Antonov An-32

The Antonov An-32 (NATO reporting name: Cline) is a turboprop twin-engined military transport aircraft.

An-32
An-32 of AirMark
Role Military transport aircraft
National origin Soviet Union/Ukraine
Manufacturer Aviant
Design group Antonov
First flight 9 July 1976[1]
Status Operational
Primary users Indian Air Force
National Air Force of Angola
Sri Lanka Air Force
Ukrainian Air Force
Produced 1982–present
Number built 373[2]
Unit cost
US$ 15 million[3]
Developed from Antonov An-26
Developed into Antonov/Taqnia An-132

Design and development

The An-32 is essentially a re-engined An-26. It is designed to withstand adverse weather conditions better than the standard An-26. Announced at the May 1977 Paris Air Show, the An-32 is distinguished from its predecessor by engines raised 1.5 m above the wing in order to avoid foreign object damage on rough, unprepared air strips.

The type features high-lift wings with automatic leading-edge slats, large triple-slotted trailing edge flaps and an enlarged tailplane and a very large increase in power, giving improved take-off performance and service ceiling. The high placement of the engine nacelles above the wing allowed for larger diameter propellers, which are driven by 5,100 hp rated Ivchenko AI-20 turboprop engines, providing almost twice the power of the An-26's AI-24 powerplants.[4][3]

Production from the Government Aircraft Factory in Kiev, has included 123 aircraft for the Indian Air Force, which ordered the aircraft under strong foreign relations between then USSR leader Leonid Brezhnev and then India leader Indira Gandhi.[4][3]

The majority of production has been for the Russian and Ukrainian Air Forces, with around 40 per year being built during the late 1980s to early 1990s.[4] The estimated price for a modernised An-32 version is 15 million US dollars.[3]

Production data
Production[2]
Total1976198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996200520072008201020112012
37311529312654284811494710485214135

Operational history

The An-32 has excellent takeoff characteristics in hot and high conditions, up to 55 °C (131 °F; 328 K) and 4,500 m (14,800 ft) elevation, is suitable for use as a medium tactical military transport roles as well as commercial roles. Operating as a cargo transport over the short and medium range air routes, the An-32 is suitable for air-dropping cargo, passenger carrying, medevac, firefighting, skydiving or paratrooping roles.

Variants
A State Emergency Service of Ukraine An-32 firefighting aircraft dumps water on a forest fire.
  • An-32 : Twin-engined transport aircraft
  • An-32A : The first civil variant, the majority of the 36 aircraft built were delivered to various government factory enterprises, for use in transporting assemblies between plants.
  • An-32B : Improved version
  • An-32B-100 : Modernised version of the An-32B. Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) increased to 28.5 tons, payload increased to 7.5 tons.[5]
  • An-32B-110 : New avionics allowing aircraft to be operated by two crew members. Metric (Russian) avionics variant.[6]
  • An-32B-120 : Imperial (non-Russian) avionics variant of An-32B-110.[6]
  • An-32B-300 : Version fitted with Rolls-Royce AE 2100 turboprop engines, providing 4,600 hp each.[7]
  • An-32LL (Letayushchaya Laboratoriya flying laboratory): The An-32 first prototype was equipped with a large SV-36P eight-bladed propeller and D-236 engine on the port side for testing, in place of the standard engine and propeller. The increased noise produced by the experimental installation (115-120 dB) outweighed the modest gains in performance.[8]
  • An-32MP : Marine Patrol version.[9]
  • An-32P Firekiller : Aerial firefighting version. Special category type certificate granted on 10 March 1995. A total of eight tons of liquid can be discharged from the two external tanks simultaneously or one after the other. Drops are conducted at 40–50 m above ground level and 240 to 260 km/h. Can be used as a cargo aircraft when not fighting fires.[9]
  • An-32V-200 : A tactical transport/cargo aircraft outgrowth from the An-32B-100, with more modern avionics allowing two crew operation. Intended for export; despite reasonable interest few have been sold.
  • An-32 RE : Modernised version of the An-32B. MTOW increased to 28.5 tons, payload increased to 7.5 tons.[5] New avionics.

Operators
Antonov An-32B of the Indian Air Force at Leh Airbase.
Sri Lanka Air Force Antonov An-32B.
Sun Air Charter An-32 at Lokichogio Airport.
Antonov An-32B of the Croatian Air Force.
Bangladesh Air Force Antonov An-32.
Mexican Navy Antonov An-32B taking off at Kyiv International Airport.

Military operators

Besides aircraft in service in the Ukrainian and Russian Air Forces, more than 240 An-32 aircraft are being operated in various countries around the world.

