Anton Schwarzkopf

Anton Schwarzkopf (8 July 1924 30 July 2001) was a German engineer of amusement rides, and founder of the Schwarzkopf Industries Company, which built numerous amusement rides and large roller coasters for both amusement parks and traveling funfairs.

Anton Schwarzkopf
Born(1924-07-08)July 8, 1924[1]
DiedJuly 30, 2001(2001-07-30) (aged 77)[1]
NationalityGerman
OccupationPresident, Schwarzkopf Industries GmbH
Years active1954–1995
Known forDesigning roller coasters
Notable work
Revolution, Shockwave, The Mindbender, Olympia Looping, Whizzer, Shuttle Loop

Early years

Anton Schwarzkopf was introduced into the industry with his father's involvement with the design of specialized trailers used to transport circus equipment. Around 1954, the company transitioned into creating amusement rides.

Career

In 1957, Anton Schwarzkopf built his first attraction, the Düsenspirale, a roller coaster that traveled around Germany with funfair showman Löffelhardt. In 1960, he took over his father's company, leading to the creation of his first full scale steel roller coaster, The Wildcat, in 1964. In 1970, the first Jet Star II was built for German showman Rick. This ride was the first of many built by the company to feature an electric spiral lift hill. But 1976, Schwarzkopf, along with ride engineer Werner Stengel, created one of their most ground breaking attractions, the famous Revolution roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in California, the first steel roller coaster ever fitted with a vertical loop. This led to the looping roller coaster becoming one of Schwarzkopf's signature attractions, with a few notable examples following soon after: King Kobra at Kings Dominion in Virginia in 1977, both the world's first Shuttle Loop and launched roller coaster, Shockwave at Six Flags Over Texas in 1978, Schwarzkopf's first double loop roller coaster, and the Looping Star in Germany, the first traveling looping roller coaster, which also opened in 1978.

Shockwave, Schwarzkopf's first double loop roller coaster.

Schwarzkopf Industries grew rapidly with the vast support of various customers praising the company's creations. Throughout the 1970s and notably the 80s, the company became quite a popular name at carnivals, particularly those in Western Europe, producing a number of extremely large transportable rides during this time, including Alpina Bahn in 1983, Dreier Looping (Roughly "Triple Loop" in English) in 1984, Thriller in 1986, and Olympia Looping (Designed by Schwarzkopf but built by BHS) in 1989, all of which premiered in Germany. Outside of Germany, the company was represented by the Intamin firm, and as a result, many older rides credited to Intamin were actually designed and created by Schwarzkopf. Unfortunately, Anton Schwarzkopf's prowess as a businessman was relatively lacking, and his company suffered through several bankruptcies, resulting in the scrapping of many designs and deals with parks. Thriller was the last ride to built by the company before it shut in the mid-late 80's, with portions of the ride being completed by BHS, who, along with Zierer, constructed a few Schwarzkopf designs in the late 80's, including the Bavarian Mountain Railroad roller coasters and the before mentioned Olympia Looping.

Although Schwarzkopf is most famous for roller coasters, the company also produced a number of popular flat rides, including the Bayern Kurve, the Enterprise, and the Monster.

Anton Schwarzkopf retired from the industry in 1995, and died on 30 July 2001, after suffering from Parkinson's disease for many years.

Legacy

There are a number of notable people from the amusement industry who have either worked with or have relations to Anton Schwarzkopf. His brother, Franz Schwarzkopf, was also a ride designer at around the same time as Anton, and designed many staples of the both amusement parks and carnivals alike, such as the Wave Swinger. Anton's son Wieland Schwarzkopf became involved with the industry as well, starting out at Schwarzkopf and later starting his own business in 1984. Wieland's company mostly provided parts and services for his father's rides, but had a few of its own attractions, such as the Sound Factory, a short-lived version of the popular Monster ride with looping cars. Werner Stengel got his start with the Schwarzkopf company and later went on to become one of the most prestigious designers of roller coasters and amusement rides. He was still heavily involved with most of Schwarzkopf's attractions. Hubert Gerstlauer, founder and namesake of Gerstlauer Amuesment Rides GmbH, was an employee of Schwarzkopf before starting his own company in 1982. Gerstlauer's manufacturing is still done at the former Schwarzkopf facility in Münsterhausen, Bavaria.

