Cyril Norman Hinshelwood

Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood OM PRS[2] (19 June 1897 – 9 October 1967) was a British physical chemist and a Nobel Prize laureate.[4][5]

Sir Cyril Hinshelwood OM PRS
Born	Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1897-06-19)19 June 1897 London, England
Died	9 October 1967(1967-10-09) (aged 70) London, England
Alma mater	University of Oxford
Awards	Davy Medal (1942) Royal Medal (1947) Faraday Lectureship Prize (1953) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1956)[1] FRS (1929)[2][3]
Scientific career
Fields	Physical chemistry
Institutions	University of Oxford Imperial College London
Doctoral advisor	Harold Hartley
Doctoral students	Sydney Brenner Alan Eddy
Other notable students	Keith J. Laidler (postdoc)

Education

Born in London, his parents were Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, a chartered accountant, and Ethel Frances née Smith. He was educated first in Canada, returning in 1905 on the death of his father to a small flat in Chelsea where he lived for the rest of his life. He then studied at Westminster City School and Balliol College, Oxford.

Career

During the First World War, Hinshelwood was a chemist in an explosives factory. He was a tutor at Trinity College, Oxford from 1921 to 1937 and was Dr Lee's Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford from 1937. He served on several Advisory Councils on scientific matters to the British Government.

His early studies of molecular kinetics led to the publication of Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry and The Kinetics of Chemical Change in 1926. With Harold Warris Thompson he studied the explosive reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and described the phenomenon of chain reaction. His subsequent work on chemical changes in the bacterial cell proved to be of great importance in later research work on antibiotics and therapeutic agents, and his book, The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell was published in 1946, followed by Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells in 1966. In 1951 he published The Structure of Physical Chemistry. It was republished as an Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences by Oxford University Press in 2005.

The Langmuir-Hinshelwood process in heterogeneous catalysis, in which the adsorption of the reactants on the surface is the rate-limiting step, is named after him. He was a senior research fellow at Imperial College London from 1964 to 1967.

Awards and honours

Hinshelwood was elected Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1929,[2] serving as President from 1955 to 1960. He was knighted in 1948 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1960. With Nikolay Semenov of the USSR, Hinshelwood was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956 for his researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.

Hinshelwood was President of the Chemical Society, Royal Society,[2] Classical Association and Faraday Society, and gained many awards and honorary degrees.

Personal life

Hinshelwood never married. He was fluent in seven classical and modern languages and his main hobbies were painting, collecting Chinese pottery, and foreign literature.

He died, at home, on 9 October 1967. In 1968 his Nobel Prize medal was sold by his estate to a collector, who then sold it in 1976 for $15,000[6]. In 2017 his Nobel Prize medal was sold at auction for $128,000[7].

See also

• Balliol-Trinity Laboratories

References

1. Cyril Norman Hinshelwood on Nobelprize.org
2. Thompson, H. (1973). "Cyril Norman Hinshelwood 1897–1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 19: 375–431. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1973.0015. PMID 11615727.
3. Hinshelwood Archives at the Royal Society
4. Cullis, C. F. (1945). "Obituary: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Kt., O.M., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., 1897?1967". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): X001–X002. doi:10.1039/JR945000X001.
5. Rowlinson, J. S. (2004). "The wartime work of Hinshelwood and his colleagues". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 58 (2): 161–175. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0050. PMID 15209074.
6. "Nashua Telegraph". 8 March 1976. p. 20.
7. https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/house-home/collectors-corner/555021/scientists-prize-winning-work-revealed-rare-nobel-medal/

External links

• Cyril Norman Hinshelwood on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on December 11, 1956 Chemical Kinetics in the Past Few Decades