EADS CASA C-295

The EADS CASA C-295 is a twin-turboprop tactical military transport aircraft, and is currently manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space in Spain.

C-295
A Polish Air Force C-295M
Role Military transport aircraft
Manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
EADS CASA
Airbus Defence and Space
First flight 28 November 1997
Introduction 2001
Status In service
Primary users Spanish Air Force
Egyptian Air Force
Polish Air Force
Mexican Air Force
Produced 1997–present
Number built 164[1]
Unit cost
$28 million[2]
Developed from CASA CN-235

Design and development

The C-295 is manufactured and assembled in the Airbus Military facilities in the San Pablo Airport, in Seville, Spain. It is a development of the Spanish–Indonesian transport aircraft CASA/IPTN CN-235, but with a stretched fuselage, 50% more payload capability and new Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines.

CASA began development of the C-295 in November 1996, and the first prototype made its maiden flight on 28 November 1997.[3] The first order for the C-295, from the Spanish Air Force for nine aircraft, was announced in April 1999. It was certificated as airworthy by the Spanish Dirección General de Aviación Civil and the American Federal Aviation Administration in December 1999. Deliveries to the Spanish Air Force began in November 2001.[3]

In 2012, Airbus Military announced several enhancements to the base C-295 design, changes included the adoption of winglets and an ability to carry the Marte anti-ship missile; a dedicated airborne early warning and control variant was also planned.[4] In November 2015, a C-295 successfully demonstrated a new self-protection suite, which incorporated elements such as directional infrared countermeasures from Elbit Systems and infrared passive airborne warning system.[5] In January 2016, Airbus was in the process of developing a new probe-and-drogue aerial refuelling rig to be optionally installed in the centerline of the C295 for the aerial refuelling of combat helicopters. Initial 'dry' flight tests are scheduled later in the year. Airbus is also performing flap optimisations and other modifications upon the type for extremely short takeoff and landing capabilities.[6]

The C-295's main competitor is the C-27J Spartan, manufactured initially by Alenia Aeronautica (2006-2012) and Alenia Aermacchi (2012-2016) and now by Leonardo S.p.A..[7] The C-295 was a major bidder for the US Army–US Air Force Joint Cargo Aircraft (JCA) programme but lost to the L-3 Communications/Alenia team for the C-27J in June 2007.[8] The C-295 was considered a higher risk by the Army due to its use of a new operational mode to meet altitude and range requirements.[9] Among other contracts the C-295 lost to the C-27J are the Peruvian Air Force's Antonov An-32s' replacement and the Royal Australian Air Force's retired de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribous' replacement.

Variants
C-295 AEW prototype at the Royal International Air Tattoo in 2011
C-295W prototype at the Farnborough Airshow in 2014
C-295 Armed ISR variant at Dubai Air Show 2017
C-295M
Military transport version. Capacity for 71 troops, 48 paratroops, 27 stretchers, five 2.24 × 2.74 m (88 × 108 inches) pallets, or three light vehicles.[3]
CN-295
Variant made by Indonesian Aerospace, who have a license to build the C-295 in Indonesia. Since 2011, Indonesian Aerospace has an industrial collaboration with Airbus Defence & Space for the CN-295 program.[10]
C-295 MPA/Persuader
Maritime patrol/anti-submarine warfare version. Provision for six hardpoints.[3]
C-295 AEW&C
Prototype airborne early warning and control version with EL/W-2090 360 degree radar dome. The AESA radar was developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and has an integrated IFF (Identification friend or foe) system.
C-295 Firefighter
Dedicated aerial firefighting aircraft.[11]
CC-295 SAR
Dedicated search and rescue aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force.[12]
C-295 SIGINT
Dedicated signals intelligence version.
C-295W
Enhanced performance version with winglets and uprated engines announced in 2013. Certification is expected in 2014.[13]
AC-295 Gunship
Gunship version developed by Airbus Defence and Space, Orbital ATK, and the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau, based on the AC-235 Light Gunship configuration.[14][15]
KC-295
Dedicated tanker aircraft.[16]

Operators
CASA C-295 operators:
  C-295M users.
  C-295 Persuader users
  Both versions users.
Bangladesh Army Aviation Group CN-295W
EADS CASA C-295 of the Brazilian Air Force in special markings for RIAT 2009
EADS CASA C-295 of the Kazakh Air Force delivered in 2013
A Royal Air Force of Oman C-295MPA being tested at Seville Airport in 2015
Portuguese Air Force EADS CASA C-295 (code 16708) arrives at RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire, England, on 10 July 2014, for the Royal International Air Tattoo
A Philippine Air Force CASA C-295M taxis after landing at the Legazpi Airport in Legazpi City, Albay. The aircraft is assigned to the Tactical Operations Group 5 of the Philippine Air Force.
CASA C-295 of the Polish Air Force at the Radom Air Show in 2005