Despite their age and shrinking numbers, Schwarzkopf rides are still very popular with both guests and operators alike. Many Schwarzkopf attractions have become icons of the parks they are located at, such as Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain and Whizzer at Six Flags Great America, both of which have received the American Coaster Enthusiasts "Coaster Landmark" award. Roller coaster enthusiasts often praise Schwarzkopf roller coasters for their smoothness, notable intensity (often thanks to the more circular loop design, which, at certain points, can often exert well over 5, if not sometimes 6, Gs of force on the rider), and overall beauty.

List of roller coasters


As of 2019, Schwarzkopf has built 149 roller coasters around the world.[2]

NameModelParkCountryOpenedStatusRef
JetStarJet StarParque de la Ciudad ArgentinaUnknownRemoved[3]
KatapultaKatapultSelva Mágica MexicoUnknownRemoved[4]
Super 8Wildcat 54mFyns Tivoli DenmarkUnknownRemoved[5]
Rollercoaster
Formerly Traumlandbahn
Formerly Münchner Bahn
Münchner BahnFuture World
Movie Park Germany
Beekse Bergen
ThailandUnknown
1987 to 1991
Removed[6]
[7]
[8]
Jet-Star IIJet Star 2Wiener Prater AustriaUnknownRemoved[9]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetSix Flags Great Adventure
Canadian National Exhibition
United StatesUnknownRemoved[10]
[11]
Big BendSpeed Racer / Extended Jumbo JetSix Flags St. Louis
Six Flags Over Texas
United StatesUnknown
1971 to 1979
Removed[12]
[13]
Greased Lightnin'
Formerly Tidal Wave
Shuttle LoopSix Flags Discovery Kingdom
California's Great America
United StatesUnknown
1977 to 2002
Removed[14]
[15]
Runaway TrainAlpenblitz IIOcean Beach Amusement Park United KingdomUnknownRemoved[16]
AlpenblitzAlpenblitz IIGorky Park RussiaUnknownRemoved[17]
City JetCity Jet / Jet 400Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park United StatesUnknownRemoved[18]
Jet StarJet StarSerengeti Park GermanyUnknownRemoved[19]
City JetCity Jet / Jet 400All Star Adventures
Gillian's Wonderland Pier
Steel Pier
United StatesUnknown
1976 to 2004
Unknown
Removed[20]
[21]
[22]
Unknown
Formerly Tornado
Jet Star 2Beto Carrero World
Playcenter São Paulo
BrazilUnknown
1982
Removed[23]
[24]
DüsenspiraleUnknownWiener Prater Austria1964Removed[25]
Super 8Wildcat 65mLiseberg Sweden1966Removed[26]
WildCatWildcat 65mSix Flags New England United States1968Removed[27]
SkovtroldenUnknownTivoli Gardens Denmark1969Removed[28]
Jet StarJet StarPalisades Amusement Park United States1969Removed[29]
7 PicosWildcat 54mParque de Atracciones de Madrid Spain1969Removed[30]
Jet StarJet StarCasino Pier United States1970Removed[31]
Jet StarCity Jet / Jet 400Drievliet Netherlands1970Removed[32]
Jet StarJet StarParque de Atracciones de Madrid Spain1970Removed[33]
Wild CatWildcat 45mLuna Park Australia1970Removed[34]
AchterbahnWildcat 65mSpreepark Germany1970Removed[35]
Jet StarJet StarGreat Adventure Amusement Park United States1971Removed[36]
Super 8Wildcat 65mKölner Tivoli Germany1971Removed[37]
WildcatWildcat 54mFantasy Island United States1972Removed[38]
Super Big GulpJet Star 2Playland Canada1972Removed[39]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetGreat Adventure Amusement Park United States1973Removed[40]
SchussboomerWildcat 54mWorlds of Fun United States1973Removed[41]
Gebirgsbahn
Formerly Bob 1
Formerly Bobbahn 1
UnknownPhantasialand Germany1975Removed[42]
City JetCity Jet / Jet 400Morey's Piers United States1975Removed[43]
Jet 400City Jet / Jet 400Jolly Roger at the Pier United States1975Removed[44]
Whizzer
Formerly Willard's Whizzer
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo JetSix Flags Great America United States1976Operating[45]
Whizzer
Formerly Willard's Whizzer
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo JetCalifornia's Great America United States1976Removed[46]
Jet Star 2Jet Star 2Lagoon
Riverfront Park
United States1976
1974
Operating[47]
[48]
AchtbaanWildcat 45mBobbejaanland Belgium1976Removed[49]
Alpen BlitzAlpenblitz IISix Flags Great Adventure United States1976Removed[50]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetMorey's Piers United States1976Removed[51]
