CASA/IPTN CN-235

The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engined transport aircraft that was jointly developed by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain and Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport. Its largest user is Turkey, which has 59 aircraft.[5]

CN-235
A CASA CN-235 of the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society
Role Transport aircraft/maritime patrol aircraft
National origin Spain and Indonesia
Manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
IPTN
First flight 11 November 1983
Introduction 1 March 1988
Status Active service
Primary users Turkish Air Force
French Air Force
Irish Air Corps
Royal Malaysian Air Force
Produced 1983–present[1]
Number built 284[2] (+ > 57 IPTN)[3]
Unit cost
$ 34 million [4]
Variants EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry
Developed into Airbus C-295
Indonesian Aerospace N-245

Design and development

The project was a joint venture between Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Indonesian Aerospace (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia), formerly known as IPTN, which formed Airtech International to manage the programme. The partnership applied only to the Series 10 and Series 100/110, with later versions being developed independently. Over 230 of all versions of CN-235 are in service and have accumulated more than 500,000 flight hours.

Design began in January 1980 with the first flight on 11 November 1983. Spanish and Indonesian certification was on 20 June 1986; the first flight of the production aircraft was on 19 August 1986 and CASA's FAA type approval was granted on 3 December 1986. The aircraft entered service on 1 March 1988

In 1994 the Irish Air Corps took delivery of two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft having used one on loan from CASA from 1992 while their own aircraft were being built.

In 1995, CASA launched development of a stretched CN-235 as the C-295. In December 2002, the Colombian Navy ordered two CN-235 for patrol and anti-drug trafficking missions.

In April 2005, Venezuela ordered two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft plus 10 transport planes but the operation was halted because the United States government refused to allow the transfer of what they deemed to be US technology in the avionics.[6]

In January 2006, Thailand placed an order with Indonesian Aerospace for ten aircraft, six for the Ministry of Defence and four for the Ministry of Agriculture.

In December 2007, Spain ordered two CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft for the Guardia Civil, for delivery 2008–2009.

One CN-235 MPA aircraft was delivered by Indonesian Aerospace to the Indonesian defence ministry in June 2008.

Royal Malaysian Air Force

In August 2006, three CASA CN-235-10 aircraft remained in airline service, in Africa, with Safair (two) and Tiko Air (one).[7] Asian Spirit operated a lone CN-235-220 in the Philippines, correct as of June/July 2007.

In early July 2008, the Mexican Navy announced that it would purchase six CASA CN-235s from Spain.[8] In April 2010, Hervé Morin, French Minister of Defence, announced the order of eight CN-235-300s from Spain.[9]

In 2011, Indonesian Aerospace was still working on 4 CN-235-110 MPAs for South Korea Coast Guard with amount of $96 million.[10]

The Senegalese Air Force acquired two CN-235s in 2010 and August 2012 under a $13 million contract. They plan to buy two more aircraft for VIP and cargo duties. The Air Force is also interested in the maritime patrol version of the aircraft.[11]

Commercial airliner
Merpati Nusantara's CN-235 in Indonesia

Although the CN-235 was initially designed as a military transport, it was also offered as a commercial airliner. However, it did not achieve much success in this role compared to competing 50-seat commuter aircraft such as the ATR 42 and De Havilland Canada DHC-8.[12] Iberia LAE, Spain's flag carrier, bought four CN-235s from CASA for regional routes, and in 1992 Aerolíneas Argentinas (then also a subsidiary of Iberia) ordered two aircraft to be operated by its subsidiary, Austral.

