A21 road (England)
For other roads with the same name see List of A21 roads.
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| Route information | |
| Length | 63 mi (101 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| Northwest end | London (Lewisham)51.4569°N 0.0135°W |
                         | |
| Southeast end | Hastings50.8611°N 0.5582°E |
| Location | |
| Primary destinations | Bromley Sevenoaks Royal Tunbridge Wells |
| Road network | |
The A21 is a trunk road in Southern England, one of several which connect London and various commuter towns to the south coast. It provides a link to Hastings, East Sussex and parts of Kent. Half of the distance covered is over gently undulating terrain, with some hills and bends. Often traffic is slow-moving, particularly on weekdays on the short single carriageway stretches; and in summer with holiday traffic.[1][2][3][4][5] Because of this, people have described the A21 as "a joke" and businesspeople have been reported to "hate coming down the A21".[1] There have been many proposals to upgrade parts of the A21 in response to this.
Parts of the A21 follow the historic turnpike roads: for example the section from Sevenoaks to Tunbridge Wells, opened in 1710;[6] other sections of the road were similarly dealt with later in the century. It is also the location of the first wildlife overbridge in the United Kingdom, near Lamberhurst. The road between the M25 and Hastings is designated a trunk road, and is maintained and managed by Highways England (formerly known as the Highways Agency).
The A21 is used for the 55 miles (89 km) Maydayrun to Hastings in which motorcyclists ride from South London to the Hastings seafront. It claims to be the largest non-organised event in the UK,[2] attracting over 20,000 bikers.
The route
The A21 begins in Lewisham, about 5.9 miles (9 km) southeast of the centre of London. Passing through Catford, Bromley and Farnborough, twenty miles (32 km) from the start of the journey, it reaches the Kent border and the open countryside. Shortly afterwards the M25 is reached, with which it multiplexes for about 5 miles (8.0 km). At this point, the road becomes a trunk road, a distinction it has held since April 1977.[7] The continuation through Kent heads south east for around 26 miles (42 km). This section is mostly a dual carriageway; but there are a few short stretches of single carriageway, resulting in frequent congestion, especially in peak periods. Beyond the East Sussex border, the road is entirely single carriageway, sometimes with steep gradients. Another bypass takes the A21 around the narrow road through Salehurst and Robertsbridge. Immediately before Hastings is the final hill, almost 4 miles (6 km) in length.
History
Parts of the A21 follow the turnpike roads: one being the section from Sevenoaks to Tunbridge Wells, opened in 1710;[6] other sections of the road were similarly dealt with later in the century.
South of Johns Cross, the A21 originally followed the present day A2100 road passing Mountfield and heading through Battle and approaching Silverhill via Hollington. The A21 was later rerouted to the east along what was formerly the B2091, A229 and A28.
Sections of the A21 were upgraded to a dual carriageway standard in stages in the 20th century. The Sevenoaks Bypass opened in 1966, followed by the Tonbridge bypass and associated Medway Valley viaduct in July 1971.[8] The Pembury bypass opened in 1988,[9] followed by the Robertsbridge bypass in 1989.
The Lamberhurst Bypass was opened on 23 March 2005 to a cost of £18 million. The A21 used to have steep inclines into the village and the valley of the River Bewl. Included in the scheme is Britain's first[10] land bridge at Scotney Castle which facilitates safe migration of wild animals over the road.[11] The scheme was constructed by May Gurney who planted 50,000 trees on the new road.[12]
Between 1988 and 2017, the Tonbridge bypass and the Pembury bypass were separated by a 1.7 miles (2.7 km) section of 7.3m wide single carriageway with no footways or verges. Severe congestion was frequent[13] as this stretch carried an average of 35,000 vehicles each day, significantly higher than its original capacity, and the number of accidents occurring on this road was above the national average. There were proposals to upgrade this section of A21 to a dual carriageway standard following the Pembury bypasses completion, however they were delayed multiple times.[14][15] In the 2000s, an upgrade scheme was proposed by the Highways Agency, and in 2013 it underwent public enquiry.[16] The scheme layout followed the existing carriageway and involved the construction of a pedestrian and cycle route along its whole length, as well as upgrading the Longfield Road roundabout into a grade-separated Roundabout interchange. £92million of government money was made available to the scheme in July 2013.[17] Preparatory works started in September 2014,[18] which involved nine hectares of ancient woodland being removed. Trees and shrubs were relocated to adjacent land and nesting boxes were installed to protect endangered species such as the dormouse. As a result of the widening of the carriageway a number of buildings were demolished, including a Grade 2 listed 18th century barn. Completion of the scheme was delayed in late 2016 after the discovery of asbestos contamination.[19] The improved road opened in September 2017.[20]
The route in detail
London
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The A21 starts in Lewisham in London at a junction with the A20 known as "Loampit Vale Junction". From there the road uses various roads in Catford, where the A205 (the South Circular Road) crosses the A21; it runs south east up Bromley Hill to enter the London Borough of Bromley, where there are sections of dual carriageway, on the town‘s gyratory system (part of which is called Kentish Way) .
