)
Completed1927 (1927)
Design and construction
Architect
  • Percy A. Oakley
  • Stanley T. Parkes
Official nameThe Lodge, 5 Adelaide Av, Deakin, ACT, Australia
TypeListed place
CriteriaA., B., C., D., E., F., G., H.
Designated22 June 2004
Reference no.105452
References
[1]

History
The sign on the front exterior wall of The Lodge
The Lodge, soon after completion in 1927
In the 1930s
In the 1940s
In 1950

The Lodge is a 40-room Australian Georgian revival style mansion, located on 18,000 square metres (4.4 acres) of landscaped grounds. The origin of its name is unknown. It was built as a temporary measure, to be occupied by whoever was the Prime Minister "until such time as a monumental Prime Minister's residence is constructed, and thereafter to be used for other purposes". The original "Prime Minister's cottage" was built in 1926–1927 at a base cost of £25,000[2] and an eventual total of "£28,319, including the landscaping of 2.8 hectares of grounds, construction of a tennis court and croquet lawn, and furnishing and interior decoration".[3] The architects were Percy A. Oakley and Stanley T. Parkes of Melbourne; the builder was J. G. Taylor of Sydney. Ruth Lane Poole of Melbourne was responsible for interior design and furnishing, as she had been for the Governor-General's residence, Government House. The Lodge was intended as one of a set of three official residences, the others to be for the presiding officers of the Parliament of Australia (the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate), but the others were never built.[4][5][6][7][8]

The first Prime Minister to live in The Lodge was Stanley Bruce. He and his wife Ethel (they had no children) moved in on 4 May 1927, five days before the official opening of the Provisional Parliament House on 9 May.[5] When he was Leader of the Opposition, Bruce's successor James Scullin (1929–32) had objected to the cost of running The Lodge and, true to his word, he and his wife lived at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) during his premiership. However the next Prime Minister, Joseph Lyons, chose The Lodge, and all subsequent Prime Ministers have used it as their primary place of residence, except for:

  • Earle Page (1939), Frank Forde (1945), and John McEwen (1967–68), who served as caretaker prime ministers following the deaths of an incumbent.
  • Ben Chifley (1945–49), who preferred the Hotel Kurrajong, where many Labor politicians of the era stayed.[9][10]
  • John Howard (1996–2007), who stayed at The Lodge when he was in Canberra for parliamentary or government business, but lived primarily at Kirribilli House, Sydney. The latter is a residence maintained for the official use of Prime Ministers when they need to perform official duties and extend official hospitality in Sydney.
  • Tony Abbott (2013–15), who served as Prime Minister while The Lodge was being renovated. Abbott resided at an apartment at the Australian Federal Police training college when in Canberra.
  • Scott Morrison (2018–present), who stays at The Lodge when he is in Canberra for parliamentary or government business, but lives primarily at Kirribilli House, Sydney. Morrison stated that this was to ensure that his daughters could continue to 'live as normal a life as is possible'.[11]

When Julia Gillard became Prime Minister on 24 June 2010 after the parliamentary Labor Party decided to replace Kevin Rudd as leader,[12] she declared that she would not move into The Lodge until she had "fulsomely earned the trust of the Australian people to be prime minister" at an election;[13] instead, she remained living in her home in Altona in Melbourne and her flat in Canberra. Following the 2010 election at which Gillard led her party into minority government, she moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010.[14]

Of the three Australian Prime Ministers who have died in office, the only one to die at The Lodge was John Curtin in 1945.[15]