New Revolution
Formerly Revolution
Formerly La Revolución
Formerly Great American Revolution
UnknownSix Flags Magic Mountain United States1976Operating[52]
Jet SetJet StarFuntown Pier United States1977Removed[53]
SooperDooperLooperLooping SpeedracerHersheypark United States1977Operating[54]
Grand Canyon BahnAlpenblitz IIPhantasialand Germany1978Removed[55]
Screamin' DemonWildcat 54mPoconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls United States1978Removed[56]
Wild RiderWildcat 54mSix Flags Great Adventure United States1978Removed[57]
Mind BenderUnknownSix Flags Over Georgia United States1978Operating[58]
Shock WaveUnknownSix Flags Over Texas United States1978Operating[59]
Montezooma's RevengeShuttle LoopKnott's Berry Farm United States1978Operating[60]
City JetCity Jet / Jet 400Kid's World United States1978Removed[61]
WildcatWildcat 65mCedar Point United States1979Removed[62]
Looping StarLooping StarBobbejaanland Belgium1979Removed[63]
AlpenblitzAlpenblitz IIBobbejaanland Belgium1979Removed[64]
Shuttle LoopShuttle LoopYokohama Dreamland Japan1979Removed[65]
AchterbahnWildcat 45mSpreepark Germany1979Removed[66]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetConey Island
Steeplechase Park
United States1980
1972 to 1979
Removed[67]
[68]
Jet StarJet StarSärkänniemi Amusement Park Finland1980Removed[69]
Shuttle LoopShuttle LoopNagashima Spa Land Japan1980Operating[70]
KatapultKatapultMorey's Piers United States1980Removed[71]
NessieLooping RacerHansa Park Germany1980Operating[72]
ScorpionSilverarrowBusch Gardens Tampa United States1980Operating[73]
Jumbo Jet
Formerly Radar
Wildcat 54mÖlands Djur & Nöjespark
Gröna Lund
Sweden1981
1965 to 1981
Removed[74]
[75]
Oasis ExpressUnknownKuwait Entertainment City Kuwait1981Closed[76]
Double LoopUnknownKobe Portopialand Japan1981Removed[77]
Psyké Underground
Formerly Turbine
Formerly Sirocco
Shuttle LoopWalibi Belgium Belgium1982Operating[78]
Looping StarLooping StarNagashima Spa Land Japan1982Operating[79]
Jet Star IIJet Star 2Gröna Lund Sweden1982Removed[80]
ZyklonCity Jet / Jet 400Gardaland Italy1982Removed[81]
Wild CatWildcat 54mParque de la Ciudad Argentina1982Removed[82]
AconcaguaUnknownParque de la Ciudad Argentina1983Removed[83]
Alpen BlitzAlpenblitz IIParque de la Ciudad Argentina1983Removed[84]
Colossus the Fire DragonDouble LoopingLagoon United States1983Operating[85]
Tig'rr Coaster
Formerly Jet Star
Jet StarIndiana Beach
Holiday Beach
United States1984
1976 to 1983
Operating[86]
[87]
Wild CatWildcat 65mKeansburg Amusement Park United States1984Removed[88]
Jet StarUnknownAtlas Park United Kingdom1984Removed[89]
MindbenderUnknownGalaxyland Amusement Park Canada1985Operating[90]
WildcatWildcat 65mWashington State Fair United States1985Operating[91]
Silver Bullet
Formerly Looping Star
Looping StarFrontier City
Jolly Roger Amusement Park
State Fair of Texas
United States1986
1984 to 1985
1980 to 1983
Operating[92]
[93]
[94]
AlpenblitzAlpenblitz IIMovie Park Germany Germany1986Removed[95]
Black HoleJet StarAvonturenpark Hellendoorn Netherlands1986Removed[96]
Raptor Attack
Formerly Rat Ride
Wildcat 45mLightwater Valley United Kingdom1987Operating[97]
LisebergbananUnknownLiseberg Sweden1987Operating[98]
Jetline
Formerly Berg- och Dalbanan
UnknownGröna Lund Sweden1988Operating[99]
Viper
Formerly Jet Scream
Looping StarSix Flags AstroWorld
Six Flags St. Louis
United States1989
1981 to 1988
Removed[100]
[101]
Golden Loop
Formerly White Lightnin'
Shuttle LoopGold Reef City
Carowinds
South Africa1989
1977 to 1988
Operating[102]
[103]
Alpen BlitzAlpenblitz IIPlaycenter São Paulo Brazil1989Removed[104]
Shuttle LoopShuttle LoopOyama Yuenchi Japan1990Removed[105]
Turbo Mountain
Formerly Geronimo
Jet Star 2Adventure World
Luna Park
Australia1991
1982 to 1988
Removed[106]
[107]
Speed Bobsleigh
Formerly Jet Star II
Jet Star 2Nasu Highland Park
Hanshin Park
Japan1992
1977 to 1979
Removed[108]
[109]
KatapultKatapultLinnanmäki Finland1992Removed[110]
Lasso Loop
Formerly Katapult
KatapultOK Corral
Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
Splash Zone Water Park
France1993
1990 to 1993
1985 to 1989
Removed[111]
[112]