Angola
  • People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola[10] Operates seven An-32.
Bangladesh
Colombia
  • Colombian Army: Two An-32[12]
India
  • Indian Air Force: Bought 125 aircraft, 105 are still in service. Entire fleet is undergoing modernization; 35 upgraded An-32s have been delivered by Ukrspetsexport.[13] The upgrades include modern avionics equipment, new oxygen systems and improved crew seats. The remaining aircraft are being upgraded in India.
Iraq
Mexico
Peru
Sri Lanka
Sudan

Former military operators
An Antonov An-32 of the Afghan Air Force
Afghanistan
Armenia
Croatia
  • Croatian Air Force: Operated two An-32B's.[12] Modernized in 2004 and subsequently retired and put up for sale in 2014 after being declared redundant.
Côte d'Ivoire
  • Military of Ivory Coast one An-32
Equatorial Guinea
  • Air Force of Equatorial Guinea[20] One An-32 lost in crash in 2008.[21]
Ethiopia
Jordan
  • Jordanian Air Force
Libya
  • Libyan Air Force
Mongolia
Rwanda
  • Military of Rwanda
Tanzania

Civil operators

In July 2016, a total of 25 Antonov An-32 aircraft remained in airline service. The largest operator was Aero Transporte S.A (ATSA) of Peru with four aircraft. Some 16 other airlines operated smaller numbers of the type.[22][23]

Accidents and incidents
  • On 25 March 1986, an Indian Air Force An-32 disappeared over the Arabian Sea on a delivery flight from the Soviet Union (via Muscat, Oman.) No trace was ever found of the aircraft or its three crew and four passengers.[24]
  • On 15 July 1990, an Indian Air Force An-32 crashed in the Ponmudi Mountain Range while en route from Tambaram Air Force Station to Thiruvananthapuram in India.[25]
  • On 22 November 1995, a Sri Lankan Air Force An-32B which chartered from the Kazakh was shot down during a landing in Jaffna, and all 63 troops aboard killed.
  • On 8 January 1996, an An-32 freighter crashed into a crowded marketplace in Kinshasa, Zaire, resulting in the deaths of approximately 237 people on the ground. The crew attempted to abort the takeoff at Kinshasa-N'Dolo Airport after the aircraft failed to gain height. Four of the six crew members survived. Overloading was cited as a possible cause.[26]
  • On 28 March 1998, a Peruvian Air Force An-32 carrying the dual civil/military registration OB-1389/FAP-388 and inbound from Tumbes evacuating 50 people stranded by El Niño-driven floods had an engine failure while approaching Piura. As the aircraft was overloaded, the pilot could not maintain height and the An-32 struck three houses of a nearby shantytown and crashed into a canal. While the crew of five survived, 21 passengers died plus one person on the ground.[27]
  • On 26 August 2007, a Great Lakes Business Company An-32B carrying nine tons of minerals, 12 passengers, and a crew of three experienced engine trouble after takeoff from Kongolo Airport, Kongolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and crashed short of the runway while attempting to return to the airport, killing 14 of the 15 people on board.[28]
  • On 10 June 2009, an Indian Air Force An-32 carrying 13 people crashed shortly after it took off from Mechuka in Arunachal Pradesh, a state bordering China.[29] All 13 people on board were reported to have been killed. Soon after the crash, India agreed a $US400 million deal with Ukraine for an An-32 fleet upgrade. This upgrade as reported will extend the life of these transport aircraft by nearly 15 years.[30]
  • On 12 December 2014, a Sri Lanka Air Force An-32 carrying five people crashed on approach to land at Rathmalana Airport after taking off from Katunayaka Bandaranayake International Airport. The pilot, co-pilot and two of the aircrew were killed in the crash and the fifth crew member suffered critical injuries and died after six days from the accident due to his injuries.[31][32]
  • On 22 July 2016, an Indian Air Force An-32 travelling from Chennai to Port Blair went missing above the Bay of Bengal with 29 people on board. It left the Tambaram Air Base near Chennai at 8.30 am and disappeared from radar tracking at 9.12 am, 280 km east of Chennai.[33]
  • On 3 October 2018 a Sudan Air Force An-32 collided with an Antonov An-30 (also of the Sudan Air Force) at Khartoum International Airport.[34]
  • On 3 June, 2019, an Indian Air Force An-32 went missing near Arunachal Pradesh shortly after taking off from Jorhat Air Base in Assam in northeastern India. The wreckage of the aircraft was found in Arunachal Pradesh eight days later with 13 found dead on board.[35][36]

Specifications (An-32)
Orthographic projection of the Antonov An-32.