Earlier prime ministers' residences

Melbourne served as the temporary capital from 1901 to 1927. During this time, there was no official residence for the prime minister. Edmund Barton, the first prime minister, initially lived in "a kind of bachelor flat" in the attic of Parliament House, Melbourne. This was remembered by James Drake as like a turret, "comfortably furnished as a writing room, and it opened into an equally small sleeping apartment with a bathroom adjoining".[16]:238 He retained a private residence in Sydney: 'Miandetta' at 67 Carabella Street, Kirribilli, from 1896 to 1906, and usually returned there when parliament was not in session. In May 1903 he instead moved into a suite at the Grand Hotel, which remained his residence until his resignation in September 1903.[16]:287 The second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, was a Melbournian and lived at his private residence "Llanarth" in South Yarra during each of his three terms as prime minister. He also had a vacation house, "Ballara", at Point Lonsdale. However, Deakin drew a distinction between his public and private lives and did not conduct official business at either of his homes.[17] Chris Watson and George Reid both had their ordinary residences in Sydney, and stayed in boardinghouses with other MPs during their short periods as prime minister; Watson's was in East Melbourne and Reid's was in St Kilda.[18]

Andrew Fisher, who represented a Queensland seat, was the first non-Victorian prime minister to live permanently in the capital. In 1907 he purchased "Oakleigh Hall", a 13-room mansion in St Kilda East with 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) of gardens. He and his extended family and servants used it as their residence during his three terms as prime minister beginning in 1908 and 1915. He frequently received guests and conducted official business there, but was given no allowance for its upkeep.[19] Joseph Cook and Billy Hughes lived primarily in Sydney, but Stanley Bruce was another Melburnian and resumed the tradition of prime ministers residing in the capital year-round. In 1926, the year before The Lodge was finished, Bruce built "Pine Hill", a 16-room mansion in Frankston.[20]

Description

The building's interior has an American Colonial character, with stained wall panelling and exposed upper-floor beams under the ceiling. The ground-floor entrance opens into an entrance hall. To the left of the entrance is the dining room and service wing, which includes staff quarters. To its right are the formal reception rooms—a drawing room, study, and sitting room/library (which was originally intended as a billiards room). The staircase rises to a landing which contains office space for the prime minister's spouse, then divides into two flights, leading to a hall opening onto a loggia above the entrance. On the first floor are the private apartments and guest accommodation, consisting of a study, six bedrooms, sitting room, a drawing room, and a billiards/games room.

Renovations

Menzies, 1939

When Robert Menzies' wife Pattie Menzies supervised a major refurbishment. The makeshift children's bedrooms on the front balcony, built for the large Lyons family, were removed. Worn carpets and furnishings were replaced and kerosene heaters installed.

Holt, 1966

Harold Holt's wife Zara Holt also organised a major makeover. All the curtains and carpets were discarded. The floors were re-covered with a dramatic emerald green carpet. The tall, arched windows of the entrance were draped with crisp white curtains. A flagpole flying the Australian flag was installed on the stair landing. Most controversial of all was the extensive work needed to transform the dark varnished Tasmanian mountain ash panelling of the walls of all three rooms. Once the stripping was completed, the walls were coated with a white gloss paint. These bright walls remained the backdrop of formal photographs at The Lodge for the next five prime ministers.

Gorton, 1968

John Gorton's wife Bettina had practical skills in farm repairs which were soon called on to deal with maintenance issues resulting from some of Zara Holt's decorating shortcomings. Repairs to a leaking ceiling that threatened the silk wallpaper in the 'Swan Suite', and toning down some of the more vibrant colours in furnishings and finishes, were among the tasks she undertook. But Bettina Gorton's lasting imprint on The Lodge was in the grounds. During the Gortons' tenure, a wall was built surrounding The Lodge, both as a security measure and to give some privacy from the encroaching traffic of Adelaide Avenue on the eastern side of the residence. Once the wall was completed, Bettina Gorton developed a garden of Australian native plants. The Gortons also installed a swimming pool and a courtyard in the north-east corner of the grounds.

Fraser, 1977-78

Major work was carried out in 1977–78 to upgrade the kitchen and staff quarters and to extend the main dining room. The Frasers found the house drab and unwelcoming.[21] The once-glamorous wallpaper was peeling from the guestroom ceiling, and numerous cracks had appeared in the bathroom walls. Tamie Fraser thought the layout of the house was inefficient, the service area inadequate and, like every occupant since 1927, found the dining room too small for adequate official entertaining.[22] Among the visitors entertained at The Lodge by the Frasers were the Prince of Wales, and then the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1977.

