Joseph L. Goldstein

Joseph Leonard Goldstein ForMemRS (born April 18, 1940) is an American biochemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1985, along with fellow University of Texas Southwestern researcher, Michael Brown, for their studies regarding cholesterol.[3] They discovered that human cells have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that remove cholesterol from the blood and that when LDL receptors are not present in sufficient numbers, individuals develop hypercholesterolemia and become at risk for cholesterol related diseases, notably coronary heart disease.[4] Their studies led to the development of statin drugs.[3]

Joseph Goldstein
Joseph L. Goldstein
Born
Joseph Leonard Goldstein[1]

(1940-04-18) April 18, 1940
Kingstree, South Carolina
Alma mater
Known forcholesterol
Awards
Scientific career
Fieldsbiochemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Websiteprofiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/12645/joseph-goldstein.html

Life and career

Goldstein was born in Kingstree, South Carolina, the son of Fannie (Alpert) and Isadore E. Goldstein, who owned a clothing store. Goldstein received his BSci from Washington and Lee University in 1962, and his MD from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in 1966.[3] Upon completion of his residency, Goldstein moved to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, where he worked in biochemical genetics.[5] In 1972, Goldstein relocated back to the Southwestern Medical Center, accepting a post as the head of the Division of Medical Genetics.[5]

At the Southwestern Medical Center Goldstein collaborated extensively with Michael Brown, a fellow researcher at the center who had also worked at the NIH.[5] From 1973 to 1985, Goldstein and Brown together published over one hundred major papers.[6] They are both listed in Thomson Reuters’ index of highly cited authors.[7] Frequently mentioned as a candidate for nationally prominent positions in scientific administration, Goldstein, like his colleague Michael Brown, chose to continue hands-on research.[8][9]

In 1993, their postdoctoral trainees, Wang Xiaodong and Michael Briggs, purified the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors. Since 1993, Goldstein, Brown, and their colleagues have described the unexpectedly complex machinery that proteolytically releases the SREBPs from membranes, thus allowing their migration to the nucleus where they activate all the genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. The machinery for generating active SREBPs is tightly regulated by a negative feedback mechanism, which explains how cells maintain the necessary levels of fats and cholesterol in the face of varying environmental circumstances.[10][11][12]

Goldstein is Chair, Molecular Genetics at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Together, Goldstein and Brown lead a research team that typically includes a dozen doctoral and postdoctoral trainees. They have trained over 145 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, and five of their former postdoctoral fellows (Thomas C. Südhof, Wang Xiaodong, Helen H. Hobbs, David W. Russell, and Monty Krieger) have been elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.[13] Former postdoctoral fellow Thomas Südhof received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology[14] and Helen H. Hobbs received the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences.[15][16]

In 1988 Goldstein received a National Medal of Science in the field of molecular genetics,[17] and in 2003 Goldstein and Brown won the Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research in recognition for their further work in understanding cholesterol and also the discovery of an insulin-sensitive regulator, which potentially could be used to develop treatments for diabetes mellitus.[18] Goldstein is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences[19] and the Institute of Medicine[20] and he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1991.[2]

Goldstein was appointed as Chairman of the Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards jury in 1995,[21] and was a recipient of the award ten years earlier.[22] Since 2000, Goldstein has authored a series of essays on the deep relationship between art and science that appear in the annual Nature Medicine supplement that accompanies the Lasker Awards.[23]

Among his professional activities, Goldstein is a member of the Board of Trustees of The Howard Hughes Medical Institute[24] and of The Rockefeller University, where he was elected as a Life Trustee in 2015.[25] He also serves as Chairman of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the Broad Institute,[26] and is a member of the Board of Directors of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.[27] He previously served on The Board of Scientific Governors of the Scripps Research Institute, a nonprofit institute that conducts biomedical research.[28]

Awards

Joseph L. Goldstein has been awarded the following:

Research papers

Essays on "The Art of Science"

Since 2000, Goldstein has authored a series of essays considering science as a creative pursuit, and explores the links between the art and science. The essays appear in the journal Nature Medicine, and coincide with the annual announcement of the Lasker Awards, with which Goldstein is affiliated in the capacity of jury chairman.