The C-295 is in service with the armed forces of 15 countries. As of 31 August 2015, 136 C295s have been ordered with 134 in service and two lost in accidents.[17]

 Algeria
 Angola
 Bangladesh
 Brazil
  • The Brazilian Air Force received 13 C-295s, designated C-105A Amazonas, to replace their ageing DHC-5/C-115 Buffalo transports. Additional orders are to raise the total to 15 by 2020.[18][23][24]
 Burkina Faso
 Canada
 Chile
 Colombia
  • The Colombian Air Force operates six C-295s; the last of original four was delivered in April 2009. The fifth aircraft was ordered in September 2012 and delivered 14 March 2013.[29] The sixth aircraft was ordered in January 2013, entering service before 31 August 2015.[29]
 Czech Republic
  • The Czech Air Force ordered four C-295 which replaced their Antonov An-26s, with all having been delivered in 2010. They are based at Kbely Airforce-Base.[30] Two more were ordered in 2017.[31]
 Ecuador
 Egypt
  • The Egyptian Air Force operates 24 C-295 as of August 2018.[32] Three aircraft were initially ordered for tactical and logistical transport.[33] The first delivery was on 24 September 2011.[34] In January 2013 a follow-on order was signed for six more aircraft[35] and a further eight was ordered on 16 July 2014.[36]
 Equatorial Guinea
  • Equatorial Guinea Air Force – Two (one transport and one surveillance) aircraft on order for delivery from September 2016.[37]
 Finland
 Ghana
 India
  • The Indian Air Force will be operating 56 C-295Ws and the Indian Coast Guard will be operating 6 more. An order for 56 was finalised on 13 May 2015 by the Indian Ministry of Defense. The first 16 C-295s will be brought in fly away condition; the remaining 40 will be manufactured in India in partnership with Tata Advanced Systems.[40] In March 2019, as price negotiations were concluded, the order was raised to a total of 62, with 6 aircraft for Indian Coast Guard.[41]
 Indonesia
  • The Indonesian Air Force operates eight C-295 for tactical and logistical transport. One C-295 is on order as of August 2015.[29] Three planes will be assembled in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace (Indonesian: PT Dirgantara Indonesia), the same company which built the CN-235, the C-295's predecessor.[42] The first two aircraft were delivered in September 2012.[43][44] The C-295s replaced the older Fokker F27s.
 Ireland
  • The Irish Air Corps ordered two C295 Maritime Patrol Aircraft in December 2019 to replace their CN-235 aircraft.[45]
 Ivory Coast
  • The Air Force of Ivory Coast ordered a C-295 from Airbus Defence and Space on 21 January 2019.[46]
 Jordan
 Kazakhstan
  • The Kazakh Air Force operates eight C-295. In March 2019, Kazakhstan awarded Airbus a contract to produce a ninth C-295 for the Kazakh Air Force.[47]
 Mali
  • Air Force of Mali – one C-295W ordered in February 2016, delivered in December 2016.[48][49]
 Mexico
  • The Mexican Air Force operates eight C-295Ms. They operate in the 301st Squadron, based in Santa Lucia AFB.
  • The Mexican Navy operates four C-295Ms & two C-295Ws. They are based at the Tapachula Air Naval Base.
 Oman
 Philippines
  • The Philippine Air Force ordered three units of C-295M as of April 2014 and the first unit arrived on 22 March 2015.[29][50] All three are in service as of 22 January 2016.[51] On 16 October 2018, a Notice of Award was issued in favor of Airbus for the procurement of one unit of a C-295-based command-and-control fixed-wing turboprop aircraft with a contract price of PHP1.8 billion.[52]
 Poland
  • The Polish Air Force has received 17 C-295 that replaced their Antonov An-26s. One aircraft crashed on 23 January 2008, the other 16 are in service at Kraków-Balice Air Base. Poland was the first foreign customer, ordering eight planes in 2001, two each in 2006 and 2007, with delivery from 2003 to 2008.[53] In June 2012, another five aircraft were ordered,[54] two delivered in October 2012, third in December 2012, and final two units on 2 November 2013.[55]
 Portugal
 Saudi Arabia
 Spain
 Thailand
 United Arab Emirates
 Uzbekistan
 Vietnam

