Carbohydrate chemistry

Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates. Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydroxyl groups; as a result, it relies heavily on the use of protecting groups.

Monosaccharides

Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.

Carbohydrate synthesis

Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrate structures. This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as oligosaccharides.

Glycosidic bond formation

Chemical glycosylation
Fischer glycosidation
Glycosyl halide
Koenigs-Knorr reaction

Protecting groups

Carbohydrate acetalisation

Oligosaccharides

Reactions of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:

Cyanohydrin reaction
Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
Amadori rearrangement
Nef reaction
Wohl degradation
Tipson-Cohen reaction
Ferrier rearrangement
Ferrier II reaction

Functions of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates have four major functions within the body:

Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
Cellular and protein recognition

Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose

Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy

Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids

Cellular and protein recognition

Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins.

gollark: Yarp.

gollark: As is traditional, there was a gold in alpine, which vanished immediately.

gollark: Mysterious.

gollark: Ugh. Stupid 5-hour cooldown on CB egg trading.

gollark: I mean, if you can't see them anyway, it seems silly that you should be able to see them.

References

External links

Media related to Carbohydrate chemistry at Wikimedia Commons
Functions of Carbohydrates

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

Branches of chemistry
Glossary of chemical formulae List of biomolecules List of inorganic compounds Periodic table
Physical	Electrochemistry Thermochemistry Chemical thermodynamics Surface science Interface and colloid science Micromeritics Cryochemistry Sonochemistry Spectroscopy Structural chemistry / Crystallography Chemical physics Chemical kinetics Femtochemistry Quantum chemistry Spin chemistry Photochemistry Equilibrium chemistry
Organic	Biochemistry Molecular biology Cell biology Bioorganic chemistry Chemical biology Clinical chemistry Neurochemistry Biophysical chemistry Stereochemistry Physical organic chemistry Organic reaction Retrosynthetic analysis Enantioselective synthesis Total synthesis / Semisynthesis Medicinal chemistry Pharmacology Fullerene chemistry Polymer chemistry Petrochemistry Dynamic covalent chemistry
Inorganic	Coordination chemistry Magnetochemistry Organometallic chemistry Organolanthanide chemistry Bioinorganic chemistry Bioorganometallic chemistry Physical inorganic chemistry Cluster chemistry Crystallography Solid-state chemistry Metallurgy Ceramic chemistry Materials science
Analytical	Instrumental chemistry Electroanalytical methods Spectroscopy IR Raman UV-Vis NMR Mass spectrometry EI ICP MALDI Separation process Chromatography GC HPLC Femtochemistry Crystallography Characterization Titration Wet chemistry
Others	Nuclear chemistry Radiochemistry Radiation chemistry Actinide chemistry Cosmochemistry / Astrochemistry / Stellar chemistry Geochemistry Biogeochemistry Environmental chemistry Atmospheric chemistry Ocean chemistry Clay chemistry Carbochemistry Petrochemistry Food chemistry Carbohydrate chemistry Food physical chemistry Agricultural chemistry Chemistry education Amateur chemistry General chemistry Clandestine chemistry Forensic chemistry Post-mortem chemistry Nanochemistry Supramolecular chemistry Chemical synthesis Green chemistry Click chemistry Combinatorial chemistry Biosynthesis Computational chemistry Mathematical chemistry Theoretical chemistry
See also	History of chemistry Nobel Prize in Chemistry Timeline of chemistry of element discoveries "The central science" Chemical reaction Catalysis Chemical element Chemical compound Atom Molecule Ion Chemical substance Chemical bond
Category Commons Portal WikiProject