Melampyrum

Melampyrum is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae known commonly as cow wheat. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hemiparasites on other plants, obtaining water and nutrients from host plants, though they are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.[1]

Melampyrum
Melampyrum nemorosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Rhinantheae
Genus: Melampyrum
L.
Species

about 20, see text.

Melampyrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the mouse moth (Amphipyra tragopoginis).

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.[2][3] Melampyrum appears as a distant relative of other genera of Rhinantheae. It is the sister group of two clades: (i) Rhynchocorys, Lathraea, and Rhinanthus ; and (ii) the core Rhinantheae containing Bartsia, Euphrasia, Tozzia, Hedbergia, Bellardia, and Odontites.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
  Rhinantheae  
         

  Melampyrum  

 
 
 
         

  Rhynchocorys  

 
 
         

  Lathraea

 
 

  Rhinanthus

 
 
 
  Core Rhinantheae  
         

  Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)

 
 
         

  Euphrasia

 
 
         

  Tozzia

 
 

  Hedbergia
  (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)

 
 
         

  Bellardia

 
 
         

  Neobartsia
(New World Bartsia)

 
 

  Parentucellia

 
 
 
 

  Odontites sensu lato
  (including Bornmuellerantha
  and Bartsiella)

 
 
 
 
 
 
The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[2][3]

Taxonomy

Selected species
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References
  1. Kim, K. and S. Yun. (2012). A new species of Melampyrum (Orobanchaceae) from southern Korea. Phytotaxa 42 48-50.
  2. Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520.
  3. Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.


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