Anton Schwarzkopf
Anton Schwarzkopf (8 July 1924 – 30 July 2001) was a German engineer of amusement rides, and founder of the Schwarzkopf Industries Company, which built numerous amusement rides and large roller coasters for both amusement parks and traveling funfairs.
Anton Schwarzkopf | |
---|---|
Born | [1] | July 8, 1924
Died | July 30, 2001 77)[1] | (aged
Nationality | German |
Occupation | President, Schwarzkopf Industries GmbH |
Years active | 1954–1995 |
Known for | Designing roller coasters |
Notable work | Revolution, Shockwave, The Mindbender, Olympia Looping, Whizzer, Shuttle Loop |
Early years
Anton Schwarzkopf was introduced into the industry with his father's involvement with the design of specialized trailers used to transport circus equipment. Around 1954, the company transitioned into creating amusement rides.
Career
In 1957, Anton Schwarzkopf built his first attraction, the Düsenspirale, a roller coaster that traveled around Germany with funfair showman Löffelhardt. In 1960, he took over his father's company, leading to the creation of his first full scale steel roller coaster, The Wildcat, in 1964. In 1970, the first Jet Star II was built for German showman Rick. This ride was the first of many built by the company to feature an electric spiral lift hill. But 1976, Schwarzkopf, along with ride engineer Werner Stengel, created one of their most ground breaking attractions, the famous Revolution roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in California, the first steel roller coaster ever fitted with a vertical loop. This led to the looping roller coaster becoming one of Schwarzkopf's signature attractions, with a few notable examples following soon after: King Kobra at Kings Dominion in Virginia in 1977, both the world's first Shuttle Loop and launched roller coaster, Shockwave at Six Flags Over Texas in 1978, Schwarzkopf's first double loop roller coaster, and the Looping Star in Germany, the first traveling looping roller coaster, which also opened in 1978.
Schwarzkopf Industries grew rapidly with the vast support of various customers praising the company's creations. Throughout the 1970s and notably the 80s, the company became quite a popular name at carnivals, particularly those in Western Europe, producing a number of extremely large transportable rides during this time, including Alpina Bahn in 1983, Dreier Looping (Roughly "Triple Loop" in English) in 1984, Thriller in 1986, and Olympia Looping (Designed by Schwarzkopf but built by BHS) in 1989, all of which premiered in Germany. Outside of Germany, the company was represented by the Intamin firm, and as a result, many older rides credited to Intamin were actually designed and created by Schwarzkopf. Unfortunately, Anton Schwarzkopf's prowess as a businessman was relatively lacking, and his company suffered through several bankruptcies, resulting in the scrapping of many designs and deals with parks. Thriller was the last ride to built by the company before it shut in the mid-late 80's, with portions of the ride being completed by BHS, who, along with Zierer, constructed a few Schwarzkopf designs in the late 80's, including the Bavarian Mountain Railroad roller coasters and the before mentioned Olympia Looping.
Although Schwarzkopf is most famous for roller coasters, the company also produced a number of popular flat rides, including the Bayern Kurve, the Enterprise, and the Monster.
Anton Schwarzkopf retired from the industry in 1995, and died on 30 July 2001, after suffering from Parkinson's disease for many years.
Legacy
There are a number of notable people from the amusement industry who have either worked with or have relations to Anton Schwarzkopf. His brother, Franz Schwarzkopf, was also a ride designer at around the same time as Anton, and designed many staples of the both amusement parks and carnivals alike, such as the Wave Swinger. Anton's son Wieland Schwarzkopf became involved with the industry as well, starting out at Schwarzkopf and later starting his own business in 1984. Wieland's company mostly provided parts and services for his father's rides, but had a few of its own attractions, such as the Sound Factory, a short-lived version of the popular Monster ride with looping cars. Werner Stengel got his start with the Schwarzkopf company and later went on to become one of the most prestigious designers of roller coasters and amusement rides. He was still heavily involved with most of Schwarzkopf's attractions. Hubert Gerstlauer, founder and namesake of Gerstlauer Amuesment Rides GmbH, was an employee of Schwarzkopf before starting his own company in 1982. Gerstlauer's manufacturing is still done at the former Schwarzkopf facility in Münsterhausen, Bavaria.