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[37]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 4
  • Capacity: 42 paratroopers/50 passengers/24 Casualties on stretcher with three medical personnel / 6,700 kg (14,771 lb) max payload
  • Length: 23.78 m (78 ft 0 in)
  • Wingspan: 29.2 m (95 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 8.75 m (28 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 75 m2 (810 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 16,800 kg (37,038 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 27,000 kg (59,525 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × ZMKB Progress AI-20DM turboprop engines, 3,812 kW (5,112 hp) each
  • Propellers: 4-bladed constant speed propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 530 km/h (330 mph, 290 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 470 km/h (290 mph, 250 kn)
  • Range: 2,500 km (1,600 mi, 1,300 nmi) with 3,700 kg (8,160 lb) payload, no reserves
  • Service ceiling: 9,500 m (31,200 ft)
gollark: Civilization. Simulation. Is. Very. Hard.
gollark: Other games have pesky stuff like "actual gameplay" getting in the way of balance.
gollark: IncDec is the most balanced game ever, really.
gollark: The simulation logic is still *incredibly hard* for stuff like that.
gollark: That sounds hard.

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References
  1. Karnozov, Vovick. "Renewed AN-32 in Flight Tests." AeroWorldNet, 16 October 2000. Archived May 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  2. "реестр самолётов типа Антонов Ан-32". russianplanes.net. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10.
  3. Antonov An-32. "Ан нет, Ан есть. Украина «нашла» потерянные индийские Ан-32." http://warfiles.ru/, 20 April 2015.
  4. Allport, Dave (April 1996). "Military Transport Aircraft Directory (Part 2)". Air International. Vol. 50 no. 4. p. 239.
  5. "An-32."Archived September 6, 2005, at the Wayback Machine Antonov.com. Retrieved: 12 November 2011.
  6. "Kiev Aviation Plant: 'Aviant' Аn-32B–110/120." Archived 2008-08-08 at the Wayback Machine aviant.ua. Retrieved: 12 November 2011.
  7. "Kiev Aviation Plant: 'Aviant' – An-32B-300." Archived 2009-02-20 at the Wayback Machine aviant.ua. Retrieved: 12 November 2011.
  8. "AKL-201603 AviaKollektsia 3 2016: Antonov An-32 Cline Twin-Engined Turboprop Military Transport Aircraft". modelgrad.com. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
  9. "An-32P."Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Antonov.com. Retrieved: 12 November 2011.
  10. Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 32.
  11. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 46.
  12. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.
  13. "IAF awaits 'safe' return of last batch of AN-32 fleet". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  14. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 52.
  15. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 55.
  16. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.
  17. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.
  18. "Aerospace Source Book 2007," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 15 January 2007.
  19. Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment, 2001
  20. Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 50.
  21. "Accident of an Antonov 32 operated by Equatorial Guinea National Guard - Annobón, Equatorial Guinea". 1001crash.com.
  22. Thisdell and Farfard Flight International 9–15 August 2016, pp. 28–29.
  23. https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/an32-transport/
  24. "ASN Aircraft accident: Antonov 32 K2729 Jamnagar, India." Aviation Safety Network, 2004. Retrieved: 27 June 2011.
  25. "ASN Aircraft accident: Antonov 32 K2705 Ponmudi, India." Aviation Safety Network, Retrieved: 23 July 2016.
  26. "ASN Aircraft accident: Antonov 32B." Aviation Safety Network, 2004. Retrieved: 27 June 2011.
  27. Glave, Fernando Braschi. "Photo of Antonov 32 OB-1389." Aviation Safety Network, 2004. Retrieved: 17 November 2012.
  28. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 32B 9Q-CAC Kongolo Airport (KOO)". aviation-safety.net. 26 August 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  29. "IAF plane crash over Arunachal Pradesh." telegraphindia.com. Retrieved: 29 June 2011.
  30. "India inks AN-32 upgrade deal with Ukraine." Times of India. Retrieved: 29 June 2011.
  31. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 32B SCM-864 Hokandara". aviation-safety.net. 12 December 2014.
  32. "Plane crash in Athurugiriya". Daily Mirror. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  33. "Fears Grow As Indian Air Force AN-32 Remains Untraceable". NDTV.com.
  34. "BREAKING Two Antonov aircraft have collided on the ground at Khartoum Airport, Sudan". Airlive Contributors. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  35. "All 13 bodies, black box of AN-32 aircraft retrieved - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
  36. "Missing An-32 Jet Found in Arunachal Pradesh, 13 personnel of IAF feared killed". India Today. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
  37. Taylor 1988, pp. 222–225.

Bibliography
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182 No. 5370. 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 184 No. 5419. 10–16 December 2013. pp. 24–51. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 188 No. 5517. 8–14 December 2015. pp. 26–53. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Taylor, John, W.R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89. London: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
  • Thisdell, Dan and Fafard, Antoine. "World Airliner Census". Flight International, Volume 190, No. 5550, 9–15 August 2016. pp. 20–43. ISSN 0015-3710
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