The first task Tamie Fraser undertook was to supplement the surviving settings of the 1927 white and gold Royal Doulton dinner service. It had a special pattern that had been designed by Ruth Lane Poole in 1926 featuring the prime-ministerial monogram (consisting of the interwoven letters 'P' and 'M'), which also appears carved into the backs of the dining-room chairs. The man who handled Tamie Fraser's order in 1977 had arranged for the manufacture of the original set fifty years earlier. Though this expensive purchase created a furore, it did not deter Tamie Fraser from battling to secure major renovations of the service wing and dining room in 1978. She chose architect Guilford Bell to oversee this remodelling and to redecorate the main reception rooms to 'classic colours and style', with cream-painted walls and a white Berber carpet.

Hawke, 1987

The most notable feature of the work done by Hawke's wife Hazel during her eight years at The Lodge was her sympathetic restoration of the building's interior. She also supported The Australiana Fund, started by Tamie Fraser, which used donations to collect Australian art and furniture for the four official residences – Government House and The Lodge in Canberra, and Admiralty House and Kirribilli House in Sydney. Hazel Hawke found and arranged restoration of The Lodge's original Australian-made Beale Piano.[23] The piano, chosen for The Lodge by Ruth Lane Poole to fit the original designs for the drawing room, had been used in the Canberra School of Music as a practice piano after its removal from The Lodge.[24] Mrs Hawke also fitted out a room on the mezzanine landing of The Lodge as her office, which she remembered as her favourite room in which she spent most of her time.

Keating, 1991

The Keatings made some changes to the furnishings, moving a massive William Rojo bookcase provided by the Australiana Fund into storage and providing the 'Brown Room' with new sofas. Unlike many of the earlier prime-ministerial families, the Keatings preferred to treat The Lodge as a family home and did not often entertain official visitors there.

Howard, 1996

Although the Howards chose to reside at Kirribilli House in Sydney, they used The Lodge for official purposes and made significant improvements. From 2000 to 2005, the reception areas of the residence were progressively refurbished with the assistance of interior designer Mary Durack. The two main reception rooms, the Morning Room and the Drawing Room, were redecorated in a complementary theme rather than as two distinctive areas, as was previously the case. The dining room and the foyer were also refurbished.

Major refurbishment, 2011–2015

Howard's successor in 2007, Kevin Rudd, returned to tradition by living at The Lodge, as did his successor Julia Gillard.

In October 2011 the Department of Finance and Deregulation had announced an intended 18-month repair and refurbishment project, involving roofing, insulation, guttering, plumbing, removal of hazardous material, heating and cooling, electrical rewiring, and replacement of the Australian Federal Police guard houses. "As these works have progressed, other works that could be undertaken to further improve the security, safety and functionality of the residence have been identified, and it is more efficient to complete these works while a major project is underway".[25] In an interview with ABC News, Special Minister of State Gary Gray said the total cost would run into the millions of dollars.[26] The original estimate of $3.19 million was rapidly exceeded and, as of 29 June 2015, had been revised to $8.8 million.[27]

In 2013, after Kevin Rudd replaced Julia Gillard as PM, he led Labor to the 2013 federal election which resulted in Coalition leader Tony Abbott becoming Prime Minister. Pending the completion of the renovations, Abbott chose to reside at Kirribilli House in Sydney and the Australian Federal Police College when he was in the capital.[27][28] The renovations were not completed before Abbott's term as Prime Minister ended, and as such he never had the opportunity to reside at The Lodge. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and his wife Lucy Turnbull moved into The Lodge in January 2016.[29]

Security

The Lodge is highly secure. The residence has many security features in protecting the Prime Minister and their family, including the use of many security cameras, biometric security, high fences, shatterproof windows, and a safe room.[30]