[113]
Montaña Rusa
Formerly Wildcat
Formerly Mountain Express
Wildcat 65mBosque Mágico
Magic Landing
Six Flags Magic Mountain
Mexico1993
1984 to 1990
1973 to 1982
Removed[114]
[115]
[116]
Cascabel 2.0
Formerly Cascabel
Formerly Laser Loop
Shuttle LoopLa Feria Chapultepec Magico
Kennywood
Mexico1994
1980 to 1990
Closed[117]
[118]
Coleoz'Arbres
Formerly Jet Star
Jet StarBagatelle France1994Removed[119]
Montanha RussaWildcat 54mMirabilandia Brazil1994Removed[120]
Cannonball Express
Formerly Enigma
Formerly Super Figure Eight
Formerly Jumbo 5
Jumbo VPleasurewood Hills
Funland Park
Meli Park
United Kingdom1995
late 80s to 1995
1984 to late 80s
Operating[121]
[122]
[123]
CycloneWildcat 54mSandspit Cavendish Beach
Rocky Point Park
Canada1996
1984 to 1995
Operating[124]
[125]
SilberpfeilKatapultSkyline Park Germany1997Removed[126]
Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon
Formerly Nightmare at Phantom Cave
Formerly Starchaser
Jet StarGreat Escape
Six Flags Darien Lake
Kentucky Kingdom
Beech Bend
United States1999
1996 to 1998
1987 to 1995
Unknown
Removed[127]
[128]
[129]
[130]
Katapul
Formerly Thunderlooper
Formerly King Kobra
Shuttle LoopHopi Hari
Alton Towers
Jolly Roger Amusement Park
Kings Dominion
Brazil1999
1990 to 1996
1987 to 1989
1977 to 1986
Operating[131]
[132]
[133]
[134]
Montaña Rusa
Formerly Zambezi Zinger
Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo JetParque Del Café
Worlds of Fun
Colombia1999
1973 to 1997
Operating[135]
[136]
Comet II
Formerly Montagnes Russes
Wildcat 65mState Fair of Texas
Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park
La Ronde
United States1999
1985 to 1996
1967 to 1984
Removed[137]
[138]
[139]
Nostalgische Achterbahn
Formerly Achterbahn
Wildcat 65mSkyline Park Germany1999Operating[140] & [141]
Jet StarJet StarLuna Park La Palmyre
Morey's Piers
Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort
France2000
1993 to 1999
1977 to 1992
Operating[142]
[143]
[144]
Tornado
Formerly Glissade
Jet Star 3 / Jumbo JetSelva Mágica
La Feria Chapultepec Magico
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Mexico2002
1993 to 2001
1975 to 1985
Operating[145]
[146]
[147]
Jet Star 2Jet Star 2Vaikų Pasaulis
Gorky Park
Lithuania2002Closed[148]
[149]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetXinghai Square China2003Removed[150]
Greezed Lightnin'
Formerly Viper
Formerly Tidal Wave
Shuttle LoopKentucky Kingdom
Six Flags Over Georgia
Six Flags Great America
United States2003
1995 to 2001
1978 to 1991
Removed[151]
[152]
[153]
Alpina Bobs
Formerly Cortina Bob
Jet StarHolly Park
Wiener Prater
France2003
1969 to 1993
Removed[154]
[155]
Big Roller Coaster
Formerly Andalusia Railroad
UnknownWonder Island
Kure Portopialand
Russia2004
1991 to 1997
Operating[156]
[157]
Jet StarJet StarLuna Park Poland2004Removed[158]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetAmigoland
Walibi Belgium
France2005
1978 to 1991
Operating[159]
[160]
UnknownWildcat UnknownFun Park Fyn Denmark2005In storage[161]
Unknown
Formerly Greezed Lightnin'
Shuttle LoopJoyland Amusement Park
Six Flags AstroWorld
United States2006
1978 to 2005
In storage[162]
[163]
Quimera
Formerly Montaña Triple Loop
Formerly Montaña Infinitum
Formerly Magnum Force
Formerly Triple Loop Coaster
UnknownLa Feria Chapultepec Magico
Flamingo Land
Sunway Lagoon
Mexico2007
2000 to 2005
1997 to 1999
Closed[164] & [165]
[166]
[167]
[168]
Wildcat
Wild Cat
Formerly Die Wildkatze
Wildcat 54mAdventure Park USA
Williams Grove Amusement Park
Steel Pier
Playland Park
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
United States2007
2001 to 2005
1994 to 1999
1984 to 1991
1976 to 1983
Operating[169]
[170]
[171]
[172]
[173]
Knightmare
Formerly BMRX
Formerly Bavarian Mountain Railroad
UnknownCamelot Theme Park
Kobe Portopialand
United Kingdom2007
1987 to 2006
Removed[174]
[175]
Alpen BlitzAlpenblitz IIQueens Land India2007Operating[176]
Avalanche
Formerly Wildcat
Wildcat 54mJolly Roger Amusement Park
Bell's Amusement Park
United States2008
1974 to 1997
Removed[177]
[178]
Roller Coaster
Formerly Ripper
Formerly Jet Star
Jet StarLazarevskoye Park
Thrill-Ville USA
