Bikwin–Jen languages
The Bikwin–Jen languages form a branch of the Adamawa family. They are spoken in Taraba State to the north of Jalingo LGA, and in other nearby states of eastern Nigeria.
| Bikwin–Jen | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Taraba State, eastern Nigeria |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo
|
| Glottolog | None bikw1235 (Bikwin–Jen)[1] |
Bikwin-Jen may not necessarily be a coherent group. Due to the internal diversity of Bikwin-Jen, Guldemann (2018) suggests that Bikwin and Jen could possibly form separate groups.[2]
Classification
Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Bikwin-Jen group as follows in the Adamawa Languages Project website.[3]
- Bikwin-Jen
- Bikwin
- Jen (Janjo)
- Dza
- Dza (local variants)
- Joole, Jaule
- Munga Doso
- Tha [θá]
- Dza
Jen
Jen cluster classification according to Norton (2019):[4]
- Jen
- Burak, Loo
- Maghdi, LeeMak
- Kyak-Moo-LeeLau (Munga LeeLau)
- Tha (Joole Manga)
- Doso-Dza (Munga Doso; Dza-Joole)
Language varieties that are part of the Jen cluster according to Norton (2019):[4]
- Jen cluster
- Burak
- Loo of Galdemaru and Waamura
- Maghdi (Tala)
- Mak (LeeMak) of Panya and Zoo
- Kyãk (Bambuka)
- Moo (Gomu)
- LeeLau (Munga LeeLau)
- Munga Doso
- Dza (Jenjo) and Joole
- Tha (Joole Manga)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[5]
| Language | Branch | Cluster | Dialects | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Endonym(s) | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Exonym(s) | Speakers | Location(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tha | Bikwin-Jen | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Numan LGA. Joole Manga Dìdí village | |||||||||
| Dza | Jen | Dza, Ja | nnwa’ Dzâ | Èédzá, ídzà | Jenjo, Janjo, Jen | 6,100 (1952). Figures for Dza may include other Jen groups such as Joole and Tha (q.v.) | |||||
| Joole | Jen | èèʒìì | nwá èèʒìì | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Numan LGA. Along the Benue River. | |||||||
| Mingang Doso | Jen | Munga | ŋwai Mәngàn | Mingang Doso | Dosọ | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. East of Karim Lamido town. One village and associated hamlets. | |||||
| Burak | Bikwin | yu Ɓuurak pl. yele Ɓuurak | nyuwǎ Ɓúúrák | ‘Yele | Shongom [name of an LGA] | 4,000 (1992 est.) | Gombe State, Shongom LGA, Burak town. 25 villages. A highly distinctive form is spoken in Tadam village. | ||||
| Kyak | Bikwin | Kyãk | Kyãk | Bambuka | 10,000 (SIL) | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, Bambuka | |||||
| Leelạu | Bikwin | Lelo | Munga | One village and an associated hamlet | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. East of Karim Lamido town. | ||||||
| Loo | Bikwin | Shúŋ̣ ó ̣ | Shúŋ̣ ó–̣ North, Shúŋ̣ ó–̣ South | 8,000 (1992 est.) | Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 30 km. North of Karim Lamido town. Lo village and associated hamlets. | ||||||
| Maghdi | Bikwin | Mághdì | Mághdì sg., lee Mághdì pl. | Widala also applies to Kholok | Fewer than 2,000 (1992) | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. A section of the Widala | |||||
| Mak | Bikwin | Panya, Zo | Mak | LeeMak | Panya, Panyam (From Poonya, the name of a founding hero) Zoo | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA. 15 km. north of Karim Lamido town. | |||||
| Mɔɔ | Bikwin | ŋwaa Mɔ́ɔ̀ | yáá Mɔ̀ɔ̀ | Gwomo, Gwom, Gwomu, Gomu | Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA |
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References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bikwin–Jen". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. Bikwin-Jen group. Adamawa Languages Project.
- Norton, Russell (2019). "The Jen cluster: comparative analysis of wordlists".
- Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
External links
- Bikwin-Jen (Adamawa Languages Project)
- Ɓəna-Mboi (Yungur) group (Adamawa Languages Project)
- Bena-Yungur (AdaGram)
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