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References
  1. Joseph L. Goldstein – Biographical. Nobelprize.org (1940-04-18). Retrieved on 2013-10-08.
  2. "Professor Joseph L Goldstein ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2015-11-04.
  3. Badge, Peter (2007) "Joseph Goldstein". Nobel Faces. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9783527406784. p 300.
  4. Encyclopedia of Global Health, Volume 1 by Luca Prono, edited by Yawei Zhang
  5. Raju, T. N. (2000). "The Nobel Chronicles". The Lancet. 355 (9201): 416. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74047-2. PMID 10665595.
  6. The Cholesterol Wars: The Skeptics Vs. the Preponderance of Evidence By Daniel Steinberg
  7. "Highly Cited Researchers - The Most Influential Scientific Minds". highlycited.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  8. Culliton BJ. (1989 Sep 29). "Baltimore to succeed Lederberg?.". Science. Retrieved December 6, 2012. "Nobel laureate Joshua Lederberg (1958) is set to retire as president of Rockefeller University in January... Things might not have grown so tense had the man who apparently was at the top of the list said "Yes." But Nobel laureate Joseph Goldstein (1985), who is still very active in the laboratory at the University of Texas at Dallas, was not ready to give up his work on the molecular genetics of blood lipids."
  9. Journal of Clinical Investigation Interview Archived 2013-07-19 at the Wayback Machine Film Annex
  10. Wang X, Sato R, Brown MS, Hua X, Goldstein JL. (April 8, 1994). "SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis.". Cell. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  11. Wang X, Briggs MR, Hua X, Yokoyama C, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. (June 5, 1993). "Nuclear protein that binds sterol regulatory element of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. II. Purification and characterization.". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  12. Espenshade, Peter J. (2006). "SREBPs: sterolregulated transcription factors.". Journal of Cell Science. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  13. "Department of Molecular Genetics Overview.". Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  14. "Nobel Prize: Thomas C. Südhof - Facts.". Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  15. "Laureates". breakthroughprize.org. Breakthrough Prize. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  16. "Breakthrough Prizes Give Top Scientists the Rock Star Treatment". The New York Times. 2015-11-08. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  17. Encyclopædia Britannica Almanac 2008 p. 114
  18. UT Southwestern researchers receive top medicine prize Dallas Business Journal, Date: Wednesday, April 30, 2003
  19. Member Directory: Joseph L. Goldstein. National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved on 2014-10-16.
  20. Directory: IOM Member - Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. Archived 2010-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Institute of Medicine. Retrieved on 2014-10-16.
  21. Goodman, Billy (October 16, 1995). "Lasker Laureates Make Up Impressive Biomedical Roster". The Scientist. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  22. "1985 Winners: Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award Archived 2015-09-13 at the Wayback Machine", Lasker Foundation. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  23. ''Nature Medicine'' essays: The Art of Science. Laskerfoundation.org (2007-09-16). Retrieved on 2013-10-08.
  24. "Trustees". hhmi.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  25. The Rockefeller University Board of Trustees and Corporate Officers. Rockefeller.edu. Retrieved on 2013-10-08.
  26. Board of Scientific Counselors. Broad Institute. Retrieved on 2014-10-16.
  27. "Regeneron Board of Directors". regeneron.com. Regeneron. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  28. The Scripps Research Institute Board of Governors. Scripps.edu (2013-10-04). Retrieved on 2013-10-08.
  29. Earl and Thressa Stadtman Distinguished Scientist Award The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
  30. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Leaders to Receive Research!America Advocacy Award Research America, Date: March 21, 2007
  31. Recipients of the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service Wilson Center
  32. Herbert Tabor Research Award The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
  33. The Albany Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research 2003 Recipients Albany Medical College
  34. Presentation of the Kober Medal to Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown The Journal of Clinical Investigation
  35. Warren Alpert Foundation Award Recipients Archived 2012-04-10 at the Wayback Machine Warren Alpert Foundation
  36. The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details National Science Foundation
  37. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  38. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 The Official Website of the Nobel Prize
  39. Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award 1985 Archived 2015-09-13 at the Wayback Machine Lasker Foundation
  40. William Allan Award Past Recipients Archived 2014-10-03 at the Wayback Machine The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG)
  41. The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry Columbia University Medical Center
  42. Recipient of the Canada Gairdner International Award, 1981 Gairdner Foundation
  43. http://www.nasonline.org, National Academy of Sciences -. "Joseph Goldstein". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  44. Richard Lounsbery Award National Academy of Sciences
  45. The Passano Awards 1945–2011 The Passano Foundation
  46. The Pfizer Award ACS Division of Biological Chemistry
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