Despite their age and shrinking numbers, Schwarzkopf rides are still very popular with both guests and operators alike. Many Schwarzkopf attractions have become icons of the parks they are located at, such as Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain and Whizzer at Six Flags Great America, both of which have received the American Coaster Enthusiasts "Coaster Landmark" award. Roller coaster enthusiasts often praise Schwarzkopf roller coasters for their smoothness, notable intensity (often thanks to the more circular loop design, which, at certain points, can often exert well over 5, if not sometimes 6, Gs of force on the rider), and overall beauty.
List of roller coasters
As of 2019, Schwarzkopf has built 149 roller coasters around the world.[2]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JetStar | Jet Star | Parque de la Ciudad | Unknown | Removed | [3] | |
Katapulta | Katapult | Selva Mágica | Unknown | Removed | [4] | |
Super 8 | Wildcat 54m | Fyns Tivoli | Unknown | Removed | [5] | |
Rollercoaster Formerly Traumlandbahn Formerly Münchner Bahn | Münchner Bahn | Future World Movie Park Germany Beekse Bergen | Unknown 1987 to 1991 | Removed | [6] [7] [8] | |
Jet-Star II | Jet Star 2 | Wiener Prater | Unknown | Removed | [9] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Six Flags Great Adventure Canadian National Exhibition | Unknown | Removed | [10] [11] | |
Big Bend | Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet | Six Flags St. Louis Six Flags Over Texas | Unknown 1971 to 1979 | Removed | [12] [13] | |
Greased Lightnin' Formerly Tidal Wave | Shuttle Loop | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom California's Great America | Unknown 1977 to 2002 | Removed | [14] [15] | |
Runaway Train | Alpenblitz II | Ocean Beach Amusement Park | Unknown | Removed | [16] | |
Alpenblitz | Alpenblitz II | Gorky Park | Unknown | Removed | [17] | |
City Jet | City Jet / Jet 400 | Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park | Unknown | Removed | [18] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Serengeti Park | Unknown | Removed | [19] | |
City Jet | City Jet / Jet 400 | All Star Adventures Gillian's Wonderland Pier Steel Pier | Unknown 1976 to 2004 Unknown | Removed | [20] [21] [22] | |
Unknown Formerly Tornado | Jet Star 2 | Beto Carrero World Playcenter São Paulo | Unknown 1982 | Removed | [23] [24] | |
Düsenspirale | Unknown | Wiener Prater | 1964 | Removed | [25] | |
Super 8 | Wildcat 65m | Liseberg | 1966 | Removed | [26] | |
WildCat | Wildcat 65m | Six Flags New England | 1968 | Removed | [27] | |
Skovtrolden | Unknown | Tivoli Gardens | 1969 | Removed | [28] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Palisades Amusement Park | 1969 | Removed | [29] | |
7 Picos | Wildcat 54m | Parque de Atracciones de Madrid | 1969 | Removed | [30] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Casino Pier | 1970 | Removed | [31] | |
Jet Star | City Jet / Jet 400 | Drievliet | 1970 | Removed | [32] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Parque de Atracciones de Madrid | 1970 | Removed | [33] | |
Wild Cat | Wildcat 45m | Luna Park | 1970 | Removed | [34] | |
Achterbahn | Wildcat 65m | Spreepark | 1970 | Removed | [35] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Great Adventure Amusement Park | 1971 | Removed | [36] | |
Super 8 | Wildcat 65m | Kölner Tivoli | 1971 | Removed | [37] | |
Wildcat | Wildcat 54m | Fantasy Island | 1972 | Removed | [38] | |
Super Big Gulp | Jet Star 2 | Playland | 1972 | Removed | [39] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Great Adventure Amusement Park | 1973 | Removed | [40] | |