Up Masons Hill the road reaches Bromley Common, the first large-scale open space negotiated; briefly, just before Farnborough, the road becomes Hastings Road. The original A21 went through the suburb, the High Street is now the B2158. Until now the road has been in a south-easterly direction, but after Green Street Green it turns eastwards towards the valley of the River Darent, and it is at this point that the road pattern makes a complete change from its original route.
The A21 originally entered Kent here and climbed to the scarp of the North Downs at Polhill, and then descended through Dunton Green and up the valley of the River Darent to Sevenoaks; through the town centre and then down into the Medway valley via Hildenborough to Tonbridge. The London Road at the north of the town is now the B245; it continued through the long High Street, over the many bridges of the river (during which time it was also part of the A26 from Maidstone ). As the road began to climb out of the valley it took a left fork; shortly after this the route of the modern A21 is rejoined.
Knockholt to Castle Hill
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Where the new A21 begins, and also where the A224 joins from the north, the road is called the Sevenoaks Road; at Knockholt (Hewitts Roundabout), the road enters Kent near its junction with a spur from the M25 motorway. The A21 actually multiplexes with the M25 and descends the North Downs Scarp here. The M25 then has to use a slip road in the left lane and the A21 takes priority although is still technically a motorway until the junction with the A25 to Sevenoaks and the M26. The oddness of Junction 5 is due to the M26 once being part of the M25. Before the M25 was built, the A21 was the modern A224 near Polhill and then became the dual carriageway Sevenoaks bypass.
This section of the road is a grade separated dual carriageway with two lanes in each direction (aside from a three lane section northbound climbing Hubbards Hill). The road passes to the west of the town, running through a nearby valley until it meets the A225 and B245 at Morley's Interchange near Sevenoaks Weald. The next section bypasses the original route of the A21 along the B245 through Hildenborough, Tonbridge High Street, and Pembury Road to join the current route near the second A26 junction. Between Leigh and Haysden the road crosses the Medway Valley by the means of a two-span lengthy viaduct which crosses the River Medway and passes Haysden Water.
Around this point, the road enters the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The A21 then meets the two junctions with the A26, providing access to Tonbridge and Southborough.
Castle Hill to Lamberhurst
After the end of the Tonbridge bypass, the A21 climbs Castle Hill as the Pembury Bypass as it reaches the North Farm interchange with the flyover for non-stop traffic. The next junction is with the A264 road to Tunbridge Wells and the A228 to Maidstone. The road later meets the original alignment at an at-grade junction (leaving a brief gap in the central reservation) not long before it meets a double roundabout at Kippings Cross where another section of single carriageway starts. The next section of A21 is a major bottleneck, being a single carriageway with frequent bends. In October 2005 the "Preferred Route" to upgrade this 3 miles (4.8 km) section was announced.[21] However, the scheme has since been suspended.[22]
Lamberhurst to John's Cross
After a junction with the A262, the road returns to a dual carriageway standard along the 2-mile (3.2 km) Lamberhurst bypass where the A21 skirts to the east of the village on a road through various farms until eventually it gets to Scotney Castle where the dual carriageway ends at a roundabout.
The next section of road is a single carriageway which travels past Bewl Water and Kilndown until it once again becomes a dual carriageway for 1.2 miles (1.9 km). This, however has recently been reduced to one lane in each direction to reduce speeding. As the dual Carriageway ends, the road enters East Sussex and meets the A268, taking traffic to/from Rye. The A21 then travels through numerous conjoined villages including Hurst Green where it meets the A265 from Heathfield. After a hill descent, the road reaches a roundabout where the Robertsbridge bypass begins, taking traffic away from the main street in the village. This is built to a single carriageway standard. The road then regains the original route before meeting the A2100 at a roundabout in the hamlet of Johns Cross.
Mountfield to Hastings
After Johns Cross roundabout, the A21 takes a relatively straight, though undulating, journey, through Whatlington and passes Sedlescombe before climbing a four-mile (6.4 km) long hill to enter Hastings where the first junction reached is the Baldslow Interchange where currently the A28, A2100 and B2093 roads all terminate. The A21 then heads through northern Hastings where the road is known as Sedlescombe road North with access to sub-urban streets until eventually it meets the A2101 which heads for the Town Centre. The A21 then enters Silverhill where it gets to a junction which is sometimes a major bottleneck. Afterwards the A2102 heads for St Leonards and the A21 becomes the high street of Bohemia where the road is narrow. The route then heads down with access to various emergency services and then enters the town centre. From here the original A21 cut through the town centre to meet the A259 at a roundabout near Pelham Crescent however since the town centre has been pedestrianised the A21 heads down on the sub-urban streets to the east. The next section of the A21 heads around partly on a one-way system near the railway station and the Priory Quarter business development. From here, the southbound stretch of A21 is reserved for buses only and terminates on the A259.
