Framingham station

Framingham is a historic Boston and Albany Railroad station located in downtown Framingham, Massachusetts. Designed by noted American architect H. H. Richardson, it was one of the last of the railroad stations he designed in the northeastern United States to be built. The station, built in 1884–85, served as a major stop on the B&A Main Line as well as a hub for branch lines to Milford, Mansfield, Fitchburg, and Lowell. After years of deterioration, the station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 as the Framingham Railroad Station, and restored a decade later.[4]

Framingham
Modern station platforms and pedestrian bridge, opened in 2001
Location	417 Waverly Street Framingham, Massachusetts
Owned by	MBTA
Line(s)	Worcester Main Line
Platforms	2 side platforms
Tracks	2
Connections	MWRTA: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Framingham Commuter Shuttle, Westborough Commuter Shuttle Greyhound
Construction
Parking	166 spaces ($4.00 daily) 4 accessible spaces
Bicycle facilities	10 spaces
Disabled access	Yes
Other information
Station code	FRA (Amtrak)
Fare zone	5 (MBTA)
History
Opened	1834
Rebuilt	1848, 1885 (H. H. Richardson depot) 2001 (modern platforms)
Previous names	South Framingham (until January 8, 1915)[1]
Traffic
Passengers (2018)	1,961[2]  0.36% (Amtrak)
Passengers (2018)	1,130 (weekday average boardings)[3] (MBTA weekday average)
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station Worcester toward Chicago Lake Shore Limited Boston Back Bay toward Boston South Preceding station MBTA Following station Ashland toward Worcester Framingham/​Worcester Line West Natick toward South Station
Former services Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station Ashland toward Albany Boston and Albany Railroad Main Line Natick toward Boston Whitneys toward Milford Milford Branch Terminus
Framingham Railroad Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Framingham Railroad Station in 1959
Show map of Massachusetts Show map of the United States
Coordinates	42°16′35″N 71°25′6″W
Built	1885
Architect	H. H. Richardson
Architectural style	Richardsonian Romanesque
NRHP reference No.	75000258[4]
Added to NRHP	January 17, 1975

In 2001, MBTA Framingham/Worcester Line and Amtrak operations were shifted to a new set of platforms nearby, which have high-level sections for handicapped-accessible boarding and a footbridge for crossing the tracks. This new station is among the busiest on the MBTA system, with 41 daily MBTA and 2 Amtrak trains on weekdays. The H. H. Richardson-designed station building remains largely intact and is currently used as a restaurant.

History

1848-built station photographed in 1861

1848-built station, moved from its original location and converted to a freight house, in 1959

Boston and Worcester Railroad

The Boston and Worcester Railroad, which had opened from Boston to Newton in April 1834, opened to South Framingham in August 1834.[5] The village's first major station, a 2-story wooden Dutch Colonial structure, was constructed in 1848.[6] After being replaced, it was moved slightly west and converted to a freight house – a function it served until it was demolished in the 1960s.[6]

Over the next several decades, South Framingham became an important regional rail hub. The Boston and Worcester built its 12-mile Milford Branch from South Framingham to Milford via Holliston in 1848.[5] The next year, the B&W built a short branch to Framingham Center, which the B&W mainline had bypassed. This line, later called the Agricultural Branch Railroad, was realigned near Framingham Center and extended to Pratts Junction in Sterling in 1855. Franklin Street was built on the former branch right of way. The Agricultural Branch and the Framingham & Lowell (which branched off it at Framingham Center) were the northernmost section of the Old Colony Railroad, which took over the lines in 1879.[5]

The Old Colony's access to South Framingham was the Mansfield & Framingham, which opened in 1870 and was also acquired in 1879.[5] By the time of the Old Colony takeover, South Framingham featured the 1848-built station, a freight house, a car house, and three separate engine houses serving the various branch lines. Through service on the mainline operated as far as Albany; the B&W had joined with the Western Railroad in 1867 to become the Boston and Albany Railroad.[5] Framingham began to be used occasionally as a short turn terminus for Boston-bound commuter trains in the early 1860s and continuously as such after 1864.[7] As of August 2015, a small number of Framingham/Worcester Line trains are short-turned at Framingham.[8]

H. H. Richardson depot

H. H. Richardson depot under construction in 1885

Interior of the station in 1959

Beginning in 1881, the Boston & Albany began a massive improvement program that included the building of over 30 new stations along its main line as well as the Highland Branch, which it bought in 1883. Famed architect H. H. Richardson was hired to design nine of these stations, including South Framingham which was commissioned in October 1883.[9] The $62,718 station, built in 1884–85 by the Norcross Brothers company, was the largest and costliest of the nine.[6] The station is a prime example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style, built of rough-hewn granite with contrasting details. The dominant roofline, dormers, arched bow window, and wooden interior are typical of the style. Like many of Richardson's designs, the station was well-praised; Henry-Russell Hitchcock called it a "better and somewhat more personal work" in The Architecture of H. H. Richardson and His Time.[9] A small square baggage room was built in the same style just east of the station, near the Concord Street (Route 126) grade crossing.[6]