Schussboomer | Wildcat 54m | Worlds of Fun | 1973 | Removed | [41] | |
Gebirgsbahn Formerly Bob 1 Formerly Bobbahn 1 | Unknown | Phantasialand | 1975 | Removed | [42] | |
City Jet | City Jet / Jet 400 | Morey's Piers | 1975 | Removed | [43] | |
Jet 400 | City Jet / Jet 400 | Jolly Roger at the Pier | 1975 | Removed | [44] | |
Whizzer Formerly Willard's Whizzer | Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet | Six Flags Great America | 1976 | Operating | [45] | |
Whizzer Formerly Willard's Whizzer | Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet | California's Great America | 1976 | Removed | [46] | |
Jet Star 2 | Jet Star 2 | Lagoon Riverfront Park | 1976 1974 | Operating | [47] [48] | |
Achtbaan | Wildcat 45m | Bobbejaanland | 1976 | Removed | [49] | |
Alpen Blitz | Alpenblitz II | Six Flags Great Adventure | 1976 | Removed | [50] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Morey's Piers | 1976 | Removed | [51] | |
New Revolution Formerly Revolution Formerly La Revolución Formerly Great American Revolution | Unknown | Six Flags Magic Mountain | 1976 | Operating | [52] | |
Jet Set | Jet Star | Funtown Pier | 1977 | Removed | [53] | |
SooperDooperLooper | Looping Speedracer | Hersheypark | 1977 | Operating | [54] | |
Grand Canyon Bahn | Alpenblitz II | Phantasialand | 1978 | Removed | [55] | |
Screamin' Demon | Wildcat 54m | Poconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls | 1978 | Removed | [56] | |
Wild Rider | Wildcat 54m | Six Flags Great Adventure | 1978 | Removed | [57] | |
Mind Bender | Unknown | Six Flags Over Georgia | 1978 | Operating | [58] | |
Shock Wave | Unknown | Six Flags Over Texas | 1978 | Operating | [59] | |
Montezooma's Revenge | Shuttle Loop | Knott's Berry Farm | 1978 | Operating | [60] | |
City Jet | City Jet / Jet 400 | Kid's World | 1978 | Removed | [61] | |
Wildcat | Wildcat 65m | Cedar Point | 1979 | Removed | [62] | |
Looping Star | Looping Star | Bobbejaanland | 1979 | Removed | [63] | |
Alpenblitz | Alpenblitz II | Bobbejaanland | 1979 | Removed | [64] | |
Shuttle Loop | Shuttle Loop | Yokohama Dreamland | 1979 | Removed | [65] | |
Achterbahn | Wildcat 45m | Spreepark | 1979 | Removed | [66] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Coney Island Steeplechase Park | 1980 1972 to 1979 | Removed | [67] [68] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Särkänniemi Amusement Park | 1980 | Removed | [69] | |
Shuttle Loop | Shuttle Loop | Nagashima Spa Land | 1980 | Operating | [70] | |
Katapult | Katapult | Morey's Piers | 1980 | Removed | [71] | |
Nessie | Looping Racer | Hansa Park | 1980 | Operating | [72] | |
Scorpion | Silverarrow | Busch Gardens Tampa | 1980 | Operating | [73] | |
Jumbo Jet Formerly Radar | Wildcat 54m | Ölands Djur & Nöjespark Gröna Lund | 1981 1965 to 1981 | Removed | [74] [75] | |
Oasis Express | Unknown | Kuwait Entertainment City | 1981 | Closed | [76] | |
Double Loop | Unknown | Kobe Portopialand | 1981 | Removed | [77] | |
Psyké Underground Formerly Turbine Formerly Sirocco | Shuttle Loop | Walibi Belgium | 1982 | Operating | [78] | |
Looping Star | Looping Star | Nagashima Spa Land | 1982 | Operating | [79] | |
Jet Star II | Jet Star 2 | Gröna Lund | 1982 | Removed | [80] | |
Zyklon | City Jet / Jet 400 | Gardaland | 1982 | Removed | [81] | |
Wild Cat | Wildcat 54m | Parque de la Ciudad | 1982 | Removed | [82] | |
Aconcagua | Unknown | Parque de la Ciudad | 1983 | Removed | [83] | |
Alpen Blitz | Alpenblitz II | Parque de la Ciudad | 1983 | Removed | [84] | |
