Cervinae

Cervinae; Temporal range: Late Miocene to recent
	Père David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Cervinae; Goldfuss, 1820
Genera
	Elaphodus; ; Muntiacus; ; Dama; ; Axis; ; Rucervus; ; Elaphurus; ; Panolia; ; Hyelaphus; ; Rusa; ; Cervus; ; †Megaceroides; ; †Megaloceros; ; †Praemegaceros; ; †Eucladoceros ; ; †Sinomegaceros;

The Cervinae or the Old World deer (denoting their place of origin, not their current distribution), are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae.

Classification and species

The list is based on the studies of Randi, Mucci, Claro-Hergueta, Bonnet and Douzery (2001); Pitraa, Fickela, Meijaard, Groves (2004); Ludt, Schroeder, Rottmann and Kuehn (2004); Hernandez-Fernandez and Vrba (2005); Groves (2006); Ruiz-Garcia, M., Randi, E., Martinez-Aguero, M. and Alvarez D. (2007); Duarte, J.M.B., Gonzalez, S. and Maldonado, J.E. (2008); Groves and Grubb (2011)[1]

Tribe Muntiacini
- Genus Elaphodus
  - Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
- Genus Muntiacus
  - Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
  - Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
  - Indian muntjac (M. muntjak)
  - Indian red muntjac (M. aureus, considered to be a subspecies of M. muntjak)
  - Southern red muntjac or Sri Lankan muntjac (M. malabaricus, considered to be a subspecies of M. muntjak)
  - Black-legged muntjac (M. nigripes, considered to be a subspecies of M. muntjak)
  - Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis, considered to be a subspecies of M. muntjak)
  - Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
  - Sumatran muntjac (M. montanum)
  - Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
  - Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
  - Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
  - Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
  - Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
  - Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
  - Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
Tribe Cervini ("true" deer)
- Genus Dama
  - Fallow deer (D. dama)
  - Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
- Genus Axis
  - Chital (A. axis)
- Genus Rucervus
  - †Schomburgk's deer (R. schomburgki)
  - Western swamp deer (R. branderi, considered to be a subspecies of R. duvaucelii)
  - Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
  - Eastern swamp deer (R. ranjitsinhi, considered to be a subspecies of R. duvaucelii)
- Genus Panolia[2]
  - Eld's deer (P. eldii)
  - Eastern Eld's deer (P. siamensis, considered by some authorities a subspecies of P. eldii)
  - Thamin (P. thamin, considered by some authorities a subspecies of P. eldii)
- Genus Elaphurus
  - Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
- Genus Hyelaphus[2]
  - Indian hog deer (H. porcinus)
  - Indochinese hog deer (H. annamiticus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of H. porcinus)
  - Calamian deer (H. calamianensis)
  - Bawean deer (H. kuhlii)
- Genus Rusa (considered by some authorities to be a junior synonym of Cervus)
  - Visayan spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer (R. alfredi)
  - Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
  - Mindoro deer (R. barandanus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of R. mariannus)
  - Mindanao mountain deer (R. nigellus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of R. mariannus)
  - Javan rusa deer (R. timorensis)
  - Southeast Asian sambar (R. equinus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of R. unicolor)
  - Sri Lankan sambar (R. unicolor)
- Genus Cervus
  - Alashan wapiti (C. alashanicus; considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. canadensis)
  - Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
  - Red deer (C. elaphus)
  - Caspian red deer or Maral deer (C. maral, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. elaphus)
  - Corsican red deer (C. corsicanus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. elaphus)
  - Yarkand deer (C. yarkandensis, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. elaphus)
  - Bactrian deer (C. bactrianus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. elaphus)
  - Sichuan deer or Sichuan wapiti (Cervus macneilli, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. canadensis)
  - Sika deer (C. nippon)
  - Vietnamese deer (C. pseudaxis, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. nippon)
  - Tsushima Island deer (C. pulchellus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. nippon)
  - Formosan deer (C. taiouanus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. nippon)
  - Elk or American wapiti (C. canadensis)
  - Kashmir stag or Kashmir wapiti (C. hanglu, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. elaphus or C. canadensis)
  - Manchurian wapiti (C. xanthopygus, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. canadensis)
  - Tibetan red deer or Tibetan wapiti (C. wallichi, considered by some authorities a subspecies of C. canadensis)

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References

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Pitraa, Fickela; Meijaard, Groves (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33: 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-12.

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[1] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[genus-2] Pitraa, Fickela; Meijaard, Groves (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33: 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-12.