The station's importance remained through the first half of the 20th century. After the Boston & Albany was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1900, third and fourth tracks were extended in 1907 to South Framingham from Lake Crossing station in Wellesley.[5] In 1911, the NYC considered laying third rail on the main line as far as South Framingham, as well as on the Highland Branch, to allow more frequent electric service on the lines. This would have been the only electrified commuter service directly into Boston, as neither the later-electrified Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad nor experimental electric service on the South Shore Railroad went directly to downtown. However, the plan was abandoned because the infrastructure cost would have exceeded the annual savings on fuel.[10] (In 1959, the Highland Branch received catenary wire and was turned into the Green Line D branch).

Due in no small part to the presence of the station, South Framingham eclipsed Framingham Center in size; on January 8, 1915, the station was renamed Framingham.[1] Traffic on the B&A and its various branch lines, though, decreased after World War I. In 1919, Agricultural Branch trains were cut to Framingham, requiring a transfer to continue Boston or Mansfield. The line was cut back to Marlborough in 1931, and passenger service ended in 1937.[7] Passenger service on the Mansfield & Framingham ended in 1933.[5] The Milford Branch lasted the longest of the Boston & Albany branch lines; it was cut to one daily trip in 1953 and terminated in April 1959.[7]

MBTA era

An MBTA train at Framingham in 1977

The Lake Shore Limited at Framingham in 1977

In January 1960, the New York Central planned to end all service on the line, due to the opening of the Green Line D branch to Riverside in July 1959. However, that April, following public outcry over the planned discontinuation of service, the railroad was ordered to continue limited service, leaving Framingham with 8 daily round trips.[7] When the extension of the Massachusetts Turnpike to downtown Boston began in 1961, the third and fourth tracks were removed. The NYC merged into Penn Central in 1968; by 1969, Framingham saw just 4 daily round trips.[7]

The MBTA began subsidizing service as far as Framingham in January 1973; the last Worcester round trip ended on October 27, 1975, leaving Framingham as the terminus of the line.[11][7] The modern Amtrak Lake Shore Limited was established 4 days later, and has provided intercity service via Framingham ever since.[7] From 1996 until their 2004 discontinuation, Amtrak Inland Route trains also stopped at Framingham.[12][13]

By the 1970s, the station had fallen into disrepair; part of the roof collapsed in 1978.[6] On January 17, 1975, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Framingham Railroad Station.[4] The building was restored in 1985, and has been occupied by various restaurants since.[6] The original interior is no longer extant, but the exterior is mostly complete. The small baggage office east of the station building has been converted into a bank ATM.[6]

When the Needham Line was closed in October 1979 for Southwest Corridor construction, service on the Framingham line was increased considerably as partial compensation.[11][7] By April 1984, the MBTA operated 12.5 daily round trips from Framingham.[7] Service was restored to Worcester on September 26, 1994 as mitigation for delays in reopening the Old Colony Lines (the first two of which finally opened in September 1997) – the first time in 19 years that commuter rail service extended beyond Framingham.

New station

2001-built accessible mini-high platforms and fence to prevent pedestrians from crossing the tracks

The restored 1885 depot is now a local restaurant

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 mandated that all new construction on transit stations including making the stations handicapped accessible. Because the 1885 depot is very close to the tracks, such upgrades at the old station location would have been difficult. Construction of accessible platforms and expanded parking was originally approved by the MBTA Board in May 1992.[14] New platforms, with mini-high platforms on their west ends for level boarding, were built just west of the former station. A footbridge with two elevators was built to allow passengers to reach the outbound platform without crossing the tracks, which carry slow-moving CSX freight service as well as MBTA and Amtrak trains.[15] The new platforms opened in early 2001, but the elevators were not yet open by that July.[16]

Framingham currently sees 21 weekday MBTA round trips to Boston, with 8 to 9 round trips on weekends.[8][17] On weekdays, Framingham is the only station west of Lansdowne station at which all trains stop. Most trains run to/from Worcester, but some terminate at Framingham instead.[8] Average weekday ridership is 1,130 passengers, making Framingham the second-busiest station on the line outside Boston (after Worcester).[3] Framingham also has Amtrak intercity service via the daily Lake Shore Limited, which runs to Chicago's Union Station via Albany–Rensselaer.

