Millis Branch

The Millis Branch was a branch of what is now the MBTA Commuter Rail system. Branching off the still-operating Needham Line at Needham Junction, it ran through the towns of Dover, Medfield, Millis, and Medway. Due to lack of subsidies and poor ridership, the line was cut back to Millis station in April 1966, and all service ended on April 21, 1967.

Millis Branch
The former station building at Dover, as seen in 2014
Overview
Type	Commuter rail
System	Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Status	Abandoned
Locale	Southeastern Massachusetts
Termini	Boston South Station Millis
Stations	14[1]
Operation
Opened	1861 (Charles River Branch Railroad)
Closed	April 21, 1967[2]
Owner	New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, later Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Operator(s)	New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad later MBTA
Character	Surface-level
Technical
Line length	22.1 miles[1]
Track gauge	4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map South Station Back Bay Framingham/Worcester Line Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin Line, and Dedham Branch Roslindale Village Bellevue Highland West Roxbury Former route to Dedham Bird's Hill Needham Junction Needham Line Charles River Dover Farm Street Medfield Framingham Secondary Clicquot Millis Medway West Medway Former route to Woonsocket and Pascoag, Rhode Island

History

The Charles River Branch Railroad was extended from Needham Center to Woonsocket, Rhode Island in stages between 1861 and 1863 under the New York & Boston Railroad, with service operating to Boston via the Highland Branch.[3] Initial plans to extend the line to New York City as an air-line railroad never came to pass, but a small portion of this route was built as the Woonsocket and Pascoag Railroad, opening from Woonsocket to Pascoag, Rhode Island in 1891;[4] the latter line became functionally an extension of the Charles River Branch, with through trains from Pascoag to and from Boston, although not on schedules suitable for commuting.[3][4] Ownership of the line passed through the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad, New York and New England Railroad, and, finally, to the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (commonly referred to as just the "New Haven Railroad"), which consolidated essentially the entire southern and southeastern Massachusetts rail network under its umbrella. After the Needham Cutoff opened on November 4, 1906, service from Woonsocket and intermediate stops ran over the cutoff rather than via the Highland Branch.[3]

With the Midland Line (now the Franklin Line) as the primary Woonsocket route for the New Haven Railroad, the Charles River Branch served as a minor branch line. After 1926, all service to Woonsocket was provided by shuttle trains from Woonsocket to Bellingham Junction; service north of Bellingham Junction was provided by trains from Boston to Franklin via Needham and Bellingham Junction, as well as trains travelling via the Charles River Branch outbound and the Midland Line inbound or vice versa.[3] Service beyond Bellingham Junction was discontinued entirely in 1930, and the portion of the line between Woonsocket and the state line was completely abandoned in 1934.[3][4] All service beyond Needham Junction was discontinued on July 13, 1938.[3] Service to Bellingham Junction was briefly restored in March 1940 with a single daily round trip between Boston and Franklin via the Charles River Branch, but this was cut back to Caryville station in North Bellingham in May 1940; at the same time, however, additional service was added between Boston and West Medway.[3] In September 1941, all remaining Caryville service was cut back to West Medway, which would remain the terminus of the branch for the next 25​¹⁄₂ years.[3][5] After 1955, service on the branch was reduced to one single-car round trip to West Medway, which was combined with a longer Needham Heights train at Needham Junction.[2][3]

By the time the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) was founded in August 1964 to subsidize suburban commuter rail service, the West Medway Branch was moribund. Subsidies to the New Haven Railroad for the Needham, West Medway, Dedham, and Franklin lines began on April 24, 1966; out-of-district Medway declined to provide additional funding, and the line was cut back to Millis as the Millis Branch.[2] The sole remaining round trips to Millis and Dedham were cut on April 21, 1967, due to extremely poor ridership.[2][3]

The former stations at Dover (now a Dunkin Donuts) and Millis (now town offices) are still extant; the other six stations west of Needham Junction have been demolished.

In July 2020, the state awarded $100,000 for construction of the Medfield Rail Trail from Medfield Junction to the Dover line.[6]

Station and junction listing

Milepost[1][7]	City	Station/junction	Opening date[3]	Closing date[3]	Notes[3]
0.00	Boston	South Station	January 1, 1899		Still operating
					Junction with Midland Branch (now MBTA Fairmount Line)
1.2		Back Bay	January 1, 1899		Still operating
					Junction with Framingham/Worcester Line
5.0					Junction with Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin Line, and Dedham Branch
6.4		Roslindale Village	1870		Still operating
7.2		Bellevue	1870		Still operating
7.6		Highland	1870		Still operating
8.0		West Roxbury	1870		Still operating
10.9	Needham	Bird's Hill	1917		Still operating (now Hersey)
12.0		Needham Junction (station)	November 4,  1906		Still operating
12.1		Needham Junction			Junction with Needham Line
13.8		Charles River	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967
					Former branch to Ridge Hill
15.2	Dover	Dover	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967	Station building still survives as a café
18.2	Medfield	Farm Street	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967
19.3		Medfield	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967	Junction with NYNH&H Mansfield and Framingham Railroad
21.5	Millis	Clicquot	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967	Mainly a freight station by the 1960s[8]
22.1		Millis	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 21, 1967	Station building still survives and is rented out for commercial purposes
24.6	Medway	Medway	November 18, 1861 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 24, 1966	Former junction with Medway Branch (abandoned 1864)
26.1		West Medway	September 1862 March 1940	July 18, 1938 April 24, 1966
27.3	Bellingham	Caryville	November 16, 1863 March 1940	July 18, 1938 September 1941
28.2		North Bellingham	November 16, 1863 March 1940	July 18, 1938 May 1940
30.5		Bellingham Junction	November 16, 1863 March 1940	July 18, 1938 May 1940	Junction with NYNH&H Milford Branch
34.7	Blackstone	East Blackstone	November 16, 1863	1926 (through trains) 1930 (Bellingham-Woonsocket shuttles)
35.5		Woonsocket Junction	November 16, 1863	1926 (through trains) 1930 (Bellingham-Woonsocket shuttles)	Junction with NYNH&H Midland Line
36	Woonsocket, Rhode Island	North Main Street Crossing	November 16, 1863	Pre-1907
37.1		Woonsocket	November 16, 1863	1926 (through trains) 1930 (Bellingham-Woonsocket shuttles)	Junction with Providence and Worcester Railroad; planned to be a stop on the future Boston Surface Railroad from Worcester to Providence
Woonsocket and Pascoag Railroad continues

References

1. "SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND RAILROADS (2) – SL 198" (PDF). Jim Fergusson's Railway and Tramway Station Lists. 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
2. Belcher, Jonathan (27 June 2015). "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district" (PDF). NETransit. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
3. Humphrey, Thomas J. & Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 43–46. ISBN 9780685412947.
4. "WOONSOCKET". Rhode Island Railroads. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
5. Humphrey, Thomas J. & Clark, Norton D. (1986). Boston's Commuter Rail: Second Section. Boston Street Railway Association. p. 32. ISBN 978-0685412947.
6. "2020 MassTrails Grant Awards". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. July 2020. p. 4.
7. "Ridership and Service Statistics" (PDF) (14th ed.). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2014.
8. "Another Millis/Cliquot question New Haven days". The NHRHTA New Haven Railroad Forum. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2015.