Adolf von Thadden

Adolf von Thadden (7 July 1921 – 16 July 1996) was a German far-right politician. Born into a leading Pomeranian landowning family (he was born at the noble estate of Gut Trieglaff, near Greifenberg, Pomerania), he was the half-brother of Elisabeth von Thadden, a prominent critic of the National Socialists who was executed by the Third Reich in September 1944.[1]

Adolf von Thadden
President of the National Democratic Party
In office 1967–1971
Preceded by	Friedrich Thielen
Succeeded by	Martin Mussgnug
Member of the Bundestag
In office 15 August 1949 – 6 September 1953
Constituency	Lower Saxony
In office 16 September 1957 – 1959
Constituency	Lower Saxony
Member of the Bundesrat
In office 7 September 1953 – 15 September 1957
Constituency	Lower Saxony
Personal details
Born	(1921-07-07)7 July 1921 Gut Trieglaf, Pomerania, Germany
Died	16 July 1996(1996-07-16) (aged 75) Bad Oeynhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Nationality	German
Political party	National Socialist German Workers' Party (1939–1945) German Right Party (1946–1950) German Empire Party (1950–1964) National Democratic Party (1964–1975)
Relatives	Elisabeth von Thadden (half-sister)
Occupation	Politician, landowner, undercover agent (MI6)
Military service
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Branch/service	Wehrmacht
Years of service	1939–1945
Rank	Lieutenant
Battles/wars	World War II

Early life

Thadden was born into the Thadden family, one of Pomerania's oldest Junker families, with his father a prominent local magistrate.[2] He educated at the gymnasium in Greifenberg[3] and subsequently studied agriculture and economics.[2] On 1 September 1939 he became a member of the National Socialist German Workers Party.[4]

He served as a lieutenant with the Wehrmacht in the Second World War, suffering a number of battle injuries during the conflict.[3] A brigade adjutant in the artillery section, he was captured near the end of the war by Polish forces. Thadden later went to court to sue over rumours that he had collaborated with the Poles during his imprisonment. He was successful in his case.[2]

He escaped captivity in November 1946 and fled to the British Zone of Occupation, finding work with the British Property Control in Göttingen, where he settled.[2]

Political career

After the war, Thadden entered politics as a member of the Deutsche Rechtspartei and its successor the Deutsche Reichspartei.[5] As a member of both, he served as a councilman in Göttingen from 1948 to 1958.[3] Elected to the Bundestag in 1949, he was the second youngest member and was thus addressed by an SPD member as 'Bubi', (a nickname that stuck with him).[3] He became the main writer on the party organ Reichsruf, gaining a reputation both for his demagogy and his extensive use of humour and wit.[2] He remained a Bundestag member to 1953 and again from 1955 to 1959, was a Senator from 1952 to 1958 and a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony from 1956 to 1959.[2]

In the 1950s he was befriended by Winifred Wagner, whose grandson Gottfried Wagner later recalled that

My aunt Friedelind was outraged when my grandmother again slowly blossomed as the first lady of right-wing groups and received political friends such as Edda Goering, Ilse Hess, the former NPD chairman (sic) Adolf von Thadden, Gerdy Troost, the wife of the Nazi architect and friend of Hitler Paul Ludwig Troost, the British fascist leader Oswald Mosley, the Nazi film director Karl Ritter and the racist author and former Senator of the Reich Hans Severus Ziegler."[6]

Having been deputy to leader Wilhelm Meinberg,[2] Thadden became chairman of the Deutsche Reichspartei in 1961[3] and in this position was one of the signatories of the European Declaration at Venice which set up the National Party of Europe. Thadden was personally close to the British Union Movement leader Oswald Mosley, on whose initiative the NPE was founded, and was attracted to his concept of Europe a Nation.[7] He specifically denied any accusations of neo-Nazism levelled at him, arguing that he was a supporter of conservative nationalism.[3] However, he was frequently labelled a neo-Nazi due to his prominent opposition to the notion of any German guilt for the Second World War.[3]

NPD

Thadden played a leading role in formation of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) by merging his party with a number of other rightist groups, including a revived German National People's Party in 1964.[3] He was initially overlooked as leader in favour of Friedrich Thielen of the German Party.[2] Thadden regularly clashed with the more moderate Thielen and both men were involved in several lawsuits against each other, aimed at gaining control of the NPD and ousting their rival from membership.[2]

Thadden was eventually appointed chairman in 1967.[3] He moved the party to the right, bringing in policies such as withdrawal from NATO, a return of Danzig to a united Germany, wide-ranging reform of the constitution and possibly a second Anschluss.[2] In one of his more widely reported activities, Thadden accidentally referred to the party as National Socialists rather than National Democrats in a television interview, something that was frequently brought up by critics who accused Thadden and his party of neo-Nazism.[2] He remained leader until 1971, achieving strong showings in regional elections, although the party failed to gain representation in the Bundestag under his leadership (and have never managed to do so).[8] Although a loyal supporter of his successor, Martin Mussgnug, Thadden eventually left the NPD in 1975 after Gerhard Frey, who had previously been a harsh critic of von Thadden, was appointed Federal Administrator of the party.[9]

He left active politics in 1974 and worked for a construction firm, although he remained as chief editor of the Deutsche Wochenzeitung into the 1980s.[2] He maintained an interest in publishing for several years and was reported as acting on behalf of the Gesellschaft für freie Publizistik, a far-right journalism organisation linked to the NPD in 1981 and 1982.[2]

Death

Thadden died on 16 July 1996, in Bad Oeynhausen, at the age of 75. Since Thadden's death it has been claimed that he was a secret agent of the United Kingdom's external security agency, MI6.[10]

References

1. Echoes from an Unhappy Past, Time, 26 September 1969, retrieved 24 June 2009
2. Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, Simon & Schuster, 1990, p. 387
3. Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopedia of the Third Reich, Wordsworth, 1998, p. 344
4. Bergmann, W. (e.a.) (2009) Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 822
5. R. Eatwell, Fascism: A History, London: Pimlico, 2003, p. 281
6. Gottfried Wagner, Wer nicht mit dem Wolf heult – Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen eines Wagner-Urenkels (Cologne, 1997), p. 69 (quotation translated from the German)
7. Graham Macklin, Very Deeply Dyed in Black, IB Tauris, 2007, p. 90
8. P. Ignazi, Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 67
9. C.P. Blamires, World Fascism – A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 658
10. Neo-Nazi leader 'was MI6 agent', John Hooper, The Guardian, 13 August 2002, retrieved 24 June 2009