Aphareus (fish)

Aphareus is a genus of snappers native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans from the African coast to the Hawaiian Islands.[1] The currently recognized species in this genus are:[1]

  • Aphareus furca (Lacépède, 1801) (small-toothed jobfish)
  • Aphareus rutilans G. Cuvier, 1830 (rusty jobfish)

Aphareus
(A. frusca)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Perciformes
Family:
Lutjanidae
Subfamily:
Etelinae
Genus:
Aphareus

G. Cuvier, 1830
Type species
Aphareus caerulescens
G. Cuvier, 1830
Synonyms
  • Platypodus Lacepède, 1804
  • Fares D. S. Jordan, Evermann & S. Tanaka (I), 1927
  • Sacrestinus D. S. Jordan, Evermann & S. Tanaka (I), 1927
  • Humefordia Whitley, 1931
  • Ulapiscis Whitley, 1933

Description

This fish belongs to the tropical snapper and sea perches family, Lutjanidae. It can be reality identified by their adult coloration. This fish contains long filaments at the tips of its tail fin. Its body is of a bronze/blue-gray color and it has yellow fins. It reaches a maximum length of 70 cm but more commonly found to be a length of 25 cm. Males may be identified by yellow present on the head.[2][3]

Distribution

Aphareus furca are found in the Indo-pacific from the south of Hawaii to the Pitcairn Islands, West and East Africa. It has also been found from the Gulf of Mannar to the southern part of Japan going southward to Australia. It has been collected at depths of 1–122 m but also has been reported at depths of 302m. In the late 1990s, this species of fish was found at 38.6% of the sampling sites and accounted for 2.5% of the recorded biomass. From the years of 2008 to 2014 estimates of its density were at 2.5 to 41.2 individuals per hectare in Pacific coral reef areas. It has also been discovered that its population size is affected by fishing and in areas where that fishing pressure was relieved, population size increased. The highest population sizes were recorded in the US Line Islands and Phoenix Islands where those sizes were recorded to be 19.4 and 63 per hectare.[4]

Small measurements of population size ranging from 0.3 to 17.2 were found in the Federated States of Micronesia, Solomon Islands, the remote islands around the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and Raja Ampat.[4]

Habitat

Aphareus furca is a benthopelagic and pelagic species that is mostly found to inhabit inshore coral and rocky reed areas, rocky bottoms, and clear water lagoons. This species is a piscivorous and can be found singly or in small groups. It is typically found at depths of 1–120 m, but it has been reported to be found at depths of 300 m.[3][4]

Threats

Aphareus furca is vulnerable to many detrimental effects that can decrease its population. Capture of Aphareus furca by spearfishing and handlines or vertical longlines makes it a commonly sought after gamefish. This fishing has been found to be a main factor leading to its reduction in population size, especially in Fiji and the Philippines where this species is found close to the coast. Hunting and fishing is posing as such a threat for population size that in South Africa bag limits have been implemented to how many can be caught.[4]

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References
  1. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Aphareus in FishBase. December 2013 version.
  2. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Carpenter, Kent E., Niem, Volker H., South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency., Norsk utviklingshjelp., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1998–2001. ISBN 9251045879. OCLC 40772670.CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. "Aphareus furca summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  4. "Aphareus furca (Blue Smalltooth Job, Blue Smalltooth Jobfish, Fork-tailed Snapper Fish, Jobfish, Small-toothed Jobfish, Smalltoothed Jobfish, Small Toothed Jobfish, Small-tooth Jobfish, Smalltooth Jobfish, Snapper Jobbyfish)". www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  • Photos of Aphareus on Sealife Collection
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