Bodø (town)

Bodø (pronounced [ˈbûːdøː] (listen)[3][4]; Lule Sami: Bådåddjo) is a town in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of Bodø Municipality and of Nordland county. It is located on the Bodø peninsula between the Vestfjorden and the Saltfjorden. Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county and it is the second-largest town in North Norway.[5]

Bodø  (Norwegian)
Bådåddjo  (Lule Sami)
Town
View of the town
Bodø
Location of the town
Bodø
Bodø (Norway)
Coordinates: 67.2827°N 14.3751°E / 67.2827; 14.3751
CountryNorway
RegionNorthern Norway
CountyNordland
DistrictSalten
MunicipalityBodø Municipality
Established1816
Area
 • Total14.16 km2 (5.47 sq mi)
Elevation4 m (13 ft)
Population
 (2019)[1]
 • Total55,759
 • Density2,911/km2 (7,540/sq mi)
Demonym(s)bodøværing
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Post Code
8006 Bodø

The 14.16-square-kilometre (3,500-acre) town has a population (2018) of 41,215 and a population density of 2,911 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,540/sq mi).[1]

History
Bodø harbor 1880
Nyholms Skandse, Bodø

The village of Bodø was granted town status in 1816 and soon after, in 1818, it was known for the Bodø affair, smuggling by British merchants that later were compensated by Norway. The town of Bodø was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1938, a part of the neighboring municipality of Bodin (population: 559) was transferred into the town of Bodø. On 1 January 1959, another part of Bodin (population: 1,303) was transferred into the town Bodø, expanding its size considerably. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1968, the town of Bodø (population: 14,252) was merged with the municipality of Bodin (population: 13,323) and this created the much larger Bodø Municipality.[6]

Toponymy

The town is named after the old Bodøgård farm (Old Norse: Boðvin), since the town was built on its ground. The first element might be boði which means "sunken rock" or "skerry" and the last element is vin which means "meadow" or "pasture". The last element may have been misunderstood as øy which means "island" (and written with the Danish language form ø).[7]

See also: the name of Bodin

Institutions
Nord University. Photo:Lars Røed Hansen

The main campus of Nord University is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) outside the city centre. Twelve thousand undergraduate and graduate students study at the university.[8]

Bodø is the location of the only police academy in Norway outside Oslo. The Norwegian Civil Aviation Authority is situated in Bodø, as is the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre of Northern Norway. The Norwegian Armed Forces headquarters for North Norway is located at Reitan, east of the city. SB Nordlandsbuss has its headquarters in Bodø, as does Bodø Energi and Nordlandsbanken.

The largest shopping centre in Nordland, City Nord, is located in Bodø.[9]

Climate

Located on a peninsula in the Norwegian Sea, Bodø is one of Norway's windiest cities. Despite its location just north of the Arctic Circle, Bodø features a Subpolar oceanic climate(Cfc), with chilly (but not cold) winters and cool summers. Snow cover during winter varies and is often sparse in the city center, but only slightly inland the snow cover is much more reliable. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 1 June to 14 July (44 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer.

The all-time low was recorded in February 1966, which was the coldest month on record with a mean of −8.9 °C (16.0 °F). The all-time high was recorded in July 2014, which was also the warmest month on record with a 24-hr mean of 17.3 °C (63.1 °F). Recent decades have seen warming, and there has been no overnight air frost in June since 1981. Under the Köppen Climate Classification Bodø sits on the b "Cfc" (Subpolar Oceanic Climate); with its location on the Arctic Circle the city features one of the largest latitudinal temperature anomalies on Earth. Data in table below is from Bodø Airport, summer daily highs are often warmer in the city center.

Climate data for Bodø (11 m; temps 1981-2010, sun 2000-2009; extremes 1953 - present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2)		 9.6
(49.3)		 11.6
(52.9)		 17.4
(63.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 28.8
(83.8)		 30.4
(86.7)		 28.2
(82.8)		 24.3
(75.7)		 18.8
(65.8)		 16.2
(61.2)		 10.1
(50.2)		 30.4
(86.7)
Average high °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2)		 0.9
(33.6)		 2.2
(36.0)		 5.7
(42.3)		 10.2
(50.4)		 13.4
(56.1)		 16.2
(61.2)		 15.7
(60.3)		 12.2
(54.0)		 7.6
(45.7)		 3.9
(39.0)		 2.0
(35.6)		 7.6
(45.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 3.2
(37.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 10.6
(51.1)		 13.3
(55.9)		 12.9
(55.2)		 9.7
(49.5)		 5.6
(42.1)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 5.2
(41.4)
Average low °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 0.6
(33.1)		 4.5
(40.1)		 7.7
(45.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 10.0
(50.0)		 7.2
(45.0)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 2.6
(36.7)
Record low °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −10.3
(13.5)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 2.8
(37.0)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −8.2
(17.2)		 −12
(10)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −18.5
(−1.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 99.3
(3.91)		 72.7
(2.86)		 66.8
(2.63)		 62.0
(2.44)		 62.7
(2.47)		 59.3
(2.33)		 77.7
(3.06)		 88.8
(3.50)		 127.6
(5.02)		 136.8
(5.39)		 107.0
(4.21)		 110.8
(4.36)		 1,070.9
(42.16)
Average precipitation days 15.6 13.7 11.7 11.5 11.4 10.8 11.8 12.5 15.4 17.6 14.8 16.5 163.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 8.1 43.0 114.0 158.7 218.8 220.7 172.0 166.5 98.4 54.3 16.3 0.4 1,271.2
Source 1: [10][11]
Source 2: [12]

