Carnosine synthase
Carnosine synthase (EC 6.3.2.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
- ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine ADP + phosphate + carnosine
| carnosine synthase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 6.3.2.11 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 9023-61-4 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-histidine, and beta-alanine, whereas its 3 products are ADP (previously thought to form AMP[1]), diphosphate, and carnosine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is 'L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming)' (incorrect on AMP-forming[2]). Other names in common use include 'carnosine synthetase', 'carnosine-anserine synthetase', 'homocarnosine synthetase', and 'carnosine-homocarnosine synthetase'.
Gene
The gene encoding this enzyme has been identified by Jakub Drozak an coworkers in 2010.[3] The gene encoding the Carnosine synthase is ATPGD1, a member of the “ATP-grasp family” of ligases. Because of its involvement in the formation of carnosine, this gene is now also named 'CARNS1'.[4]
References
- http://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/6.3.2.11
- http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC6/3/2/11.html
- Drozak J, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vertommen D, Stroobant V, Van Schaftingen E (Mar 2010). "Molecular identification of carnosine synthase as ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (ATPGD1)". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285: 9346–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.095505. PMC 2843183. PMID 20097752.
- "Carnosine Synthase 1".
- KALYANKAR GD, MEISTER A (1959). "Enzymatic synthesis of carnosine and related beta-alanyl and gamma-aminobutyryl peptides". J. Biol. Chem. 234: 3210–8. PMID 14404206.
- Stenesh JJ; Winnick T (1960). "Carnosine–anserine synthetase of muscle. 4. Partial purification of the enzyme and further studies of β-alanyl peptide synthesis". Biochem. J. 77 (3): 575–581. doi:10.1042/bj0770575. PMC 1205078. PMID 16748858.