FIDE World Chess Championship 1996

The FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 was a chess tournament held by FIDE to determine the World Chess Champion.

Background

At the time the World Chess Champion title was split.

In 1993, Nigel Short had qualified via FIDE's usual format to meet champion Garry Kasparov in a championship match. However, Kasparov and Short broke with FIDE and played under the auspices of a new organization which they had organized, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). Kasparov won this match to remain champion.

With its two top players withdrawn, FIDE awarded the two slots in its 1993 championship match to Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman, both of whom had been defeated in earlier qualification rounds by Short. Karpov won the match to become the FIDE World Champion.

The FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 was FIDE's first since the 1993 split. Meanwhile, the PCA held its Classical World Chess Championship 1995, in which Kasparov defeated Viswanathan Anand to retain his title.

Many of the same players competed in both organization's qualifying events. However, Kasparov and Short did not compete in the FIDE event.

1993 Interzonal tournament

FIDE held an Interzonal tournament in Biel in July 1993, run as a 73 player, 13 round Swiss system tournament.[1]

The top 10 from the Interzonal qualified for a Championship tournament. In the event of a tie break, players were ranked by the sum of their opponents' Elo ratings, excluding the lowest rating.

1993 FIDE Interzonal Tournament
Rating12345678910111213TotalTie break
1 GM Boris Gelfand (Belarus)2670+35+49=6+39=3+43=2+10+17=5=13=9=79
2 GM Paul van der Sterren (Netherlands)2525=51=41+71+31+26=13=1=6=4=7+17=8=38½31545
3 GM Gata Kamsky (United States)2645+12=25+47=28=1=16+32=4+6=17=5=7=28½31470
4 GM Alexander Khalifman (Russia)2645+58=43+45+8-10=6+24=3=2=16+26=5=98½31390
5 GM Michael Adams (England)2630-44+60-22+68+62+65+28+9=7=1=3=4=68½31345
6 GM Leonid Yudasin (Israel)2605+67=44=1=36+48=4+23=2-3=11+29+13=58½31340
7 GM Valery Salov (Russia)2685=49+71=31+55+42+24=10-17=5=2+21=3=18½31285
8 GM Joël Lautier (France)2620+26+62=17-4=22=21+33=16=9=15+27=2+248½31280
9 GM Vladimir Kramnik (Russia)2710-45+19=35+38+55+37=17-5=8+31+16=1=48½31240
10 GM Viswanathan Anand (India)2725=16=22+44+25+4=17=7-1=21=27=18+28=11831435
11 GM Vladimir Epishin (Russia)2655=18=35=38=45=41=36+42+39=13=6=24+15=10831305
12 GM Smbat Lputian (Armenia)2555-3+70-39+71=31=56-14+55=20+52=51+40+32831275
13 GM Alexei Shirov (Latvia)2685=65+53=32=22+47=2=16=29=11+23=1-6+21831195
14 GM Vassily Ivanchuk (Ukraine)2705=22=16=21=65=25=47+12=37=23=29+33=24+27831125
15 GM Ivan Sokolov (Bosnia and Herzegovina)2610+66=23+57-17=21=22=37=27+36=8+35-11+30831030
16 GM Lajos Portisch (Hungary)2585=10=14=40+44+56=3=13=8+29=4-9=18=207½31855
17 GM Evgeny Bareev (Russia)2660+38+39=8+15=24=10=9+7-1=3-2=21=187½31580
18 GM Evgeny Sveshnikov (Latvia)2570=11=29+20-37=50-33+70+43=28+45=10=16=177½31515
19 GM Bosko Abramovic (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)2460=47-9+53+33=29-26=56+59-31+46=37+45=227½31140
20 GM Judit Polgár (Hungary)2630=34=46-18=27+58=41-35+57=12+43=31+26=167½30850
21 GM Alexey Dreev (Russia)2570+40-24=14+52=15=8+43=31=10+22-7=17-13731795
22 GM Patrick Wolff (United States)2585=14=10+5=13=8=15=31=40+52-21-28+56=19731700
23 GM Yasser Seirawan (United States)2575+63=15=51=56+36=28-6+24=14-13=40=31=33731625
24 GM Mikhail Gurevich (Belgium)2605+69+21=28+43=17-7-4-23+44+39=11=14-8731465
25 GM Lembit Oll (Estonia)2595+70=3=56-10=14-40=46=34=38+65-30+63+51731415
26 GM Dibyendu Barua (India)2510-8+63+41+51-2+19-29+32=35+40-4-20=28731405
27 GM Jeroen Piket (Netherlands)2590-71+59-42=20+61+52=40=15+56=10-8+38-14731360