Colossus the Fire Dragon | Double Looping | Lagoon | 1983 | Operating | [85] | |
Tig'rr Coaster Formerly Jet Star | Jet Star | Indiana Beach Holiday Beach | 1984 1976 to 1983 | Operating | [86] [87] | |
Wild Cat | Wildcat 65m | Keansburg Amusement Park | 1984 | Removed | [88] | |
Jet Star | Unknown | Atlas Park | 1984 | Removed | [89] | |
Mindbender | Unknown | Galaxyland Amusement Park | 1985 | Operating | [90] | |
Wildcat | Wildcat 65m | Washington State Fair | 1985 | Operating | [91] | |
Silver Bullet Formerly Looping Star | Looping Star | Frontier City Jolly Roger Amusement Park State Fair of Texas | 1986 1984 to 1985 1980 to 1983 | Operating | [92] [93] [94] | |
Alpenblitz | Alpenblitz II | Movie Park Germany | 1986 | Removed | [95] | |
Black Hole | Jet Star | Avonturenpark Hellendoorn | 1986 | Removed | [96] | |
Raptor Attack Formerly Rat Ride | Wildcat 45m | Lightwater Valley | 1987 | Operating | [97] | |
Lisebergbanan | Unknown | Liseberg | 1987 | Operating | [98] | |
Jetline Formerly Berg- och Dalbanan | Unknown | Gröna Lund | 1988 | Operating | [99] | |
Viper Formerly Jet Scream | Looping Star | Six Flags AstroWorld Six Flags St. Louis | 1989 1981 to 1988 | Removed | [100] [101] | |
Golden Loop Formerly White Lightnin' | Shuttle Loop | Gold Reef City Carowinds | 1989 1977 to 1988 | Operating | [102] [103] | |
Alpen Blitz | Alpenblitz II | Playcenter São Paulo | 1989 | Removed | [104] | |
Shuttle Loop | Shuttle Loop | Oyama Yuenchi | 1990 | Removed | [105] | |
Turbo Mountain Formerly Geronimo | Jet Star 2 | Adventure World Luna Park | 1991 1982 to 1988 | Removed | [106] [107] | |
Speed Bobsleigh Formerly Jet Star II | Jet Star 2 | Nasu Highland Park Hanshin Park | 1992 1977 to 1979 | Removed | [108] [109] | |
Katapult | Katapult | Linnanmäki | 1992 | Removed | [110] | |
Lasso Loop Formerly Katapult | Katapult | OK Corral Parque de Atracciones de Madrid Splash Zone Water Park | 1993 1990 to 1993 1985 to 1989 | Removed | [111] [112] [113] | |
Montaña Rusa Formerly Wildcat Formerly Mountain Express | Wildcat 65m | Bosque Mágico Magic Landing Six Flags Magic Mountain | 1993 1984 to 1990 1973 to 1982 | Removed | [114] [115] [116] | |
Cascabel 2.0 Formerly Cascabel Formerly Laser Loop | Shuttle Loop | La Feria Chapultepec Magico Kennywood | 1994 1980 to 1990 | Closed | [117] [118] | |
Coleoz'Arbres Formerly Jet Star | Jet Star | Bagatelle | 1994 | Removed | [119] | |
Montanha Russa | Wildcat 54m | Mirabilandia | 1994 | Removed | [120] | |
Cannonball Express Formerly Enigma Formerly Super Figure Eight Formerly Jumbo 5 | Jumbo V | Pleasurewood Hills Funland Park Meli Park | 1995 late 80s to 1995 1984 to late 80s | Operating | [121] [122] [123] | |
Cyclone | Wildcat 54m | Sandspit Cavendish Beach Rocky Point Park | 1996 1984 to 1995 | Operating | [124] [125] | |
Silberpfeil | Katapult | Skyline Park | 1997 | Removed | [126] | |
Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon Formerly Nightmare at Phantom Cave Formerly Starchaser | Jet Star | Great Escape Six Flags Darien Lake Kentucky Kingdom Beech Bend | 1999 1996 to 1998 1987 to 1995 Unknown | Removed | [127] [128] [129] [130] | |
Katapul Formerly Thunderlooper Formerly King Kobra | Shuttle Loop | Hopi Hari Alton Towers Jolly Roger Amusement Park Kings Dominion | 1999 1990 to 1996 1987 to 1989 1977 to 1986 | Operating | [131] [132] [133] [134] | |
Montaña Rusa Formerly Zambezi Zinger | Speed Racer / Extended Jumbo Jet | Parque Del Café Worlds of Fun | 1999 1973 to 1997 | Operating | [135] [136] | |
Comet II Formerly Montagnes Russes | Wildcat 65m | State Fair of Texas Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park La Ronde | 1999 1985 to 1996 1967 to 1984 | Removed | [137] [138] [139] | |