Incidents
  • Mirosławiec air accident: on 23 January 2008, a Polish Air Force C-295 flying from Warsaw via Powidz and Krzesiny to Mirosławiec crashed during its approach to the 12th Air Base near Mirosławiec.[63] All 20 people on board were killed in the accident.[64] All Polish C-295s were grounded after the incident.[65] Polish defence minister Bogdan Klich dismissed five air force personnel after the accident investigation, which concluded that multiple failings contributed to 23 January crash.[66]
  • On 31 October 2011, the Czech Army grounded its fleet of four C-295Ms due to an in-flight equipment failure onboard one aircraft. While landing, one of its two engines had stopped working, prior to this, a cockpit display and other equipment had also failed; the plane landed safely on its remaining engine. General Vlastimil Picek ordered the grounding of all aircraft until an inquiry ended. The fleet was previously grounded in February 2011, following a severe drop in altitude in mid-flight, and again in May due to avionics problems.[67]
  • On 9 November 2012, an Algerian Air Force C-295 crashed in the Lozère region of southern France while flying from Paris to Algeria with the loss of all six people on board.[68]

Specifications (C-295M)
EADS CASA C-295
Cargo cabin transporting a Polish military Honker light vehicle

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2004-05[69]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 73 troops / 48 paratroops / 12 stretcher intensive care medevac / 27 stretcher medevac with 4 medical attendants
  • Maximum payload: 7,050 kg (15,543 lb) normal
9,250 kg (20,393 lb) overload
  • Length: 24.46 m (80 ft 3 in)
  • Wingspan: 25.81 m (84 ft 8 in)
  • Height: 8.66 m (28 ft 5 in)
  • Wing area: 59 m2 (640 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: NACA 65-218[70]
  • Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,297 lb) normal
23,200 kg (51,147 lb) overload
  • Maximum landing weight: 20,700 kg (45,636 lb) normal
23,200 kg (51,147 lb) overload
  • Maximum zero-fuel weight: 18,500 kg (40,786 lb) normal
20,700 kg (45,636 lb) overload
  • Fuel capacity: 7,650 l (2,020 US gal; 1,680 imp gal) with optional in-flight refuelling probe
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines, 1,972 kW (2,644 hp) each for take-off (normal)
2,177 kW (2,919 hp) with APR
  • Propellers: 6-bladed Hamilton Sundstrand HS-586F-5, 3.94 m (12 ft 11 in) diameter composite propellers with auto-feathering and synchro-phasing

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 482 km/h (300 mph, 260 kn) at optimum altitude
  • Range: 1,555 km (966 mi, 840 nmi) normal payload, ISA, 45 minutes reserve at 460 m (1,509 ft)
1,277 km (793 mi; 690 nmi) max overload payload
4,587 km (2,850 mi; 2,477 nmi) normal MTOW, max fuel with 2,940 kg (6,482 lb) payload
2,148 km (1,335 mi; 1,160 nmi) overload MTOW, max fuel with 8,000 kg (17,637 lb) payload
  • Ferry range: 5,000 km (3,100 mi, 2,700 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 4,125 m (13,533 ft) on one engine
  • Absolute ceiling: 9,145 m (30,003 ft)
  • g limits: +2.53 (normal MTOW)
+2.25 (overload MTOW)
  • Time to altitude: to optimum cruising altitude 12 minutes
  • Power/mass: 0.188 kW/kg (0.114 hp/lb) normal
0.17 kW/kg (0.10 hp/lb) overload
  • Take-off run: 844 m (2,769 ft) Sea level, ISA
934 m (3,064 ft) Sea level, ISA + 20
  • Take-off distance to 15 m (49 ft): 1,025 m (3,363 ft) Sea level, ISA
1,103 m (3,619 ft) Sea level, ISA + 20
  • Landing run: 420 m (1,378 ft)
  • Landing distance from 15 m (49 ft): 729 m (2,392 ft)

Armament

  • Hardpoints: 6 (optional: three under each wing) with a capacity of inboard pylons 800 kg (1,764 lb); centre pylons 500 kg (1,102 lb); outboard pylons 300 kg (661 lb),

Avionics
Honeywell RDR-1400C weather radar

  • IFR instrumentation, comms and FMS as specified by customers
gollark: I... see.
gollark: How do you actually make a list? Is it just detecting the *end* of a list via `cur && cur->next`?
gollark: This is a complete `ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1051E SATA 6Gb/s bridge, ASM1053E SATA 6Gb/s bridge, ASM1153 SATA 3Gb/s bridge, ASM1153E SATA 6Gb/s bridge`.
gollark: Wait, why `rm` instead of `pop`?
gollark: Wonderful.

See also

Related development

  • CASA CN-235

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

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Further reading
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