British Rail Class 416

British Rail Class 416 (2-EPB) electric multiple units were built between 1953 and 1956. They were intended for inner suburban passenger services on London's Southern Electric network. There were two subclasses of Class 416: Class 416/1 to an SR design on salvaged 2 NOL underframes, and Class 416/2 to BR's Mark I coach design.

British Rail Class 416
In service1955-1995
ManufacturerAshford Works, Eastleigh works & Lancing works[1]
Number built128
FormationDMBS-DTS or DMBS-DTC
Operator(s)British Rail
Specifications
Car length19.50 m (63 ft 11 3⁄4 in) [1]
Maximum speed75 mph (121 km/h))
WeightDMBS 40 long tons (41 t)[2] DTS 30 long tons (30 t)[2] DTC 30 long tons (30 t)[3]
Traction motorsTwo
Power output2 x 250 hp (190 kW)
total 500 hp (370 kW)
Electric system(s)660-750 V DC third rail
Track gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

With the introduction of yellow warning panels from late 1963 the motor coaches of all Southern Region 2 and 3-car units were equipped with an inverted black triangle in order to provide an early visual indication to station staff that there was no brake van at the other end of the unit. As units such the 4 EPB stock had a brake van at each end of the unit they were not so equipped.

In the 1980s some 2 EPB units were used on the North London Line between Richmond and North Woolwich; these units being equipped with window bars.

Tyneside units

Fifteen units built in 1954/5 to the BR Mark I coach design were built for the third rail electrified Tyneside Electric lines.

They were built at Eastleigh, and were the last Tyneside third rail EMUs built. They followed the new British Railways standard design for suburban rolling stock: similar units were built at the same time for use on South London suburban routes, but the Tyneside units had features in keeping with previous Tyneside EMUs, such as a large brake van to accommodate a large volume of fish boxes and prams; electric headcode lights on the cab front between the windows; and above those a roller destination blind. Unlike units of this style built for service in the south, the Tyneside units had a single first class compartment.

Another unit, 5800, was built in 1959 in order to replace the destroyed 5766. Unit 5800 had some differences. It was disbanded in 1964.[4]

The units operated the South Tyneside services between Newcastle Central and South Shields, a route that had a busy commuter frequency and passenger numbers to match. British Railways decided to withdraw electric traction from these routes and the South Tyneside route was the first to be replaced by diesel units, being de-electrified in 1963. All 15 units were re-allocated to South London, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which entailed some rebuilding of the cabs and the declassification of the first class compartment. The units continued in passenger service until 1985 when they were all withdrawn.

A number of units survived for a few years longer on non-passenger duties as test or tractor units. One was used for testing the Tonbridge - Hastings line electrification before the route was opened for electric trains in the summer of 1986 by British Rail. This unit also carried out similar work on the East Grinstead electrification two years later and saw occasional use on other test and tractor duties until laid up in 1995. It was purchased for preservation by SERA and was moved to Robertsbridge in Sussex for initial restoration work, and moved to the Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire in 1999. Two DMBS from two different units (5783 and 5790) were rebuilt as departmental set 026 (later 931062), with roller shutter doors on each side and tanks inside to carry carriage cleaning fluid and de-icing fluid between the supply point and depots[5]. This unit, nicknamed The Sprinkler, was in service from 1987 until 2002 and was the last Tyneside unit in use, albeit heavily modified from original form.

Rebuilds

The 416/1 subclass (5651-5684) was rebuilt at Eastleigh Works in 1959 using underframes from withdrawn SR Class 2NOL units. The rebuilt units were initially classified 2 NOP but later absorbed into the 2 EPB classification. They had SR-designed bodies, similar to those of the earlier SR-design 4 SUB units and Bulleid locomotive-hauled coaching stock.

Electrical equipment

Each motor car had two 250 horsepower English Electric EE507 traction motors.

A Class 416 at Tattenham Corner in 1984.
Class 416 train at Broad Street station in 1985.

Numbering

Unit numbers
  • Class 416/1 Rebuilds, 5651-5684 (These units were refurbished from 1983 and were reclassified 416/3 with units numbered 6301 - 6334)
  • Class 416/2 Standard BR MK 1-TYPE stock, 5701-5779 (subsequently renumbered 6202 - 6279 from 1983), and the former Tyneside units, 5781 - 5795 (later 6281 - 6295; these units were withdrawn in 1985).
  • Class 416/4. Created from 1986 after some units were refurbished. These were numbered 6401 - 6426.

Car numbers
  • Tyneside stock:
    • Motor cars, E65311-E65325
    • Trailer cars, E77100-E77114

Accidents and incidents

Preservation
Preserved 2 EPB 5759

The final units were withdrawn in 1995. Five units have been preserved, including an ex-Tyneside unit.

Unit number
(current in bold)		 DMBSO DTSso Built Livery Location
5667 6307 - 14573 16117 1959 Eastleigh BR(S) Malachite Green Hope Farm, Sellindge, Kent
5759 6259 - 65373 77558 1956 Eastleigh BR Green Southall Depot, West London
5791 6291 932053 65321 - 1955 Eastleigh Green primer / Blue grey Battlefield Line Railway
5793 6293 - 77112
5703 6203 930032/930204 65302 - 1955 Eastleigh BR Green Finmere railway station[7]
5705 6205 930032/930205 65304 - 1955 Eastleigh BR Green Finmere railway station[8]
5765 6265 930034/930206 65379 - 1955 Eastleigh BR Green Finmere railway station[9]
5768 6268 930034/930206 65382 - 1955 Eastleigh BR Green Finmere railway station[10]

Modelling

Bachmann Industries has released an 00 gauge model of a BR-design 2 EPB (416/2) in late 2011, in several liveries.

gollark: And BEE POLL POLLs aren't a thing.
gollark: You cannot DEPLOY bees on something. You need to DEPLOY bees before you USE them.
gollark: !
gollark: Bee deployment is NOT the same as using bees
gollark: [REDACTED]

References
  1. Glasspool, David. "Class 415/416: 2/4 EPB". Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  2. SERA. "Suburban Electric Railway Association - 2-EPB Units". Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  3. SERA. "Suburban Electric Railway Association - South Tyneside 2 EPB EMUs". Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  4. BloodandCustard - British Rail’s Southern Region 2 EPB Units (British Rail Type)
  5. "The Sprinkler". Modern Locomotives Illustrated. Departmental Multiple Units (231): 14. June–July 2018.
  6. Langley, C. A. (16 June 1958). "Report on the Collision which occurred on 4th December 1957 at St. Johns Station, Lewisham in the Southern Region of British Railways" (PDF). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Retrieved 9 May 2017. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5932
  8. http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5933
  9. http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5934
  10. http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5935
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