Nostalgische Achterbahn Formerly Achterbahn | Wildcat 65m | Skyline Park | 1999 | Operating | [140] & [141] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Luna Park La Palmyre Morey's Piers Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort | 2000 1993 to 1999 1977 to 1992 | Operating | [142] [143] [144] | |
Tornado Formerly Glissade | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Selva Mágica La Feria Chapultepec Magico Busch Gardens Williamsburg | 2002 1993 to 2001 1975 to 1985 | Operating | [145] [146] [147] | |
Jet Star 2 | Jet Star 2 | Vaikų Pasaulis Gorky Park | 2002 | Closed | [148] [149] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Xinghai Square | 2003 | Removed | [150] | |
Greezed Lightnin' Formerly Viper Formerly Tidal Wave | Shuttle Loop | Kentucky Kingdom Six Flags Over Georgia Six Flags Great America | 2003 1995 to 2001 1978 to 1991 | Removed | [151] [152] [153] | |
Alpina Bobs Formerly Cortina Bob | Jet Star | Holly Park Wiener Prater | 2003 1969 to 1993 | Removed | [154] [155] | |
Big Roller Coaster Formerly Andalusia Railroad | Unknown | Wonder Island Kure Portopialand | 2004 1991 to 1997 | Operating | [156] [157] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Luna Park | 2004 | Removed | [158] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Amigoland Walibi Belgium | 2005 1978 to 1991 | Operating | [159] [160] | |
Unknown | Wildcat Unknown | Fun Park Fyn | 2005 | In storage | [161] | |
Unknown Formerly Greezed Lightnin' | Shuttle Loop | Joyland Amusement Park Six Flags AstroWorld | 2006 1978 to 2005 | In storage | [162] [163] | |
Quimera Formerly Montaña Triple Loop Formerly Montaña Infinitum Formerly Magnum Force Formerly Triple Loop Coaster | Unknown | La Feria Chapultepec Magico Flamingo Land Sunway Lagoon | 2007 2000 to 2005 1997 to 1999 | Closed | [164] & [165] [166] [167] [168] | |
Wildcat Wild Cat Formerly Die Wildkatze | Wildcat 54m | Adventure Park USA Williams Grove Amusement Park Steel Pier Playland Park Busch Gardens Williamsburg | 2007 2001 to 2005 1994 to 1999 1984 to 1991 1976 to 1983 | Operating | [169] [170] [171] [172] [173] | |
Knightmare Formerly BMRX Formerly Bavarian Mountain Railroad | Unknown | Camelot Theme Park Kobe Portopialand | 2007 1987 to 2006 | Removed | [174] [175] | |
Alpen Blitz | Alpenblitz II | Queens Land | 2007 | Operating | [176] | |
Avalanche Formerly Wildcat | Wildcat 54m | Jolly Roger Amusement Park Bell's Amusement Park | 2008 1974 to 1997 | Removed | [177] [178] | |
Roller Coaster Formerly Ripper Formerly Jet Star | Jet Star | Lazarevskoye Park Thrill-Ville USA Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk | 2008 1993 to 2007 1972 to 1991 | Operating | [179] [180] [181] | |
Tsunami Formerly Zonga Formerly Texas Tornado Formerly Taz's Texas Tornado Formerly Thriller | Unknown | Isla San Marcos Parque Temático Six Flags Discovery Kingdom Six Flags AstroWorld Gröna Lund | 2008 2003 to 2004 1998 to 2000 1996 | In storage | [182] [183] [184] [185] | |
Jet Star | Jet Star | Aventura Park Aventura Park Spreepark | 2009 2002 to 2008 1970 to 2001 | Removed | [186] [187] [188] | |
Jet Star 3 | Jet Star 2 | Lunapark Robland Parken Zoo | 2009 2001 to 2008 | Operating | [189] [190] | |
Tornado Formerly Space Mountain Formerly New Beast Formerly Alton Beast | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Salitre Magico Divertido Alton Towers | 2010 1998 to 2004 1992 to 1997 | Removed | [191] [192] [193] | |