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk
Russia2008
1993 to 2007
1972 to 1991
Operating[179]
[180]
[181]
Tsunami
Formerly Zonga
Formerly Texas Tornado
Formerly Taz's Texas Tornado
Formerly Thriller
UnknownIsla San Marcos Parque Temático
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
Six Flags AstroWorld
Gröna Lund
Mexico2008
2003 to 2004
1998 to 2000
1996
In storage[182]
[183]
[184]
[185]
Jet StarJet StarAventura Park
Aventura Park
Spreepark
Peru2009
2002 to 2008
1970 to 2001
Removed[186]
[187]
[188]
Jet Star 3Jet Star 2Lunapark Robland
Parken Zoo
Poland2009
2001 to 2008
Operating[189]
[190]
Tornado
Formerly Space Mountain
Formerly New Beast
Formerly Alton Beast
Jet Star 3 / Jumbo JetSalitre Magico
Divertido
Alton Towers
Colombia2010
1998 to 2004
1992 to 1997
Removed[191]
[192]
[193]
Vertigo
Formerly Looping Star
Looping StarZoomarine
Luneur Park
Plutón Park
Parque de Atracciones de Madrid
OK Corral
Southport Pleasureland
Freizeitpark Kirchhorst
Italy2010
2002 to 2007
2000 to 2001
1992 to 1998
1988 to 1991
1985 to 1987
1979 to 1984
Operating[194]
[195]
[196]
[197]
[198]
[199]
[200]
Brontojet
Formerly Slitherin'
Formerly Viper
City Jet / Jet 400Movieland Park
Loudoun Castle
Lightwater Valley
Italy2010
2002 to 2004
1996 to 2001
Operating[201]
[202]
[203]
Gwazi
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Thunder Loop Express
Looping StarLion Park Resort
Holnemvolt Park
Loudoun Castle
Dreamland
Botswana2011
2001 to 2009
1995 to 1998
Operating[204]
[205]
[206]
[207]
WildcatWildcat 65mNorth Georgia State Fair United States2011Operating[208]
Rocket
Formerly Black Hole
Formerly Black Hole II
Formerly New Black Hole
Jet Star 2Furuvik
Alton Towers
Sweden2011
1983 to 2005
Operating[209]
[210]
Looping StarSilverarrowRand Show South Africa2012Operating[211]
FrozenCity Jet / Jet 400Attrapark
Attrapark
Sokolniki Park
Russia2013
2010 to 2013
2003 to 20110
Removed[212]
[213]
[214]
Roller Coaster
Formerly Super 8
Wildcat 54mCentral Park
Chelyuskintsev Park
Chelyuskintsev Park
Kazakhstan2013
2009 to 2012
1974 to 2008
Operating[215]
[216]
[217]
Bullet
Formerly Wiener Looping
Shuttle LoopSelva Mágica
Flamingo Land
Boardwalk and Baseball
Wiener Prater
Mexico2013
1991 to 2005
1984 to 1990
1982
Operating[218]
[219]
[220]
[221]
UnknownWildcat 54mCity Games Iraq2013Operating[222]
Death Train
Formerly Katapult
KatapultMarah Land
Mirabilandia
Oman2016
2006
Closed[223]
[224]
Jumbo JetJet Star 3 / Jumbo JetChelyuskintsev Park
Dreamland
Beoland
Malmö Folkets Park
Palace Playland
Cedar Point
Belarus2015
2010 to 2014
2003 to 2006
1985 to 1989
Unknown
1972 to 1978
Operating[225]
[226]
[227]
[228]
[229]
[230]
Wildcat
Formerly Rails
Formerly Wild Rails
Wildcat 65mJolly Roger Amusement Park
Valleyfair
Cedar Point
United States2015
1999 to 2001
1979 to 1998
1970 to 1978
Operating[231] & [232]
[233]
[234]
Looping Star
Formerly Lisebergs Loopen
Looping StarIta Park
Playcenter São Paulo
Liseberg
Brazil2016
1996 to 2012
1980 to 1995
Operating[235]
[236]
[237]
Big Blue
Formerly Twist and Shout
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Tower of Terror
Silberpfeil
SilverarrowFun Park Mirnovec
Loudoun Castle
Dreamland
Camelot Theme Park
Ocean Beach Amusement Park
OK Corral
Croatia2017
2003 to 2010
2001 to 2002
1989 to 2000
1986 to 1988
1980 to 1985
Operating[238]
[239]
[240]
[241]
[242]
[243]
Bobsleigh
Formerly Course De Bobsleigh
Formerly Jumbo Jet
City Jet / Jet 400Parc de la Vallée
Nigloland
Drayton Manor
France2018
1995 to 2017
1981 to 1983
Operating[244]
[245]
[246]
Alpen-Coaster
Formerly Himalayabahn
Wildcat 54mZoo Safaripark Stukenbrock
Schwaben Park
Germany2018
1989 to 2015
Removed[247]
[248]
Olympia LoopingUnknownWiener Prater
Wiener Prater
Austria2018
2016
Removed[249]
[250]
Looping Star
Formerly Thunder Loop
Formerly Looping Star
Formerly Superachtbaan Looping Star
Looping StarParko Paliatso Luna Park
Attractiepark Slagharen
Cyprus2018
1979 to 2016
Operating[251]
[252]
JetJet StarBabyland-Amiland France2019Closed[253]
Teststrecke
Formerly Laser
Formerly Colossus
Double LoopingWiener Prater
Dorney Park
Playcenter São Paulo
Austria2019
1986 to 2008
1981 to 1986
Removed[254]
[255]
[256]