  • The Bruces at The Lodge in 1928.
  • The Lyons family on the lawn in the 1930s
  • Hazel Hawke at the original Australian-made Beale piano, which she found and restored during her time in The Lodge
  • In 2011 before repairs to the roof. View from the back, showing the pool and BBQ area.
  • The Lodge in 2011. View from the gardens.
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See also

References
  1. "The Lodge, 5 Adelaide Av, Deakin, ACT, Australia (Place ID 105452)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. 22 June 2004. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  2. Canberra: City of White Elephants. The Adelaide Advertiser p.17, 2 May 1929, at Trove
  3. Dargavel, John. The Lodge Archived 1 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine (furnishing project of Ruth Lane Poole) at National Archives of Australia web site.
  4. The Lodge Archived 26 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, official website of the Prime Minister of Australia (former PM Kevin Rudd, archived). Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  5. National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 30 March 2011
  6. Letter from Oakley & Parkes, 13 May 1925 Archived 27 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 30 March 2011
  7. Letter from Oakley & Parkes, 14 May 1926 Archived 27 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 March 2011
  8. Ruth Lane Poole Archived 26 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 30 March 2011
  9. Ben Chifley Archived 27 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Kurrajong Hotel official website
  10. Hotel Kurrajong Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine, National Trust of Australia
  11. Trembath, Murray (24 September 2018). "Updated | 'The shire's still our home' says Scott Morrison". St George & Sutherland Shire Leader. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  12. Curtis, L.; Hall, E. (24 June 2010). "Gillard becomes first female PM". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
  13. Levy, M. (24 June 2010). "Labor Party was losing its way under Rudd: Gillard". brisbanetimes.com.au. Brisbane Times. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
  14. "Gillard moves into The Lodge". smh.com.au. Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
  15. ABC Ballarat
  16. Bolton, Geoffrey (2000). Edmund Barton: The One Man For The Job. Allen & Unwin.
  17. "Australia's PMs > Alfred Deakin > Pattie Deakin". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  18. Otto, Kristin (2010). Capital: Melbourne When It Was the Capital City of Australia 1901-28. Tex Publishing. p. 62.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  19. "Australia's PMs > Andrew Fisher > In office". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  20. "Pine Hill, aka Stanley Melbourne Bruce's Mediterranean Frankston Manor, listed for mortgagee auction". Property Observer. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  21. National Archives of Australia, Tamie Fraser, Australian Government, archived from the original on 10 March 2015
  22. "Life in The Lodge". The Canberra Times. 4 January 1987. p. 8.
  23. National Archives of Australia, "Australia's Prime Ministers – Meet a PM – Hawke – Hazel Hawke" Archived 21 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 19 August 2008.
  24. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, "Stateline Canberra – Transcript: Ruth Lane Poole", 11 March 2005. Accessed 19 August 2008.
  25. "The Lodge, Canberra – Refurbishment Works". Department of Finance and Deregulation. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  26. Jeremy Thompson (11 October 2011). "Gillard, Mathieson to leave run-down Lodge". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  27. McIlroy, Tom. "Lodge renovations costs blow out to $8.8 million" Canberra Times, 29 June 2015. Accessed 25 July 2015
  28. "Tony Abbott moves into the Prime Minister's office in Canberra". News Corp Australia Network. 15 September 2013.
  29. Gartell, Adam (23 January 2016). "Malcolm Turnbull to spend first night in The Lodge". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  30. Welch, Dylan (26 June 2010). "Security experts push for Lodge move". The Age. Melbourne.

Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on The Lodge, 5 Adelaide Av, Deakin, ACT, Australia, entry number 105452 in the Australian Heritage Database published by the Commonwealth of Australia 2004 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 18 May 2020.

Bibliography
  • Holt, Zara (1968). "My Life and Harry: an Autobiography". The Herald. Melbourne.
  • Prime Minister's Lodge-Renovations and Maintenance 1966–1968. NAA:A4 63/32, 1966/952 – via National Archives of Australia.

Further reading
  • Barrow, Graeme (2008). The Prime Minister's Lodge: Canberra's Unfinished Business. Canberra: Dagraja Press. ISBN 9780977532810.
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