Vertigo Formerly Looping Star | Looping Star | Zoomarine Luneur Park Plutón Park Parque de Atracciones de Madrid OK Corral Southport Pleasureland Freizeitpark Kirchhorst | 2010 2002 to 2007 2000 to 2001 1992 to 1998 1988 to 1991 1985 to 1987 1979 to 1984 | Operating | [194] [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] | |
Brontojet Formerly Slitherin' Formerly Viper | City Jet / Jet 400 | Movieland Park Loudoun Castle Lightwater Valley | 2010 2002 to 2004 1996 to 2001 | Operating | [201] [202] [203] | |
Gwazi Formerly Looping Star Formerly Thunder Loop Express | Looping Star | Lion Park Resort Holnemvolt Park Loudoun Castle Dreamland | 2011 2001 to 2009 1995 to 1998 | Operating | [204] [205] [206] [207] | |
Wildcat | Wildcat 65m | North Georgia State Fair | 2011 | Operating | [208] | |
Rocket Formerly Black Hole Formerly Black Hole II Formerly New Black Hole | Jet Star 2 | Furuvik Alton Towers | 2011 1983 to 2005 | Operating | [209] [210] | |
Looping Star | Silverarrow | Rand Show | 2012 | Operating | [211] | |
Frozen | City Jet / Jet 400 | Attrapark Attrapark Sokolniki Park | 2013 2010 to 2013 2003 to 20110 | Removed | [212] [213] [214] | |
Roller Coaster Formerly Super 8 | Wildcat 54m | Central Park Chelyuskintsev Park Chelyuskintsev Park | 2013 2009 to 2012 1974 to 2008 | Operating | [215] [216] [217] | |
Bullet Formerly Wiener Looping | Shuttle Loop | Selva Mágica Flamingo Land Boardwalk and Baseball Wiener Prater | 2013 1991 to 2005 1984 to 1990 1982 | Operating | [218] [219] [220] [221] | |
Unknown | Wildcat 54m | City Games | 2013 | Operating | [222] | |
Death Train Formerly Katapult | Katapult | Marah Land Mirabilandia | 2016 2006 | Closed | [223] [224] | |
Jumbo Jet | Jet Star 3 / Jumbo Jet | Chelyuskintsev Park Dreamland Beoland Malmö Folkets Park Palace Playland Cedar Point | 2015 2010 to 2014 2003 to 2006 1985 to 1989 Unknown 1972 to 1978 | Operating | [225] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] | |
Wildcat Formerly Rails Formerly Wild Rails | Wildcat 65m | Jolly Roger Amusement Park Valleyfair Cedar Point | 2015 1999 to 2001 1979 to 1998 1970 to 1978 | Operating | [231] & [232] [233] [234] | |
Looping Star Formerly Lisebergs Loopen | Looping Star | Ita Park Playcenter São Paulo Liseberg | 2016 1996 to 2012 1980 to 1995 | Operating | [235] [236] [237] | |
Big Blue Formerly Twist and Shout Formerly Looping Star Formerly Tower of Terror Silberpfeil | Silverarrow | Fun Park Mirnovec Loudoun Castle Dreamland Camelot Theme Park Ocean Beach Amusement Park OK Corral | 2017 2003 to 2010 2001 to 2002 1989 to 2000 1986 to 1988 1980 to 1985 | Operating | [238] [239] [240] [241] [242] [243] | |
Bobsleigh Formerly Course De Bobsleigh Formerly Jumbo Jet | City Jet / Jet 400 | Parc de la Vallée Nigloland Drayton Manor | 2018 1995 to 2017 1981 to 1983 | Operating | [244] [245] [246] | |
Alpen-Coaster Formerly Himalayabahn | Wildcat 54m | Zoo Safaripark Stukenbrock Schwaben Park | 2018 1989 to 2015 | Removed | [247] [248] | |
Olympia Looping | Unknown | Wiener Prater Wiener Prater | 2018 2016 | Removed | [249] [250] | |
Looping Star Formerly Thunder Loop Formerly Looping Star Formerly Superachtbaan Looping Star | Looping Star | Parko Paliatso Luna Park Attractiepark Slagharen | 2018 1979 to 2016 | Operating | [251] [252] | |
Jet | Jet Star | Babyland-Amiland | 2019 | Closed | [253] | |
Teststrecke Formerly Laser Formerly Colossus | Double Looping | Wiener Prater Dorney Park Playcenter São Paulo | 2019 1986 to 2008 1981 to 1986 | Removed | [254] [255] [256] |
List of other attractions
- Giant wheel - a 41.5-meter Ferris Wheel at Six Flags Great Adventure and Cedar Point.