Military
Main article: Bodø Main Air Station
Widerøe Dash 8 landing at Bodø

Bodø has a long history with the Norwegian Armed Forces, and especially the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF). The Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Operational Headquarters are located at Reitan, east of Bodø. Parts of NATO air forces attending the annual Cold Response are stationed at Bodø Main Air Station. Bodø MAS is a major Norwegian military air base, housing two-thirds of Norway's F-16 fighter force and two of RNoAFs SAR Sea Kings. Bodø, competing with Ørland and Evenes, is a candidate for the Northern Air Base in the new RNoAF system.

Bodin Leir located near the air station is an RNoAF recruit school including Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System personnel and a national response unit. The base was central during the Cold War due to its strategic location and proximity to the Soviet Union. It would have been vital in the build-up of NATO air and land forces to defend Norway, and thus the entire northern flank of NATO, in a war with the Warsaw Pact. It could also have been used as a forward base for American bombers to strike targets in the Soviet Union.

Bodø has a street named General Fleischer's Gate in honour of Carl Gustav Fleischer.

Bodø received international attention during the U-2 Crisis in May 1960, when it became known that the American U-2 pilot Gary Powers had been shot down over the Soviet Union on his way from Pakistan to Bodø.

Culture
Norwegian Aviation Museum

Bodø's local newspaper is the Avisa Nordland.

The Norwegian Aviation Museum and Salten Museum are located in Bodø. Salten Museum has four exhibitions: The Lofoten Fisheries, a Sami exhibit, a Viking treasure, and an exhibition about Bodø's history from 1816 to 2000.

The Bodø Cathedral was built in 1956, representing post-war architecture, whereas the Bodin Church just outside the city centre dates from the 13th century, representing a typical medieval stone church. Other churches in the town include Hunstad Church and Rønvik Church.

The new cultural centre "Stormen" (the storm) was opened in 2014. It contains a library, a concert hall and theater. The building is designed by Daniel Rosbottom and David Howarth. Bodø is host to the cultural festivals Nordland Musikkfestuke and Parkenfestivalen every summer, as well as the free and volunteer based Bodø Hardcore Festival in early winter.

Fram Kino was the first cinema in Norway. It was started in the year 1908.

Sports

Bodø's main professional team is the football club Bodø/Glimt, playing in Eliteserien, the top division of football in Norway.

In addition to Bodø/Glimt, Bodø has had several teams at national top level, including Grand Bodø (women's football), Junkeren (women's handball) and Bodø HK (men's handball).

The most well-known sporting arena in Bodø is Aspmyra Stadion, which in addition to being the home of Bodø/Glimt has hosted one international match. Also, the multi-purpose indoor Bodø Spektrum, contains full-size football and handball courts, as well as several swimming and bathing facilities.

The town is also home of Bodø Barbarians, a leading rugby league team.[13]

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See also

References
  1. Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 2018). "Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality".
  2. "Bodø, Bodø (Nordland)". yr.no. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  3. Berulfsen, Bjarne (1969). Norsk Uttaleordbok (in Norwegian). Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co (W Nygaard). p. 49.
  4. Vanvik, Arne (1985). Norsk Uttaleordbok: A Norwegian pronouncing dictionary (in Norwegian and English). Oslo: Fonetisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo. p. 51. ISBN 978-8299058414.
  5. Thorsnæs, Geir, ed. (2018-04-09). "Bodø – tettsted". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  6. Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå.
  7. Rygh, Oluf (1905). Norske gaardnavne: Nordlands amt (in Norwegian) (16 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 199.
  8. "Nord University - Institutional Merger". Nord University. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  9. Gustad, Ragnhild; Ramberg, Aleksander (10 November 2012). "City Nord ikke lenger størst i nord". Avisa Nordland (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  10. "Bodø average conditions; base period 10 last years, sun hours provided by met.no". Storm Weather Center. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
  11. "Météo Climat stats for Bodø 1981-2010 normals". Météo Climat. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  12. "Eklima/met.no". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
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