Cyrtians

The Cyrtians or Kyrtians (gr. Κύρτιοι Kýrtioi, lat. Cyrtii) were an ancient tribe in historic Persia near Mount Zagros.[1] Based on their name,[1] it has been suggested that they may be ancestors of the Kurds.[2][3]

Part of a series on: Kurdish history and Kurdish culture

People List of Kurds
Population Homeland Kurdistan Turkey (Northern Kurdistan) Iran (Eastern Kurdistan) Iraq (Southern Kurdistan) Syria (Western Kurdistan) Diaspora Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Canada France Georgia Germany Greece Iraq Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Netherlands New Zealand Palestine Pakistan Russia Syria Sweden Turkmenistan Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States
History History of the Kurds
Culture Kurdish culture Clothing Cuisine Celebrations Dance Flag Historical sites Language Folklore Literature Music Kurdish philosophers
Ancient history Karduchian dynasties Corduene Zabdicene Cyrtians Moxoene Kayusids
Medieval history Shahrizor Sadakiyans Mir Jafar Dasni Aishanids Daisam Shaddadids Rawadids Hasanwayhids Annazids Marwanids Hadhabani Hazaraspids Ayyubids Zands Badlis Ardalan Badinan Soran Mokryan Baban
Modern history Kurdish rebellions during World War I Simko Shikak revolt Koçgiri Rebellion Ararat rebellion Dersim Rebellion Kingdom of Kurdistan Kurdish Republic of Ararat Republic of Mahabad Al-Anfal campaign Iraqi Kurdistan (KRG) Iranian Kurdistan Turkish Kurdistan Syrian Kurdistan
Languages Kurmanci Shabaki Sorani Zaza Laki Pehlewani Gorani
Religion Islam Christianity Judaism Shabakism Yarsanism Yazdânism Yazidism Zoroastrianism

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History of Iran

Mythological history

Ancient period

	BC
Prehistory of Iran	Ancient Times–4000
Kura–Araxes culture	3400–2000
Proto-Elamite	3200–2700
Jiroft culture	c. 3100 – c. 2200
Elam	2700–539
Akkadian Empire	2400–2150
Lullubi culture	c. 2300-700
Kassites	c. 1500 – c. 1155
Neo-Assyrian Empire	911–609
Urartu	860–590
Mannaeans	850–616

Imperial period

Median Empire	678–550 BC
(Scythian Kingdom)	652–625 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire	626 BC–539 BC
Achaemenid Empire	550–330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia	331 BC – 428 AD
Atropatene	320s BC – 3rd century AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia	320s BC – 17 AD
Seleucid Empire	312–63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	281–62 BC
Fratarakas	3rd-century–132 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC – 224 AD
Elymais	147 BC – 224 AD
Characene	141 BC – 222 AD
Kings of Persis	132 BC – 224 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	19 – 224/5
Sasanian Empire	224 – 651
Zarmihrids	6th century – 785
Qarinvandids	550s – 11th century

Medieval period

Rashidun Caliphate	632-661
Umayyad Caliphate	661–750
Abbasid Caliphate	750–1258
Dabuyids	642–760
Bavandids	651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand	651–760
Paduspanids	665–1598
Justanids	791 – 11th century
Alid dynasties	864 – 14th century
Tahirid dynasty	821–873
Samanid Empire	819–999
Saffarid dynasty	861–1003
Ghurid dynasty	pre-879 – 1215
Sajid dynasty	889–929
Sallarid dynasty	919–1062
Ziyarid dynasty	930–1090
Ilyasids	932–968
Buyid dynasty	934–1062
Ghaznavid dynasty	977–1186
Kakuyids	1008–1141
Nasrid dynasty	1029–1236
Shabankara	1030–1355
Seljuk Empire	1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty	1077–1231
Eldiguzids	1135–1225
Atabegs of Yazd	1141–1319
Salghurids	1148–1282
Hazaraspids	1155–1424
Pishkinid dynasty	1155–1231
Khorshidi dynasty	1184-1597
Qutlugh-Khanids	1223-1306
Mihrabanids	1236–1537
Kurt dynasty	1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire	1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty	1335–1357
Muzaffarid dynasty	1335–1393
Jalairid dynasty	1337–1376
Sarbadars	1337–1376
Injuids	1335–1357
Afrasiyab dynasty	1349–1504
Marashis	1359–1596
Timurid Empire	1370–1507
Karkiya dynasty	1370s–1592
Kara Koyunlu	1406–1468
Aq Qoyunlu	1468–1508

Early modern period

Safavid Iran	1501–1736
(Hotak dynasty)	1722–1729
Afsharid dynasty	1736–1796
Talysh Khanate	1747–1826
Zand dynasty	1751–1794
Qajar Iran	1789–1925

Modern period

Pahlavi dynasty	1925–1979
Iranian Revolution, Interim Government	1979
Islamic Republic	1979–present

Timeline

Iran portal

According to Rüdiger Schmitt,[4] a tribe dwelling mainly in the mountains of Atropatenian Media (Northern Zagros Mountains) together with the Cadusii, Amardi (or “Mardi”), Tapyri, and others (Strabo 11.13.3). Strabo characterized the Cyrtians living in Persia as migrants and predatory brigands.

In the Hellenistic period, they seem to have been in demand as slingers, for they fought as such for the Median satrap Molon in his revolt against King Antiochus III in 220 BC.[4]

The Cyrtians were not connected to the Carduchi (Cordyaei, Gordyaei, Karduchoi) and the like, who lived farther west.[4] According to Garnik Asatrian, Cyrtians were a collection of indigenous, non-Iranian tribes who only shared a nomadic lifestyle[5].

In popular culture

In the computer game Rome: Total Realism there are several Cyrtian unit types: Cyrtian slingers, Cyrtian swordsmen etc.

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References

G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp. 1–58, 2009: "Evidently, the most reasonable explanation of this ethnonym must be sought for in its possible connections with the Cyrtii (Cyrtaei) of the Classical authors."
"Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles". 2011-04-29. Archived from the original on 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2017-05-19.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
(Berlin), Brentjes, Burchard. "Kyrtioi". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Schmitt, Rüdiger. "CYRTIANS". Center for Iranian Studies, Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780199330799.

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