In 2015, Indonesian Aerospace announced that they are currently planning a new variant of CN-235 called N-245 that will be designed specially for civil operation and able to carry up to 60 passengers. Previously also known as CN-235NG, this variant planned to be fully launched after Indonesian Aerospace N-219 project is done and expected to be fully certified in 2019. Further planned development is N-270, a stretched version of N-245 that able to carry up to 70–90 passengers and planned to be developed between 2019–2024.[13]

Variants
CN-235-200M of the Royal Thai Police
A CASA CN-235 of the Spanish Air Force
CN-235-10
Initial production version (15 built by each company), with GE CT7-7A engines.
CN-235-100/110
Generally as series 10, but with GE CT7-9C engines in new composites nacelles; replaced Series 10 in 1988 from 31st production aircraft. Series 100 is Spanish-built, series 110 Indonesian-built, with improved electrical, warning and environmental systems.
CN-235-200/220
Improved version. Structural reinforcements to cater for higher operating weights, aerodynamic improvements to wing leading-edges and rudder, reduced field length requirements and much-increased range with maximum payload. Series 200 is Spanish-built, Series 220 Indonesian-built. Series 220 still in production.
CN-235-300
CASA Modification of 200/220 series, with the Honeywell International Corp. avionics suite. Other features include improved pressurization and provision for optional twin-nosewheel installation.
CN-235-330 Phoenix
Modification of Series 200/220, offered by IPTN with new Honeywell avionics, ARL-2002 EW system and 16.800 kg/37.037 lb MTOW, to Royal Australian Air Force to meet Project Air 5190 tactical airlift requirement, but was forced by financial constraints to withdraw in 1998.[14]
CN-235 MPA
A CASA CN-235 MPA of the Indonesian Air Force

Maritime patrol version with 6 hardpoints to carry AM-39 Exocet-Missiles or Mk.46-Torpedoes.[15]

HC-144 Ocean Sentry
United States Coast Guard designation for a planned twenty-two[16] aircraft fleet bought to replace the small HU-25 Guardian business-style jets. As of 2019, eighteen had been delivered.
AC-235
A light gunship[17] modified with integrated weapons pylons to carry AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and 70MM rockets, has a side-mounted 30mm cannon, and a Synthetic aperture radar. The collaborative effort was made by King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau of Jordan, and the U.S. Defense company Orbital ATK[18][19]

Operators

Military operators
CN-235 world operators:
  Military operators
  Only government operators
  Former operators
 Azerbaijan
  • Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force operates four CN-235.[20]
 Botswana
 Brunei
 Burkina Faso
  • The Military of Burkina Faso operates one CN-235.[22]
 Cameroon
 Chile
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 France
 Gabon
 Indonesia
 Ireland
  • The Irish Air Corps operates 2 CN235-100 employed as maritime patrol aircraft. Delivery took place in 1994[30]
 Jordan
 Madagascar
  • The Madagascar People’s Armed Forces received a single CN-235 (formerly operated by the Botswana Defence Force) in June 2019.[33]
 Malaysia
 Mexico
 Mauritania
A RMAF's CN-235-100M
 Morocco
  • The Moroccan Air Force operates five aircraft.[5][35]
   Nepal
  • The Nepalese Army's Aviation Brigade signed a deal on 16 June 2017 to purchase its very first CN235-220, and began negotiations in February 2018 to purchase a second from Indonesian Aerospace.[39][40]
 Pakistan
 Papua New Guinea
 South Korea
 Senegal
 Spain
 Thailand
 Saudi Arabia
 Turkey
CASA-IPTN CN235 Turkish Coast Guard
 United Arab Emirates
  • The Military of the United Arab Emirates operates six aircraft.[5]
US Air Force CN-235-100M QC
 United States

Former Military operators
 Austria
 Bophuthatswana
 Panama
  • Panamanian Air Force/National Air Service (Until 1995)[43]
 South Africa
 Yemen
  • Yemen Air Force [51] (1x CN-235-300) The only aircraft of the type, registration number 2211, factory number 168988, serial number 188, was destroyed in a Saudi airstrike on March 25, 2015.[52]

Government and paramilitary operators
A CASA CN-235-300 MPA of the Spanish Maritime Safety Agency
 Oman
 Spain
  • Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima (Spanish Maritime Safety Agency) (3 X CN-235 MPA)
 Mexico
 Thailand

Civil operators
Binter Mediterraneo CN-235
Presidential Airways CN-235, formerly belonging to Binter Mediterráneo
 Argentina
 Indonesia
 Madagascar
 Namibia
 Spain
 South Africa
 United States
  • Prescott Support Company Inc, operating two CASA CN-235
  • Flight International and Flight Turbo AC with one each
  • L-3 Communication Systems acquired two aircraft.
  • Presidential Airways, Operates one former Binter Canarias.
 Venezuela
  • Air Venezuela had 2 (1999–2001)