In October 2016, the MetroWest Regional Transit Authority (MWRTA) took over management of the station from the MBTA under a lease agreement. The agreement relieves the MBTA from the cost of maintaining the station, while allowing the MWRTA to use parking revenue to construct bus shelters and additional parking areas.[17] An additional parking lot was opened inside the wye on the north side of the station in August 2017.[18]

Other Framingham stations

Map of current and former railroad stations in and around Framingham

Framingham Centre station around 1900

Nobscot station around 1910

Saxonville station with a train in 1880

Besides the main depot at the South Framingham junction, Framingham has been served by a number of stations inside or just outside its borders. The Agricultural Branch included three of these stations. One, variously known as Montwait, Mt. Wayte, and Lakeview, was located just north of Mt. Wayte Avenue at the north end of Farm Pond.[5][19] The station served the Montwait neighborhood as well as the Montwait Camp Ground, a worship camp used by Methodist, Chautaqua, and later Pentecostal groups from the 1870s to the 1910s.[20][21] The Framingham Centre station – at times known simply as Framingham – located at Maynard Street adjacent to Route 9. It was opened in 1849 when the branch to Framingham Center was completed. A new station was built in 1855 when the branch was realigned and extended. It also served the Framingham & Lowell after that line opened in 1871. A freight house and coal shed were located nearby to the north.[22] Fayville station was located just over the Southborough border in the Fayville village and also served the western reaches of Framingham. The station was placed at Central Street between Route 9 and Route 30 at or after the 1855 opening of the line.[23] The three stations closed with the end of passenger service on the branch in 1937; none of the buildings remain.[7]

The Framingham & Lowell shared the South Framingham and Framingham Centre stations after its 1871 opening. An additional station, variously known as North Framingham and Nobscot, was located between Water Street and Edgell road, near the modern Nobscot Shopping Center.[24] The station closed with the end of passenger service in the 1930s and was later destroyed. The former Nobscot post office and library building, which also served as a railroad ticket sales office, has been restored near its original site.[25]

The Saxonville Branch – the only line in Framingham not connected to South Framingham – opened from Natick to Saxonville in July 1846.[5] Two stations on the branch line were in Framingham. Cochituate station was at Commonwealth Road (Route 30) on Framingham's eastern border with Natick.[26] The terminus station at Saxonville was a "typical B&A granite station" located off Concord Street north of School Street (Route 126).[10][27] The lightly-used line never saw more than three daily round trips; in 1936, passenger service was discontinued. A "bus" – in reality, a car driven by the Saxonville station agent – ran to Natick station until 1943.[10] Neither station is extant, but the Saxonville roof may have been reused on a nearby carriage house which still stands.[28]

No stations other than the South Framingham hub were located on the Boston & Albany mainline within Framingham. The stations in Ashland (still-extant downtown station closed in 1960; nearby park-and-ride station opened in 2002) and West Natick (opened 1982) serve some peripheral sections of Framingham.[11]

Bus connections

Eight of the 17 bus routes operated by the MetroWest Regional Transit Authority (MWRTA) serve Framingham station. Five routes (2, 3, 4, 7, Framingham Commuter Shuttle) stop at the "banana lot", a curved parking lot on the north side of the tracks. The Westborough Commuter Shuttle stops on Concord Street at Howard Street, while route 5 and 6 stop on Waverly Street on the south side of the tracks:

The central hub for the MWRTA is the Blandin Hub in Framingham, 0.6 miles (1.0 km) to the east. Six of the MWRTA's numbered routes plus the Boston Hospital Shuttle serve Blandin Hub. Three numbered routes, all five commuter shuttles, and the Boston Hospital Shuttle serve Waverly Hub, 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east of the station.

Station layout

Framingham station area
to West Natick Beaver Street Framingham Secondary Hollis Street (MA-126) Fitchburg Subdivision Milford Branch to Ashland

The station consists of two high level side platforms serving the two tracks. A footbridge near the end of the platform allows for commuters to easily switch between the platforms while still staying within the station site. A medium-sized parking lot is adjacent to the station, offering a total of 170 parking spaces.

Grade crossings

Concord Street grade crossing near the station

Unlike most other mid-sized cities in Massachusetts, Framingham still has significant level crossings in the downtown area. The crossings at Beaver Street and Concord Street (Route 126) near the station are the first grade crossings on the Worcester Line heading westbound; there are only three others on the largely grade-separated line east of Worcester. The Concord Street crossing was one of the last in the state with a crossing guard; he was replaced by an automated system with grade crossing signals and road gates as warning devices in 1986.[29]

The crossing is problematic because passing freight trains often result in delays both on Route 126, as well as Route 135 which crosses it just south of the tracks. The frequent blockage of the crossing by passing trains reduces capacity in the intersection by 21% during the morning rush and 16% in the afternoon, resulting in delays and traffic jams in the downtown area. Increased service levels planned by the MBTA would result in morning capacity reduction of 34% and afternoon reduction of 28%.[30]

The first discussion of improving the intersection and grade crossing was a study in 1898, since which there have been about three dozen more.[30] The most recent, a 2009 study of the downtown area, examined the possibility of depressing Route 126 under the grade crossing and intersection as well as several other alternatives including bypasses. The Route 126 depression was deemed to create barriers to walkability downtown, and the recommended alternative was to depress Route 135 under the intersection to prevent it from being affected by trains passing through the grade crossing.[30] Funds have not yet become available for final design and construction.

