Henry Thomas Rainey

Henry Thomas Rainey (August 20, 1860 – August 19, 1934) was a prominent American politician during the first third of the 20th century. A member of the Democratic Party from Illinois, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1903 to 1921 and from 1923 to his death. He rose to Speaker of the House, during the famous Hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933.

Henry Thomas Rainey
40th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office March 9, 1933 – August 19, 1934
Preceded by	John N. Garner
Succeeded by	Joseph W. Byrns, Sr.
Leader of the House Democratic Caucus
In office March 9, 1933 – August 19, 1934
Preceded by	John Nance Garner
Succeeded by	Jo Byrns
House Majority Leader
In office December 7, 1931 – March 3, 1933
Preceded by	John Q. Tilson
Succeeded by	Joseph W. Byrns
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 20th district
In office March 4, 1923 – August 19, 1934
Preceded by	Guy L. Shaw
Succeeded by	Scott W. Lucas
In office March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1921
Preceded by	James R. Williams
Succeeded by	Guy L. Shaw
Personal details
Born	August 20, 1860 Carrollton, Illinois
Died	August 19, 1934 (aged 73) St. Louis, Missouri
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Knox College Amherst College Union College of Law
Profession	Law

Biography

Early years

Rainey attended the public schools and Knox Academy and Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. He transferred to, and graduated from Amherst College in 1883 and then the Union College of Law, in Chicago which he graduated in 1885. He was admitted to the bar in 1885 and commenced practice in Carrollton, Ill.

Political career

Rainey was appointed master in chancery for Greene County, Ill., from 1887 until 1895, when he resigned, and returned to private practice. He then decided to return to politics in 1902 getting elected to Congress and serving for nine terms before losing to Guy L. Shaw in 1920. Two years later, he won back his seat and served until his death.

Leadership

Due to the Great Depression, the Republican party lost its majority in a landslide, and, with John Nance Garner elevated to the Speakership, Rainey ran for, and defeated John McDuffie for the Majority leadership. McDuffie remained as Whip.

Speaker of the House

Statue of Henry T. Rainey, north of Carrollton, Illinois

With Speaker Garner having been inaugurated Vice President on March 4, 1933, Rainey, being next in line, was elected Speaker of the House when President Roosevelt called a special session of Congress two days later. Rainey gave the Roosevelt administration carte blanche to do whatever it wanted, allowing almost the entire New Deal to be passed with little or no changes.

More reforms were passed during the regular session starting December. Rainey died of a heart attack the following summer, before the new Congress could meet.

See also

• Henry T. Rainey Farm
• List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

Further reading

• Waller, Robert Alfred. Rainey of Illinois: a political biography, 1903-34 (University of Illinois Press, 1977)
• United States Congress. "Henry Thomas Rainey (id: R000014)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

External links

• Works by or about Henry Thomas Rainey at Internet Archive
• Henry Thomas Rainey at Find a Grave

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by James R. Williams	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 20th congressional district 1903–1921	Succeeded by Guy L. Shaw
Preceded by Guy L. Shaw	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 20th congressional district 1923–1934	Succeeded by Scott W. Lucas
Preceded by John Nance Garner	Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives March 9, 1933 – August 19, 1934	Succeeded by Joseph W. Byrns
Party political offices
Preceded by John Q. Tilson	Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives December 7, 1931 – March 3, 1933	Succeeded by Joseph W. Byrns