Horten

Horten  is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway—located along the Oslofjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Horten. The municipality also includes the town of Åsgårdstrand and the villages of Borre, Skoppum, and Nykirke.

This article is about the municipality in Vestfold, Norway. For the German aircraft pilots, see Horten brothers. For the German department store chain, see Horten AG.
Horten kommune
Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestfold og Telemark within
Norway
Horten within Vestfold og Telemark
Coordinates: 59°25′15″N 10°25′58″E
CountryNorway
CountyVestfold og Telemark
DistrictVestfold
Administrative centreHorten
Government
 • Mayor (2015)Are Karlsen (Arbeiderpartiet)
Area
 • Total70 km2 (30 sq mi)
 • Land68 km2 (26 sq mi)
Area rank407 in Norway
Population
 (2016)
 • Total27,178 [1]
 • Rank26 in Norway
 • Density361/km2 (930/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
8.2%
Demonym(s)Hortenser
Hortensar[2]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3801
Official language formBokmål[3]
Websitewww.horten.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

The town of Horten was separated from the municipality of Borre to become a municipality of its own in 1858. The neighboring municipalities of Borre and Horten were merged back together on 1 January 1988. The name of the new united municipality was first Borre, but after a referendum it was changed to Horten on 1 June 2002.

The local newspaper in Horten is named Gjengangeren, and covers mostly local news. It is also available online (see external links section).

Borre National Park contains the largest known burial site in Scandinavia.[4] It also has the largest collection of king's graves in Scandinavia.[5]

General information
Edvard Munch's house in Åsgårdstrand

The nearest train station in Horten is Skoppum. Skoppum is 1 hour and 10 minutes by train from Oslo Central Station. By car Horten is reached by following European route E18 south, and is approx. 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Oslo. The nearest airport is Sandefjord Airport Torp which is located about 30 minutes by train south of Skoppum.

Name

The town is named after the old Horten farm (called "Hortan" in 1552), since it is built on the same ground. The name seems to be the definite form of hort m 'bulge' (but here in a weak form, Norse *horti). Several hills and mountains in Norway have the name Horten (or Horta, femininum), and here it could be referring to the hill Brårudåsen lying in the middle of the town.[6]

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from relatively modern times. They were granted on 19 November 1907. The arms were granted when Horten received city status. The arms use the old "English"-style of shield that is divided diagonally in a "party per bend" style with a mural crown on top signifying its city status. The lower part of the arms show the importance of the city as a naval port. The upper part shows a rose as a symbol for the nature around the city.[7]

Geography

Horten is a city and municipality on the western shore of the Oslo Fjord in Vestfold County. It borders with Åsgårdstrand in the south, and to Re in both the west and north. Neighboring towns are Tønsberg in the south and the much smaller Holmestrand in the north. About half of the municipality's total area is made up of forests, while slightly less than a third is agricultural land. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Horten. Smaller towns include Åsgårdstrand, Skoppum, and Nykirke.[8]

Nature preserves

Nature preserves include Vealøs, Adalstjern, Frebergsvik and Falkensten. Additional nature preserves are found by Borrevannet, Løvøya, Bastøy, and in the village of Åsgårdstrand. Falkenstendammen is a wildlife preserve, home to various nationally threatened species. Reverompa Plant Reserve was established in 2006 due to presence of the nationally endangered crested cow-wheat. Tordenskjoldeika is a protected 700-year-old oak tree by the harbor.[8]

Demographics
Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Horten by country of origin in 2017[9]
Ancestry Number
 Poland408
 Somalia384
 Bosnia-Herzegovina341
 Lithuania323
 Denmark166
 Sweden149
 Iraq148
 Philippines134
 Afghanistan122
 Iran116
 Russia108
 Germany105

Besides the city of Horten proper with a 2016 population of 20,301, the municipality is also home to three villages: The Horten part of Åsgårdstrand (2016 pop. 2,953), Skoppum (1,692), and Nykirke (715). The population growth in the municipality is lower than the county average; Horten had a population growth of 13.2% in 2000–2015, while Vestfold County had a population growth of 14.0%. Horten is one of Norway's most densest municipalities with a population density of 384/km2 as of 2015.[8]

Economy
Karljohansvern was the Royal Norwegian Navy's main base from 1819–1963

Horten's employment sector is made up of industry (21.7% as of 2014), health- and social services (18.1%), education (12.1%), and commerce and auto-repair (12.7%). The Royal Norwegian Navy was traditionally an important industry, but the city experienced an economic change when the Navy moved its main base to Bergen, and Horten Verft went bankrupt in 1987. Currently, one of the most important industries is electrical engineering, represented by companies such as Kongsberg Maritime, Kongsberg Norcontrol, Simrad Horten, GE Vingmed Ultrasound, and others.[8]

Culture

Åsgårdstrand has been a vacation and bathing destination since 1920. It had already become an artists' colony by then, attracting painters such as Edvard Munch and Fritz Thaulow. Edvard Munch spent a total of seven summers at his vacation home in Åsgårdstrand, known as Munchs Lille Hus ("Munch's Little House"). The house is now a museum, located on Munch's Street (Munchsgate 25).[10]

Borre mounds
Burial mound at Borre National Park, Norway's first national park.[11]

Borrehaugene (from Borre, the name of a local village and haugene from the old Norse Word haugr meaning mound) was the first national park to be founded in Norway. Borre National Park is situated between Horten and Åsgårdstrand. The site provides important historical knowledge, and can be seen as evidence that there was a center of power here in the Viking Age. The excavations also uncovered an unusually good selection of craft work, much of which is on display in Oslo at the Viking Ship Museum. This style has become known as "Borre style" and is, today, known for its animal and knot ornaments, which were often used for decorating harnesses. The finds also confirm that there was a Viking ship buried at Borrehaugene.