South of the station platforms, the remaining rarely-used stub of the Milford Branch crosses Waverly Street (Route 135) at grade. East of Concord Street, the Framingham Secondary also crosses Waverly Street at grade. Both crossings are only used by slow-moving freight trains; they have flashing signals but no gates.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Framingham, Massachusetts

References

1. Jacobs, Warren (October 1928). "Dates of Some of the Principal Events in the History of 100 Years of the Railroad in New England. 1826-1926". Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. Railway and Locomotive Historical Society. 17: 15–28. JSTOR 43504499.
2. "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2018, State of Massachusetts" (PDF). Amtrak. June 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
3. Central Transportation Planning Staff (2019). "2018 Commuter Rail Counts". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
4. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
5. Karr, Ronald Dale (1995). The Rail Lines of Southern New England. Branch Line Press. pp. 218, 279–286, 307–309. ISBN 0942147022.
6. Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses. Branch Line Press. pp. 157–58. ISBN 9780942147087.
7. Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 22–25. ISBN 9780685412947.
8. "Framingham/Worcester Line schedule". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
9. Cummins, Abbott L. (January 1960). "Photographs: Written Historical and Descriptive Data" (PDF). Historic American Buildings Survey. United States Nation Park Service. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
10. Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1986). Boston's Commuter Rail: Second Section. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 39, 61. ISBN 9780938315025.
11. Belcher, Jonathan (12 November 2012). "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district" (PDF). NETransit. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
12. National Rail Passenger Corporation (dba Amtrak) (10 November 1996). "Amtrak Northeast Timetable". Museum of Railway Timetables. p. 4. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
13. National Rail Passenger Corporation (dba Amtrak) (1 November 2004). "Amtrak System Timetable". Museum of Railway Timetables. p. 30. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
14. Sanborn, George M. (1992). A Chronicle of the Boston Transit System. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority – via Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
15. TranSystems and Planners Collaborative (24 August 2007). "Evaluation of MBTA Paratransit and Accessible Fixed Route Transit Services: Final Report" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Agency. p. 40. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
16. Palmer, Thomas C., Jr. (July 8, 2001). "Ramps close for Big Dig traffic shifts". Boston Globe. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
17. "MWRTA to Oversee Framingham Commuter Rail Station". MassDOT Blog (Press release). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. October 6, 2016.
18. "Baker-Polito Administration Celebrates Framingham Commuter Rail Lot Ribbon Cutting". MassDOT Blog (Press release). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. August 17, 2017.
19. "Framingham 1895 Plate 04: South Framingham, Lake St". Barnes & Jenks. 1895. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
20. "US – Massachusetts Listings". Healing and Revival Press. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
21. "Other Chautaqua Assemblies". The Chautauquan. 31: 427. April–September 1900. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
22. Framingham Center (Map). 1 : 3000. Atlas of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. WardMaps LLC: Geo. H. Walker & Co. 1889. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
23. Northborough & Shrewsbury & Southborough & Westborough (Fayville inset) (Map). 1 : 6600. New Topog. Atlas of the County of Worcester. WardMaps LLC: L. J. Richards. 1898. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
24. Framingham Quadrant (Map). 1:31680. USGS 7.5 Minute Sheets and Quadrangles. WardMaps LLC. 1922. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
25. "Preserving Nobscot's History". Nobscot Post Office/Library Restoration Project. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
26. Natick (Map). 1:28,800. County Atlas of Middlesex, Massachusetts. WardMaps LLC: F.W. Beers & Co. 1875. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
27. Saxonville (Map). Atlas of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Geo. H. Walker & Co. 1889. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
28. Simakauskas, John (2006). "An old carriage house in Saxonville, Massachusetts". Vistadome Views. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
29. "Technologically Displaced". Middlesex News. 27 February 1986. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
30. Beta Group Inc.; et al. (31 August 2009). "Final Report: Downtown Study Framingham, MA". Town of Framingham. Retrieved 23 February 2013.

External links

Modern station

• Framingham, MA – Amtrak
• MBTA – Framingham
• Great American Stations – Framingham, MA (FRA)
• Framingham Amtrak-MBTA Station (USA RailGuide – TrainWeb)
• Modern station on Google Maps Street View

1885 station

• Historic American Buildings Survey entry with pictures and data pages
• Framingham Railroad Station at Northeast Architecture
• 1885 station on Google Maps Street View