28 GM Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland)2625+30+42=24=3=37=23-5-35=18+41+22-10=26731225
29 GM Boris Gulko (United States)2635=46=18=58+35=19=42+26=13-16=14-6+43=31731120
30 IM Xu Jun (China)2535-28=68+72=50-39-51+62+65=32=36+25+37-15730985
31 GM Robert Hübner (Germany)2605+60=57=7-2=12+55=22=21+19-9=20=23=29730980
32 GM Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland)2605+59=55=13-42+45+39-3-26=30=51+49+35-12730970
33 GM Julio Granda (Peru)2605-55=61+49-19+34+18-8+51=45=35-14+47=23730930
34 GM Ye Jiangchuan (China)2535=20-48=68=46-33+69=57=25=47=42+65=36+45730880
35 GM Eric Lobron (Germany)2575=1=11=9-29+46=48+20+28=26=33-15-32=386½31480
36 GM Vasily Smyslov (Russia)2520=48=37+62=6-23=11=38+41-15=30=52=34=406½31260
37 GM Jon Speelman (England)2605=54=36+46+18=28-9=15=14-40+56=19-30=416½31165
38 IM Ilya Gurevich (United States)2575-17+67=11-9+69=50=36-56=25+44+39-27=356½31155
39 GM Zdenko Kožul (Bosnia and Herzegovina)2595+64-17+12-1+30-32+65-11+42-24-38=48+616½31150
40 GM Kiril Georgiev (Bulgaria)2660-21+66=16+57-43+25=27=22+37-26=23-12=366½30835
41 GM Curt Hansen (Denmark)2590=72=2-26+73=11=20=48-36+66-28+61=51=376½30735
42 GM Evgeny Pigusov (Russia)2585+74*-28+27+32-7=29-11=48-39=34=46=52=49631305
43 GM Ian Rogers (Australia)2595+68=4+48-24+40-1-21-18+59-20+66-29=50631195
44 GM Ľubomír Ftáčnik (Slovakia)2535+5=6-10-16=57+62+50-52-24-38=67=58+68631130
45 GM Loek van Wely (Netherlands)2585+9=50-4=11-32=70+60+47=33-18+48-19-34631090
46 GM Vasil Spasov (Bulgaria)2540=29=20-37=34-35+73=25+50=48-19=42=62=47631040
47 GM Vladimir Akopian (Armenia)2600=19+54-3+61-13=14=51-45=34=50+55-33=46630995
48 GM Jaan Ehlvest (Estonia)2620=36+34-43+58-6=35=41=42=46=49-45=39=52630985
49 GM Jesus Nogueiras (Cuba)2580=7-1-33=60=70+66=55=58+53=48-32=50=42630910
50 GM Simen Agdestein (Norway)2610+61=45-55=30=18=38-44-46+63=47=56=49=43630910
51 GM Predrag Nikolić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)2625=2+72=23-26-65+30=47-33+58=32=12=41-25630840
52 GM Ilya Smirin (Israel)2640-57=69+73-21+63-27+53+44-22-12=36=42=48630800
53 IM Artur Frolov (Ukraine)2535=56-13-19-69+72+71-52+64-49=59-63bye+66630320
54 IM Darcy Lima (Brazil)2475=37-47-65=67-73=68+69=71=57-66bye+59=63630105
55 GM Walter Arencibia (Cuba)2485+33=32+50-7-9-31=49-12+71=62-47=68=565½30935
56 GM Miguel Illescas (Spain)2625=53+65=25=23-16=12=19+38-27-37=50-22=555½30880
57 GM Vidmantas Mališauskas (Lithuania)2540+52=31-15-40=44=59=34-20=54=58=68=66=625½30820
58 GM Ferdinand Hellers (Sweden)2560-4+64=29-48-20=67+72=49-51=57=59=44=605½30690
59 FM Tigran Nalbandian (Armenia)2485-32-27+64-62+68=57+63-19-43=53=58-54bye5½30505
60 IM Lucas Brunner (Switzerland)2475-31-5=66=49=71+61-45=68-65bye=62=64=585½30335
61 GM Alex Sherzer (United States)2500-50=33+69-47-27-60-68+73bye+64-41+67-395½30325
62 GM Semen Dvoirys (Russia)2590+73-8-36+59-5-44-30=67+70=55=60=46=575½30285
63 GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria)2650-23-26+67=70-52=64-59+72-50+73+53-25=545½30225
64 IM Hichem Hamdouchi (Morocco)2455-39-58-59bye=66=63+73-53=68-61+70=60=655½30200
65 GM Dmitry Gurevich (United States)2575=13-56+54=14+51-5-39-30+60-25-34=69=64530965
66 IM Giorgi Bagaturov (Georgia)2495-15-40=60=72=64-49+67+70-41+54-43=57-53530435
67 IM Amanmurad Kakagaldyev (Turkmenistan)2465-6-38-63=54bye=58-66=62+69=68=44-61=72530330
68 IM Werner Hug (Switzerland)2430-43=30=34-5-59=54+61=60=64=67=57=55-44530255
69 IM Alexandre Lesiège (Canada)2485-24=52-61+53-38-34-54bye-67=72=73=65+71530070
70 IM Pablo Zarnicki (Argentina)2455-25-12bye=63=49=45-18-66-62+71-64=72=734½30270
71 David Gluckman (South Africa)2330+27-7-2-12=60-53bye=54-55-70=72+73-694½30110
72 IM Nikolaos Kalesis (Greece)2410=41-51-30=66-53bye-58-63-73=69=71=70=67430170
73 IM Konstantinos Moutousis (Greece)2425-62bye-52-41+54-46-64-61+72-63=69-71=70430140
74 Esam Aly Ahmed (Egypt)2320-42*0