Notable accidents

On 18 Oct 1992, Merpati Nusantara Airlines (Registration PK-MNN) CN-235-10 Flight 5601 crashed on Garut, Indonesia, killing all 31 people on board [54]

On 19 January 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 training mission crashed near Kayseri after entering a spin from which recovery was not possible, killing all 3 people on board[55][56]

On 16 May 2001, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control, killing all 34 people on board.[56][57]

On 18 May 2001, a Turkish Navy CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control after reaching an altitude of just 100 feet, killing all 4 people on board.[56][58]

On 29 August 2001, Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed at Málaga, Spain, killing four of the 44 passengers and crew aboard.[59] The aircraft was scrapped.[60]

On 11 Feb 2013 a CN-235 crashed into a forest 45 km south of Monrovia, Liberia, 8 km to Roberts International Airport, killing 11 people amongst them Souleymane Kelefa Diallo, Guinea army chief.[61][62][63]

On 1 Aug 2015 a CN-235-200M operated by the Colombian Air Force crashed in Cesar province, Colombia due to engine failure, killing 11 people.[64]

On 26 February 2016, a CN-235 operated by the Royal Malaysian Air Force crashed in a swamp in Kuala Selangor with no casualties.[65] However, a local fisherman drowned during the rescue.

On 17 January 2018, a Turkish Air Force CN-235 on a training mission crashed with two pilots and a technician on board near Isparta. All on board were killed.

Aircraft on display

Specifications (CN235)

Data from Airbus Military[67]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two, pilot and co-pilot
  • Capacity: 51 passengers, 35 paratroops, 18 stretchers or four HCU-6/E pallets including one on the ramp and 6,000 kg (13,100 lb)
  • Length: 21.40 m (70 ft 2.5 in)
  • Wingspan: 25.81 m (84 ft 8 in)
  • Height: 8.18 m (26 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 59.10 m2 (636.1 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 11.27:1
  • Airfoil: NACA 653-218
  • Empty weight: 9,800 kg (21,605 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 16,100 kg (35,420 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric CT7-9C3 turboprops, 1,305 kW (1,750 hp) each (take-off)

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 450 km/h (286 mph, 248 kn) at 4,575 m (15,000 ft)
  • Stall speed: 156 km/h (97 mph, 84 kn) (flaps down)
  • Range: 4,355 km (2,706 mi, 2,350 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,620 m (25,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 7.8 m/s (1,780 ft/min)
gollark: PotatOS is MIT-licensed and fully open-source!
gollark: Anyway, I would personally avoid any software with "no-copy" requirements.
gollark: Information is non-rivalrous, to be fancy and economicsy.
gollark: It's one of these things with "piracy" not really being stealing exactly.
gollark: Ask the admins to, if you have proof of them agreeing.