- Orbit (Enterprise) - Six Flags Great America, formerly the Orleans Orbit upon opening of Marriott's Great America. Operated from 1976 to 2016.
- Orbit (Enterprise) - California's Great America.
- Wheelie (Enterprise) - Six Flags Over Georgia, Operated from 1977-2012. Removed to make room for SkyScreamer, Now at Funspot in Orlando.
- Enterprise - Attractiepark Slagharren.
- Bayern Kurve - Kennywood.
- Berserker (Bayern Kurve) - California's Great America.
- Centrifuge (Calypso III) - California's Great America.
- Fiddler's Fling (Calypso III) - Six Flags Great America.
- The Lobster (Monster III) - Six Flags Great America.
- A Shuttleboat ride (name?) at Bobbejaanland, defunct.
- Apollo (Apollo 14) - Attractiepark Slagharren, one of two originally built at the park, both were converted to swing rides at some point and one of the sides ended up at Loudoun Castle.
- Octopus (Monster II) - Attractiepark Slagharren.
- Sky Tower (Zepplin II) - Attractiepark Slagharren, later converted into an observation tower.
- Monorail - Attractiepark Slagharren.
- Riesenrad (Ferris Wheel 50m) - Famous Oktoberfest Ferris Wheel, owned by showman Willenborg.
References
- Pantenburg, Michael. "Schwarzkopf Coaster Net". Retrieved August 11, 2016.
- Schwarzkopf - rcdb.com
- Marden, Duane. "JetStar (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapulta (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super 8 (Fyns Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Rollercoaster (Future World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Traumlandbahn (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Münchner Bahn (Beekse Bergen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet-Star II (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Canadian National Exhibition)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Big Bend (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Big Bend (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Runaway Train (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (Shaheen's Fun-O-Rama Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Serengeti Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (All Star Adventures)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (Gillian's Wonderland Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Beto Carrero World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tornado (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Düsenspirale (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super 8 (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "WildCat (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Skovtrolden (Tivoli Gardens)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Palisades Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "7 Picos (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Casino Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Drievliet)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super 8 (Kölner Tivoli)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Fantasy Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super Big Gulp (Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Great Adventure Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Schussboomer (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Gebirgsbahn (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet 400 (Jolly Roger at the Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Whizzer (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Whizzer (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2 (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2 (Riverfront Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Achtbaan (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "New Revolution (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Set (Funtown Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Sooperdooperlooper (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Grand Canyon Bahn (Phantasialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Screamin' Demon (Poconos' Magic Valley and Winona Five Falls)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wild Rider (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Mind Bender (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Shock Wave (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenege (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "City Jet (Kid's World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz (Bobbejaanland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Yokohama Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Coney Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Steeplechase Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Särkänniemi Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapult (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Nessie Superrollercoaster (Hansa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Scorpion (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Ölands Djur & Nöjespark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Radar (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Oasis Express (Kuwait Entertainment City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Double Loop (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Psyké Underground (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Zyklon (Gardaland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Aconcagua (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz (Parque de la Ciudad)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Colossus the Fire Dragon (Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tig'rr Coaster (Indiana Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Holiday Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat (Keansburg Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Atlas Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Mindbender (Galaxyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Washington State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Silver Bullet (Frontier City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpenblitz (Movie Park Germany)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Black Hole (Avonturenpark Helendoorn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Raptor Attack (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Lisebergbanan (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jetline (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Viper (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Scream (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Golden Loop (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "White Lightnin' (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Turbo Mountain (Adventure World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Geronimo (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Speed Bobsleigh (Nasu Highland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star II (Hanshin Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapult (Linnanmäki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Lasso Loop (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapult (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapult (Splash Zone Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa (Bosque Mágico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Magic Landing)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Mountain Express (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Cascabel 2.0 (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Laser Loop (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Coleoz'Arbres (Bagatelle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montanha Russa (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Cannonball Express (Pleasurewood Hills)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super Figure Eight (Funland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo 5 (Meli Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Cyclone (Sandspit