Esam Aly Ahmed forfeited his first-round game against Pigusov and was dropped from the tournament.

1994–96 Championship tournament

The top 10 from the Interzonal were joined by 1993 FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov, 1993 FIDE runner-up Jan Timman, and 1993 Candidates semi-finalist Artur Yusupov.[2][3] (The other 1993 semi-finalist was the excluded Nigel Short).

The first round matches were held in Wijk aan Zee in January 1994, and the second round matches and semifinals in Sanghi Nagar in July–August 1994 and February 1995, respectively. If tied after the specified number of games (which happened only in the Kamsky-Anand match), rapid chess games were played as tie breaks.[4]

The format was a departure from all previous world championships, in that the reigning champion (Karpov) was not seeded directly into a championship match. Instead, he joined the competition at the semifinal stage.

First round (best of 8) Second round (best of 8) Semifinals (best of 10) Final
            
Gata Kamsky 4½
Paul van der Sterren 2½
Gata Kamsky 6
Viswanathan Anand 4
Viswanathan Anand 4½
Artur Yusupov 2½
Gata Kamsky 5½
Valery Salov 1½
Jan Timman 4½
Joël Lautier 3½
Jan Timman 3½
Valery Salov 4½
Alexander Khalifman 1
Valery Salov 5
Gata Kamsky 7½
Anatoly Karpov 10½
Boris Gelfand 5
Michael Adams 3
Boris Gelfand 4½
Vladimir Kramnik 3½
Leonid Yudasin 2½
Vladimir Kramnik 4½
Boris Gelfand 3
Anatoly Karpov 6
 
 
 
 
 
 

1996 Championship final

The final was held in Elista, Russia in June–July 1996 and played as best of 20 games.

FIDE World Chess Championship Match 1996
Rating123456789101112131415161718Total
 Anatoly Karpov (Russia)2770 10½1½11½10½½½1½0½½10½
 Gata Kamsky (United States)2735 01½0½00½01 ½½½0½1½½7½

Karpov won and retained his title.

gollark: There are many bad natural things and good unnatural things.
gollark: Natural ≠ good, as they say.
gollark: Clearly federal law is bad then.
gollark: Laws being ignored reduces the stability and predictability of the legal system and adds room for discretion, which is bad.
gollark: Having better laws is better than randomly dropping laws when inconvenient.

References
  1. 1993 FIDE Interzonal - Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  2. 1994-96 FIDE Candidates Matches - Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  3. 1996 Karpov - Kamsky FIDE Title Match - Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  4. WCh 08 g6: Anand Won, Kramnik Done, Mig Greengard blog, October 20, 2008 (see comments in final paragraph)

Further reading
  • Vasiukov, Evgeni (1996). The Chronicle of the World Chess Championship '96. Dhzangar.
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