List of other attractions

  • Giant wheel - a 41.5-meter Ferris Wheel at Six Flags Great Adventure and Cedar Point.
  • Orbit (Enterprise) - Six Flags Great America, formerly the Orleans Orbit upon opening of Marriott's Great America. Operated from 1976 to 2016.
  • Orbit (Enterprise) - California's Great America.
  • Wheelie (Enterprise) - Six Flags Over Georgia, Operated from 1977-2012. Removed to make room for SkyScreamer, Now at Funspot in Orlando.
  • Enterprise - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Bayern Kurve - Kennywood.
  • Berserker (Bayern Kurve) - California's Great America.
  • Centrifuge (Calypso III) - California's Great America.
  • Fiddler's Fling (Calypso III) - Six Flags Great America.
  • The Lobster (Monster III) - Six Flags Great America.
  • A Shuttleboat ride (name?) at Bobbejaanland, defunct.
  • Apollo (Apollo 14) - Attractiepark Slagharren, one of two originally built at the park, both were converted to swing rides at some point and one of the sides ended up at Loudoun Castle.
  • Octopus (Monster II) - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Sky Tower (Zepplin II) - Attractiepark Slagharren, later converted into an observation tower.
  • Monorail - Attractiepark Slagharren.
  • Riesenrad (Ferris Wheel 50m) - Famous Oktoberfest Ferris Wheel, owned by showman Willenborg.
gollark: It's not smart just because monkeys do it! Those apioids.
gollark: It is very idiom.
gollark: You should add my quick sort implementation to it.
gollark: > C
gollark: ```WHAT?```