The Borre mound cemetery at Borre National Park contains graves of kings dating back to the Migration Period. The park covers 45 acres (180,000 m2) and has the largest collection of kings' graves in Scandinavia. These burial mounds may represent North Europe's most extensive collection of graves of the old Scandinavian Yngling dynasty. From 1989 to 1991, new excavations were undertaken both in and around the national park.

Transportation
Ferries cut across the Oslo Fjord, connecting Horten and Moss.

Being located out on a peninsula, most major transportation arteries go to the west of Horten, and secondary roads connect the city to these routes. The Moss–Horten Ferry (also known as the Bastø Ferry) crosses the Oslofjord, connecting to Moss in Østfold. The ferry departs 1–4 times per hour, and the journey takes about 30 minutes. The ferry transports annually about 1.8 million vehicles and 3.5 million passengers.[8]

The railway line Vestfoldbanen passes through the Horten municipality, but not through the main city center. Skoppum Station is located southwest of the downtown, although several commuters prefer to use Holmestrand Station due to better road access.[12]

Sports

Horten has several football clubs. The most successful and well known is FK Ørn-Horten, which currently plays in the Norwegian 2nd Division. Another Horten team, Falk, plays 3rd division, while Borre and Holtankammeratene plays further down in the leagues.

Education

Close to Horten is the University College Høgskolen i Buskerud og Vestfold, commonly referred to as Bakkenteigen, which offers a wide range of subjects from sociology, history and language thru mathematics, nature science and maritime studies. Bakkenteigen has over 4,000 students and aims to be a resource for research and development in the region.

Sites of interest
Norwegian Naval Museum
  • Borre National Park, the first national park in Norway.[13] It is home to Northern Europe's largest collection of royal grave mounds,[5] and it is the largest grave mound site in Northern Europe.[14]
  • Marinemuseet, the Royal Norwegian Navy Museum, is the oldest existing museum of its kind in the world, founded in 1853. At the Royal Norwegian Navy Museum you can find many ships, including HNoMS Rap, the world's first torpedo boat from 1873.
  • Preus Fotomuseum, The Norwegian Museum of Photography, is a unique museum located in the same building as the naval museum.
  • The Naval Base - Horten has a naval base named Karljohansvern. Activity there in the recent years have been decreasing and parts of the area have now been opened to the public, including some nice beaches. Both the museum of photography and the navy museum are located close to the naval base.
  • The Royal Norwegian Navy Band is a military band ranked among the best in Europe has its home base in Karljohansvern in Horten.
  • Horten Bilmuseum, the classic car museum, houses a variety of classic cars ranging from 1900 to the 1970s. One of Norway's largest model railways is also on display in the museum. It is open every day during summer, Sundays only from the middle of August to the middle of June.
  • Borre Golfbane is a golf course has hosted two Challenge Tour events (1994 and 1998) and was in 2005 extended to 27 holes of full length (par 72 + par 36). The first Challenge Tour event in 1994 was the first professional golf tournament on Norwegian soil. The 18-hole course runs along lake Borrevannet and some of the holes have views over the lake.
  • Lake Borrevannet is home to a national bird sanctuary where 255 different bird species have been observed (2003 numbers). 110 species have been confirmed using the lake as their nesting place.
  • L'Esprit d'Edvard Munch is the northernmost vineyard of the world, operating in Horten.
  • Åsgårdstrand, in the southern part of the municipality, is a sight of its own. It is a small, white-painted ocean town that is best known for its great painters (like the aforementioned Edvard Munch) and its beaches.

Notable residents

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Twin towns — Sister cities

The following cities are twinned with Horten:[15]

gollark: Other stuff tarnishes.
gollark: Only iron rusts.
gollark: They're heavy, you know.
gollark: Planes couldn't land because tinsels kept crashing into them.
gollark: The REAL reason for no biome prizes: confusion with golds.

References
  1. "Folkemengde og befolkningsendringar, 1. januar 2016 ("Population as of 2016")" (in Norwegian). SSB. 1 September 2016.
  2. "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. Nickel, Phyllis & Valderhaug, Hans Jakob (2017). Norwegian Cruising Guide—Vol 2: Sweden, West Coast and Norway, Swedish Border to Bergen. Attainable Adventure Cruising Ltd. p. 86. ISBN 9780995893962.
  5. Evensberget, Snorre (2014). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. p. 125. ISBN 9781465432469.
  6. Rygh, Oluf (1907). Norske gaardnavne: Jarlsberg og Larviks amt (in Norwegian) (6 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 127.
  7. Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). "Nye kommunevåbener i Norden". Retrieved 2009-01-15.
  8. "Horten". Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  9. "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  10. Kealy, Kelly & Kidder, Laura (2009). Fodor's Essential Scandinavia. Fodor's Travel Publications. pp. 321. ISBN 9781400008834.
  11. Børresen, Svein E (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur (in Norwegian). Skagerrak forl. p. 48. ISBN 9788292284070.
  12. "Pendlerne velger Holmestrand" [Commuters choose Holmestrand] (in Norwegian). Gjengangeren. 13 March 2007.
  13. Fouberg, Erin Hogan & Hogan, Edward Patrick (2009). Norway. Infobase Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 9781438105277.
  14. "Vestfold". Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  15. "Vänortskedjor i Norden" (in Swedish). Norden.se. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
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