Alexander Macomb House

The Alexander Macomb House (demolished) at 39–41 Broadway in Lower Manhattan, New York City, served as the second U.S. Presidential Mansion. President George Washington occupied it from February 23 to August 30, 1790, during New York City's two-year term as the national capital.

Alexander Macomb House
Second Presidential Mansion,
occupied by George Washington,
February–August 1790.
Former namesMansion House Hotel
Bunker's Mansion House Hotel
General information
Address39-41 Broadway
Town or cityNew York, New York
CountryUnited States
Coordinates40.7063°N 74.0132°W / 40.7063; -74.0132
Construction started1786-88
ClientAlexander Macomb

Alexander Macomb (1748–1831) was an Irish-born American merchant and land speculator. He built the four-story city house on the west side of Broadway in 1786–88. Macomb leased it to the French Minister Plenipotentiary, the Comte de Moustier, who occupied it until his return to Paris in early 1790. President Washington purchased furniture, mirrors and draperies from the departing Minister with his own money, including American-made furniture in the French style. Some of these items survive at Mount Vernon and elsewhere.[1]

The first Presidential Mansion was the Samuel Osgood House at 3 Cherry Street[2] in Manhattan, which Washington occupied from April 23, 1789, to February 23, 1790. He had been living there a week before his April 30, 1789, inauguration as the first President of the United States. The Osgood House (demolished 1856) was in the most congested part of Manhattan, near the port along the East River, and Washington found it cramped for his presidential household. The Macomb House was significantly larger, located in a neighborhood just north of the Bowling Green, with an extraordinary view of the Hudson River out its rear windows.

The Republican Court: Lady Washington's Reception Day by Daniel Huntington (c. 1861). This fanciful painting depicts the Macomb House.[3]

The presidential household functioned with a staff of about 20, composed of wage workers, indentured servants and enslaved servants. Slavery was legal in New York, and Washington brought 7 enslaved Africans from Mount Vernon to work in his presidential household: William Lee, Christopher Sheels, Giles, Paris, Austin, Moll, and Oney Judge.[4]

Two of Martha Washington's grandchildren were part of the First Family: Nelly Custis (born 1779) and "Wash" Custis (born 1781).

Under the July 1790 Residence Act, the national capital moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a 10-year period while the permanent national capital was under construction in the District of Columbia. Washington vacated the Macomb House on August 30, 1790, and returned to Mount Vernon, stopping in Philadelphia to examine what was to become the third Presidential Mansion, the Masters–Penn–Morris House at 190 High Street.

In 1821, the Macomb House was converted into Bunker's Mansion House Hotel: "Bunker's Mansion House, a famous hotel, was situated at No. 39 Broadway, and was a large double-brick house, erected in 1786 by General Alexander Macomb as a residence for himself. It was a most comfortable and well-conducted hotel, and was patronized largely by Southern families. Bunker, who was noted for his affability to his customers, grew rich rapidly, and eventually sold the property and retired from business."[5]

In 1939, the Daughters of the Revolution erected a bronze plaque at 39 Broadway.[6] The house was demolished in 1940.[7]

See also

References
  • At NYC auction in 1787, McComb purchased 19,840 acres in Range 2, Township 6 of the Northwest Territory; see Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 59, Vol. 3, pp. 135–140.
  • Decatur, Stephen Jr., The Private Affairs of George Washington (1933).
  • Miller, Agnes. "The Macomb House: Presidential Mansion". Michigan History, vol. 37 (December 1953): 373–384.
  1. ""Plain for Its Situation" at www.mountvernon.org". Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  2. http://www.mountvernon.org/research-collections/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-residency-in-new-york/
  3. "Mr. Huntington has in his famous painting of the Republican Court made the Macomb home on Broadway the background of his picture. This was a much more commodious house, to which the President and his family removed in the spring of 1790." Anne Hollingsworth Wharton, Salons Colonial and Republican (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1900), p. 52.
  4. Biographical sketches Archived 2010-06-26 at the Wayback Machine from www.ushistory.org
  5. James Grant Wilson, A Memorial History of the City of New York (1893), p. 365.
  6. Site of Second Presidential Mansion from Historical Marker Database.
  7. "A Guide to New York City Residences of Presidents". Star Tribune. June 11, 2017.
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