Cavendish Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Cyclone (Rocky Point Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon (Great Escape)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Nightmare at Phantom Cave (Six Flags Darien Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Starchaser (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Starchaser (Beech Bend)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapul (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Thunderlooper (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa (Parque Del Café)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Zambezi Zinger (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Comet II (State Fair of Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes (Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Montagnes Russes (La Ronde)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Nostalgische Achterbahn (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Achterbahn (Skyline Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Luna Park La Palmyre)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Morey's Piers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Knoebels Amusement Park & Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tornado (Selvia Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tornado (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Glissade (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2 (Vaikų Pasaulis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 2 (Gorky Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Xinghai Square)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Viper (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tidal Wave (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpina Bobs (Holly Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Cortina Bob (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Big Roller Coaster (Wonder Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Andalusia Railroad (Kure Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Amigoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Fun Park Fyn)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Joyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49868179
- https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/29/world/mexico-roller-coaster-derails-two-dead/index.html
- Marden, Duane. "Quimera (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Magnum Force (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Triple Loop Coaster (Sunway Lagoon)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Adventure Park USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Williams Grove Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Steel Pier)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wild Cat (Playland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Die Wildkatze (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Knightmare (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "BMRX (Kobe Portopialand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpen Blitz (Queens Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Avalanche (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Bell's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster (Lazarevskoye Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Ripper (Thrill-Ville USA)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tsunami (Isla San Marcos Parque Temático)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Zonga (Six Flags Discovery Knigdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Texas Tornado (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Thriller (Gröna Lund)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Aventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star (Spreepark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3 (Lunapark Robland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet Star 3 (Parken Zoo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tornado (Salitre Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Space Mountain (Divertido)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "New Beast (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Vertigo (Zoomarine)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Luneur Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Plutón Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Southport Pleasureland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Freizeitpark Kirchhorst)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Brontojet (Movieland Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Slitherin' (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Viper (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Gwazi (Lion Park Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Holnemvolt Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop Express (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (North Georgia State Fair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Rocket (Furuvik)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Black Hole (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Rand Show)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Frozen (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Frozen (Attrapark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Frozen (Sokolniki Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Central Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super 8 (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Super 8 (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Bullet (Selva Mágica)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Bullet (Flamingo Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping (Boardwalk and Baseball)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wiener Looping (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (City Games)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Death Train (Marah Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Katapult (Mirabilandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Chelyuskintsev)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Beoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Malmö Folkets Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Palace Playland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Rails (Valleyfair)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Wildcat (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Ita Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Lisebergs Loopen (Liseberg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Big Blue (Fun Park Mirnovec)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Twist and Shout (Loudoun Castle)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Tower of Terror (Camelot Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Ocean Beach Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Silberpfeil (OK Corral)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Circuit Bobsleigh (Parc de la Vallée)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Bobsleigh (Nigloland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jumbo Jet (Drayton Manor)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Alpen-Coaster (Zoo Safaripark Stukenbrock)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Himalayabahn (Schwaben Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Olympia Looping (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Looping Star (Parko Paliatso Luna Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Thunder Loop (Attractiepark Slagharen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Jet (Babyland-Amiland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Teststrecke (Wiener Prater)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Laser (Dorney Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- Marden, Duane. "Colossus (Playcenter São Paulo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
External links
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