References

  1. Pantenburg, Michael. "Schwarzkopf Coaster Net". Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  2. Schwarzkopf - rcdb.com
  3. Marden, Duane. "JetStar  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  4. Marden, Duane. "Katapulta  (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  5. Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Fyns Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  6. Marden, Duane. "Rollercoaster  (Future World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  7. Marden, Duane. "Traumlandbahn  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  8. Marden, Duane. "Münchner Bahn  (Beekse Bergen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  9. Marden, Duane. "Jet-Star II  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  10. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  11. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  12. Marden, Duane. "Big Bend  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  13. Marden, Duane. "Big Bend  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  14. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin'  (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  15. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin'  (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  16. Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train  (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  17. Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  18. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  19. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Serengeti Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  20. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (All Star Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  21. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Gillian's Wonderland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  22. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  23. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Beto Carrero World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  24. Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  25. Marden, Duane. "Düsenspirale  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  26. Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  27. Marden, Duane. "WildCat  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  28. Marden, Duane. "Skovtrolden  (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  29. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  30. Marden, Duane. "7 Picos  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  31. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  32. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  33. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  34. Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  35. Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  36. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  37. Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Kölner Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  38. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Fantasy Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  39. Marden, Duane. "Super Big Gulp  (Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  40. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  41. Marden, Duane. "Schussboomer  (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  42. Marden, Duane. "Gebirgsbahn  (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  43. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  44. Marden, Duane. "Jet 400  (Jolly Roger at the Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  45. Marden, Duane. "Whizzer  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  46. Marden, Duane. "Whizzer  (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  47. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  48. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Riverfront Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  49. Marden, Duane. "Achtbaan  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  50. Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  51. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  52. Marden, Duane. "New Revolution  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  53. Marden, Duane. "Jet Set  (Funtown Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  54. Marden, Duane. "Sooperdooperlooper  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  55. Marden, Duane. "Grand Canyon Bahn  (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  56. Marden, Duane. "Screamin' Demon  (Poconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  57. Marden, Duane. "Wild Rider  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  58. Marden, Duane. "Mind Bender  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  59. Marden, Duane. "Shock Wave  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  60. Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenege  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  61. Marden, Duane. "City Jet  (Kid's World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  62. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  63. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  64. Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  65. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Yokohama Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  66. Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  67. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  68. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Steeplechase Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  69. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Särkänniemi Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  70. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  71. Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  72. Marden, Duane. "Nessie Superrollercoaster  (Hansa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  73. Marden, Duane. "Scorpion  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  74. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Ölands Djur & Nöjespark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  75. Marden, Duane. "Radar  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  76. Marden, Duane. "Oasis Express  (Kuwait Entertainment City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  77. Marden, Duane. "Double Loop  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  78. Marden, Duane. "Psyké Underground  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  79. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  80. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  81. Marden, Duane. "Zyklon  (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  82. Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  83. Marden, Duane. "Aconcagua  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  84. Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  85. Marden, Duane. "Colossus the Fire Dragon  (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  86. Marden, Duane. "Tig'rr Coaster  (Indiana Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  87. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Holiday Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  88. Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Keansburg Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  89. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Atlas Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  90. Marden, Duane. "Mindbender  (Galaxyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  91. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Washington State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  92. Marden, Duane. "Silver Bullet  (Frontier City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  93. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  94. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  95. Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz  (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  96. Marden, Duane. "Black Hole  (Avonturenpark Helendoorn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  97. Marden, Duane. "Raptor Attack  (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  98. Marden, Duane. "Lisebergbanan  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  99. Marden, Duane. "Jetline  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  100. Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  101. Marden, Duane. "Jet Scream  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  102. Marden, Duane. "Golden Loop  (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  103. Marden, Duane. "White Lightnin'  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  104. Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  105. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop  (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  106. Marden, Duane. "Turbo Mountain  (Adventure World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  107. Marden, Duane. "Geronimo  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  108. Marden, Duane. "Speed Bobsleigh  (Nasu Highland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  109. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II  (Hanshin Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  110. Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  111. Marden, Duane. "Lasso Loop  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  112. Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  113. Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Splash Zone Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  114. Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Bosque Mágico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  115. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Magic Landing)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  116. Marden, Duane. "Mountain Express  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  117. Marden, Duane. "Cascabel 2.0  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  118. Marden, Duane. "Laser Loop  (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  119. Marden, Duane. "Coleoz'Arbres  (Bagatelle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  120. Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  121. Marden, Duane. "Cannonball Express  (Pleasurewood Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  122. Marden, Duane. "Super Figure Eight  (Funland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  123. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo 5  (Meli Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  124. Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Sandspit Cavendish Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  125. Marden, Duane. "Cyclone  (Rocky Point Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  126. Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  127. Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon  (Great Escape)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  128. Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Phantom Cave  (Six Flags Darien Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  129. Marden, Duane. "Starchaser  (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  130. Marden, Duane. "Starchaser  (Beech Bend)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  131. Marden, Duane. "Katapul  (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  132. Marden, Duane. "Thunderlooper  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  133. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  134. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  135. Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa  (Parque Del Café)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  136. Marden, Duane. "Zambezi Zinger  (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  137. Marden, Duane. "Comet II  (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  138. Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes  (Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  139. Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes  (La Ronde)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  140. Marden, Duane. "Nostalgische Achterbahn  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  141. Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn  (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  142. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Luna Park La Palmyre)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  143. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  144. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  145. Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Selvia Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  146. Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  147. Marden, Duane. "Glissade  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  148. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Vaikų Pasaulis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  149. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2  (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  150. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Xinghai Square)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  151. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin'  (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  152. Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  153. Marden, Duane. "Tidal Wave  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  154. Marden, Duane. "Alpina Bobs  (Holly Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  155. Marden, Duane. "Cortina Bob  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  156. Marden, Duane. "Big Roller Coaster  (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  157. Marden, Duane. "Andalusia Railroad  (Kure Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  158. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  159. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Amigoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  160. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  161. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Fun Park Fyn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  162. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Joyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  163. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin'  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  164. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49868179
  165. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/29/world/mexico-roller-coaster-derails-two-dead/index.html
  166. Marden, Duane. "Quimera  (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  167. Marden, Duane. "Magnum Force  (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  168. Marden, Duane. "Triple Loop Coaster  (Sunway Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  169. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Adventure Park USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  170. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Williams Grove Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  171. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  172. Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat  (Playland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  173. Marden, Duane. "Die Wildkatze  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  174. Marden, Duane. "Knightmare  (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  175. Marden, Duane. "BMRX  (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  176. Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz  (Queens Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  177. Marden, Duane. "Avalanche  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  178. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Bell's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  179. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster  (Lazarevskoye Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  180. Marden, Duane. "Ripper  (Thrill-Ville USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  181. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  182. Marden, Duane. "Tsunami  (Isla San Marcos Parque Temático)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  183. Marden, Duane. "Zonga  (Six Flags Discovery Knigdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  184. Marden, Duane. "Texas Tornado  (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  185. Marden, Duane. "Thriller  (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  186. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  187. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  188. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star  (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  189. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3  (Lunapark Robland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  190. Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3  (Parken Zoo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  191. Marden, Duane. "Tornado  (Salitre Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  192. Marden, Duane. "Space Mountain  (Divertido)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  193. Marden, Duane. "New Beast  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  194. Marden, Duane. "Vertigo  (Zoomarine)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  195. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Luneur Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  196. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Plutón Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  197. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  198. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  199. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Southport Pleasureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  200. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Freizeitpark Kirchhorst)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  201. Marden, Duane. "Brontojet  (Movieland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  202. Marden, Duane. "Slitherin'  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  203. Marden, Duane. "Viper  (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  204. Marden, Duane. "Gwazi  (Lion Park Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  205. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Holnemvolt Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  206. Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop Express  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  207. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  208. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (North Georgia State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  209. Marden, Duane. "Rocket  (Furuvik)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  210. Marden, Duane. "Black Hole  (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  211. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Rand Show)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  212. Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  213. Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  214. Marden, Duane. "Frozen  (Sokolniki Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  215. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Central Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  216. Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  217. Marden, Duane. "Super 8  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  218. Marden, Duane. "Bullet  (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  219. Marden, Duane. "Bullet  (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  220. Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping  (Boardwalk and Baseball)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  221. Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  222. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (City Games)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  223. Marden, Duane. "Death Train  (Marah Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  224. Marden, Duane. "Katapult  (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  225. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  226. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  227. Marden, Duane. "Unknown  (Beoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  228. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Malmö Folkets Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  229. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Palace Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  230. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  231. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  232. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  233. Marden, Duane. "Rails  (Valleyfair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  234. Marden, Duane. "Wildcat  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  235. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Ita Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  236. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  237. Marden, Duane. "Lisebergs Loopen  (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  238. Marden, Duane. "Big Blue  (Fun Park Mirnovec)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  239. Marden, Duane. "Twist and Shout  (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  240. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  241. Marden, Duane. "Tower of Terror  (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  242. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  243. Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil  (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  244. Marden, Duane. "Circuit Bobsleigh  (Parc de la Vallée)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  245. Marden, Duane. "Bobsleigh  (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  246. Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet  (Drayton Manor)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  247. Marden, Duane. "Alpen-Coaster  (Zoo Safaripark Stukenbrock)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  248. Marden, Duane. "Himalayabahn  (Schwaben Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  249. Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  250. Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  251. Marden, Duane. "Looping Star  (Parko Paliatso Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  252. Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop  (Attractiepark Slagharen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  253. Marden, Duane. "Jet  (Babyland-Amiland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  254. Marden, Duane. "Teststrecke  (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  255. Marden, Duane. "Laser  (Dorney Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  256. Marden, Duane. "Colossus  (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
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