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References
Notes
  1. Liputan6.com (2017-01-08). "Pesawat CN-235 Buatan Indonesia Pesanan Senegal Tiba di Dakar". Archived from the original on 2017-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
  2. Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide Archived 2018-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, Airbus Defence & Space (30 November 2017)
  3. Indonesia-Air Force Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, Andrew Hunt, Airliners.net (Demand Media, Inc.)
  4. "CN-235". Deagel.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  5. "Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide" (PDF). Airbus Space and Defence. Airbus Space and Defence. 31 August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  6. "Venezuela Buys Military Equipment". 28 November 2005. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  7. Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2008-07-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. "Francia compra a EADS ocho aviones CN-135-300 por 250 millones de euros". Libertad Digital. 2010-04-04. Archived from the original on 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  10. "RI seeks to exchange planes with South Korea". The Jakarta Post. 2011-05-20. Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  11. Senegal: MoD plans to acquire two additional CN235s, including MPA versions Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine – Dmilt.com, 30 August 2013
  12. "CASA/IPTN CN-235/C-295 - Archived 8/2007". forecastinternational.com. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  13. "RI Gencar Bikin Pesawat, Setelah N219 Ada N245 dan N270". finance.detik.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  14. "Mengenang CN-235 Phoenix Project-Australia". June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
  15. "CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft – Airforce Technology". Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  16. "USCG: Acquisition Programs & Projects". US Coast Guard. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  17. "AC-235 Light Gunship". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  18. "AC-235c Fact Sheet" (PDF). orbitalatk.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  19. "Jordan takes delivery of AC235 gunship". flightglobal.com. 2014-05-07. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  20. "Azərbaycan və Türkiyə Hərbi Hava Qüvvələrinin birgə təlimləri keçiriləcək". mod.gov.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  21. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 46.
  22. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 47.
  23. Hoyle, Craig (6 June 2012). "Cameroon signs deal for CN235 transport". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  24. "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – Press Center". Airbus Military. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  25. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 48.
  26. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.
  27. "CASA/IPTN CN-235/C-295 - Archived 8/2007". Forecast International. July 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  28. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 50.
  29. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 52.
  30. "CASA CN235". Defence Forces Ireland. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-24. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  31. "Announcement of sale of CN-235 aircraft" (in Arabic). Royal Jordanian Air Force. 24 December 2018. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  32. Donald, David (5 January 2019). "Gunships for Sale as Part of Mass Jordanian Sell-off". Aviation International News. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  33. Martin, Guy (September 2019). "Madagascar's military receives more aircraft". Air International. Vol. 97 no. 3. p. 9. ISSN 0306-5634.
  34. "RMAF CN235 Ditched, Crew Survived - Malaysian Defence". www.malaysiandefence.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  35. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 55.
  36. "Defence Security Report". Janes.com. 2008-12-03. Archived from the original on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  37. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2009-06-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. Binnie, Jeremy (23 May 2019). "Mauritania receives CN-235 transport aircraft from UAE". Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  39. "Nepalese Army buying Military Transport aircraft from Indonesia, can "even" carry "a small vehicle" - southasia.com.au". 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  40. Rahmat, Ridzwan (7 February 2018). "Singapore Airshow 2018: Nepal begins negotiations for second CN-235 with PT Dirgantara". IHS Jane's 360. Singapore. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  41. John Pike. "Pakistan Air Force Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  42. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.
  43. Jackson 2003, p. 207.
  44. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 59.
  45. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2017-10-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.
  47. "Saudi Arabia orders four Airbus C295W military aircraft". 16 June 2015.
  48. "Turkish Army Current Order of Battle". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  49. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 61.
  50. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 63.
  51. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 64.
  52. Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  53. "Mexican Police Aviation". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
  54. Harro Ranter (18 October 1992). "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 PK-MNN Garut". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  55. "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 097 Kayseri". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  56. "Military cargo plane crashes, four die". Hürriyet Daily News. 2001-05-19. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  57. "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 086 Malatya". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  58. "ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235MP-100M TCSG-552 Ankara-Etimesgut AFB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  59. "Aircraft accidents photos – Binter Mediterraneo – Malaga, Spain – CASA 235-200". 1001 Crash. 2001-08-29. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  60. Harro Ranter (29 August 2001). "ASN Aircraft accident CASA CN-235-200 EC-FBC Málaga Airport (AGP)". Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  61. "Guinea military head killed in Liberia plane crash". BBC News. 2013-02-11. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  62. "Guinean Army Chief, Several Killed...Pres. Sirleaf Declares Day Of Mourning; Defense Cancels Recepti". 2013-02-12. Archived from the original on 2013-04-13. Retrieved 2013-02-14.
  63. "Guinea army chief dies in Liberia air crash". 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2013-02-14.
  64. "Airbus CN235 military transport crashes in Colombia, killing 11". Flightglobal. August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  65. Cheng, Nicholas; Mutiah, Wani. "RMAF plane crashes in Kuala Selangor, rescuer believed drowned – Nation – The Star Online". Archived from the original on 2016-02-28. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  66. "The SAAF Forum". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  67. "Military Aircraft Airbus DS – CN235". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
Bibliography
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182 No. 5370. 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64.
  • Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsden, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
  • Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsden, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.