Donald Watson

Donald Watson (2 September 1910 – 16 November 2005) was an English animal rights advocate who founded the Vegan Society.

This article is about the English animal rights advocate. For other uses, see Donald Watson (disambiguation).
Donald Watson
Donald Watson reading the first issue of The Vegan
Born(1910-09-02)2 September 1910
Mexborough, Yorkshire, UK
Died16 November 2005(2005-11-16) (aged 95)
Keswick, Cumbria, UK
OccupationWoodwork teacher[1]
Known forFounder of the Vegan Society

Early life

Watson was born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, the son of a headmaster in a mining community.[1] As a child, Watson spent time on his Uncle George's farm. The slaughtering of a pig on the farm horrified Watson; he said his view of farm life changed from idyllic to a death row for animals. Watson began to reassess his practice of eating meat. He became a vegetarian in 1924 at the age of fourteen, making a New Year's resolution to never again eat meat. He gave up dairy products about 18 years later, having understood the production of milk-related products was also unethical.[1][2][3]

He said:

I was surrounded by interesting animals. They all "gave" something: the farm horse pulled the plough, the lighter horse pulled the trap, the cows "gave" milk, the hens "gave" eggs and the cockerel was a useful "alarm clock" - I didn't realise at that time that he had another function, too. The sheep "gave" wool. I could never understand what the pigs "gave", but they seemed such friendly creatures - always glad to see me.[4]

Teaching

Upon leaving school at fifteen, Watson was apprenticed to a family joinery firm, and from became a joinery teacher when he was twenty.[5] He taught in Leicester, where he also played a large part in the Leicester Vegetarian Society. He moved on to Keswick, where he taught for 23 years. He stayed in the Lake District for the rest of his life.[1] For several years, he devoted much time to working as a guided fell-walking leader,[6] as well as to organic vegetable gardening, until very shortly before his death in 2005.[5]

Veganism and the Vegan Society

As Watson grew up, he did not smoke, consume alcohol, or make contact with foods or substances which he regarded as toxins. In the 1940s, after learning about milk production; he became a vegan.[1] He explained his motivation as ethical concern for sentient animals:

We can see quite plainly that our present civilisation is built on the exploitation of animals, just as past civilisations were built on the exploitation of slaves, and we believe the spiritual destiny of man is such that in time he will view with abhorrence the idea that men once fed on the products of animals' bodies"[7]

Critics claimed that he could not survive on his proposed diet.[8] In November 1944, in Leicester, he and his wife, Dorothy, along with four friends - Elsie Shrigley, Mr G. A. Henderson and his wife Fay K. Henderson among them - founded The Vegan Society.[9] They separated from the London Vegetarian Society and founded The Vegan Society because the former group refused to support veganism, which they saw as extreme and antisocial.[10]:4 (However, Watson remained a member of the London Vegetarian Society to keep in touch with the movement.[11]) They had also decided they needed a word to describe their new way of life.[9] The word 'vegan' was coined by Donald Watson from the first three and last two letters of 'vegetarian' in 1944.[10]:4

Watson and The Vegan Society launched the first edition of the Society's quarterly newsletter, The Vegan News, in 1944.[1] He ran the publication single-handed for two years, writing and duplicating the newsletter, and responding to the increasing volume of correspondence.[9]

Watson expanded the vegan philosophy to object to any harm to living creatures. A committed pacifist throughout his life, Watson registered as a conscientious objector in World War II.[12]

Personal life

Watson enjoyed cycling, photography and playing the violin. While not a supporter of any particular political party, he took a keen interest in political issues throughout his life.[6][13] He was an agnostic.[9]

His brother and sister both adopted vegetarian lifestyles. All three Watson siblings registered as conscientious objectors during World War II.[1]

Commemoration

In November 2019, a blue plaque was unveiled in honour of Donald Watson at his former Doncaster Road School, in Mexborough, South Yorkshire. The plaque was organised by Mexborough and District Heritage Society, and unveiled by Watson's nephew Dr Tim Cook, in honour of the seventy fifth anniversary of the foundation of the Vegan Society.[14]

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References
  1. "Obituary: Donald Watson". BBC. November 18, 2005. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  2. Interview with Donald Watson FoodsforLife.org.uk
  3. Donald Watson The Guardian
  4. The Vegan Summer, 2003 Edition. Archived 2009-12-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  5. Davison, Phil (24 November 2005). "Donald Watson - Founder of veganism and the Vegan Society". Obituary. London: The Independent. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  6. Interview with Donald Watson at Vegparadise.com Accessed 2 Nov 2009
  7. Donald Watson in Vegan News Archived 2017-04-13 at the Wayback Machine nº1, November 1944.
  8. Elliott, Rose (14 January 2006). "Donald Watson - The first vegan, who outlived his many critics". Obituary. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  9. "Interview with Donald Watson - Vegan Founder". Foods for Life. December 15, 2002. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  10. Laura Wright (2015). The Vegan Studies Project: Food, Animals, and Gender in the Age of Terror. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4856-8.
  11. "Interview with Donald Watson- Vegan Founder". Foods for Life.
  12. Booth, Jenny (December 8, 2005). "Donald Watson". Obituary. London: TheTimes. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  13. George D Rodger’s Unabridged Interview With Donald Watson on Sunday 15 December 2002
  14. "Vegan Society founder honoured with blue plaque". 2019-11-09. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
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