Safety
In 2002, it was reported that a 22-kilometre (14 mi) section of the A21 south of Flimwell was the most dangerous road in the south east outside London, and the 38th most dangerous in the country,[23] however it has since been overtaken by the A259 between Pevensey and Bexhill-on-Sea.[24][25][26][27][28][29]
Proposed improvements
Large portions of the A21, through Kent mostly, are dual carriageway with intervening stretches of single carriageway. There have long been plans are to upgrade some of the remaining stretches of single carriageway to alleviate congestion, safety and accessibility problems in the villages along the route.[1][3][30]
Kippings Cross to Lamberhurst
When the Pembury bypass ends at Kippings Cross, the next section of A21 is a low quality single carriageway road with several steep gradients across the Weald. There are few major centres of habitation on the road and limited or no footpaths. There are many houses next to the route and the road has very frequent bends. The Kippings Cross to Lamberhurst section has a high accident rate and congestion occurs particularly at peak times.[31]
It is proposed that this section should be turned into a two-lane dual carriageway with footpaths and is proposed to be completely off-line, although mainly following the existing route, and have improvements to the A262 roundabout.[32] The Bypass is said to cost £40 million.[33]
This scheme has since been suspended following the 2010 spending review.[22]
Flimwell to Robertsbridge
Plans have been published for a new road between the southern end of the Flimwell bypass and the beginning of the Robertsbridge bypass. The 5.5-mile (8.9 km) improvement will bypass the villages of Flimwell, Hurst Green and Silver Hill.[34] The improvement will commence at the B2079 junction (Lady Oak Lane) on the short section of existing dual carriageway north of Flimwell and terminate at the roundabout at the northern end of the Robertsbridge Bypass. Although part of the road will be brought up to a dual carriageway standard, parts will become a 'wide single carriageway'.[35][36] This scheme has been postponed until 2015 at the earliest and currently route protection is being lifted.
Baldslow Interchange
Since the Hastings-Bexhill Link Road opened, more traffic has started to use the already congested road from the A2100/A28 to the A21 at Baldslow Interchange, Hastings. Construction is underway to build a short link road to the A21 south of the interchange and bring more of the A21, from there up past to a new roundabout in an area north of the interchange, to dual carriageway standard. Another option was to realign the A2100 north of the junction, but this option was less favourable due to environmental concerns.[37][38]
Other improvements
Schemes to upgrade the following sections have also been proposed:[39]
Lamberhurst to Flimwell
Robertsbridge to Baldslow
Junctions
| A21 Road | ||
| Northbound | Junction | Southbound |
| Greater London | ||
| A21 continues into London to meet A20 at Lewisham | ||
| M25 becomes A21 St Mary Cray Dunton Green A224 |
Hewitt's Roundabout |
A21 multiplexes with M25 St Mary Cray Dunton Green A224 Non-motorway traffic |
| Kent | ||
| A21 follows M25 J4 Spur Dartford Crossing (A282) Stansted Airport (M11) Watford (M1) M25(N) |
M25 J4 Hewitt's Interchange |
A21 follows M25(S) Dartford Crossing (A282) Stansted Airport (M11) Watford (M1) M25(N) |
| A21 follows M25(N) Gatwick Airport (M23) Basingstoke (M3) Heathrow Airport (M4) M25(W) |
M25 J5 Chevening Interchange |
A21 follows M25 J5 Spur Gatwick Airport (M23) Basingstoke (M3) Heathrow Airport (M4) M25(W) |
| A21 multiplexes with M25 Westerham Riverhead Sevenoaks Borough Green A25 Non-motorway traffic |
Chipstead Interchange |
M25 becomes A21 Westerham Riverhead Sevenoaks Borough Green A25 |
| Sevenoaks A225 Hildenborough B245 Sevenoaks Weald |
Morleys Interchange |
Sevenoaks A225 Hildenborough B245 Sevenoaks Weald |
| Viaduct over River Medway | ||
| No access | Quarry Hill Interchange |
Southborough Tunbridge Wells Tonbridge A26 |
| Maidstone A26 Tonbridge A2014 Southborough (A26) |
Vauxhall Interchange |
Maidstone A26 Tonbridge A2014 |
| No access | Private road | |
| Capel | Capel | |
| Pembury Hospital North Farm Industrial Estate |
Longfield Road Interchange |
Pembury Hospital North Farm Industrial Estate |
| Tunbridge Wells A264 Pembury Paddock Wood Maidstone A228 |
Pembury Interchange |
Tunbridge Wells A264 Pembury Paddock Wood Maidstone A228 |
| Pembury | Pembury | |
| Farm access | No access | |
| Frant station Paddock Wood B2160 |
Kipping's Cross Roundabout |
Frant station Paddock Wood B2160 |
| Tunbridge Wells Services | Blue Boys Roundabout |
Tunbridge Wells Services |
| Five junctions with country lanes | ||
| Goudhurst Cranbrook Ashford A262 Horsmonden B2162 |
Forstal Farm Roundabout |
Goudhurst Cranbrook Ashford A262 Lamberhurst Horsmonden B2162 |
| Lamberhurst (B2162) Frant Hook Green B2169 Wadhurst (B2100) |
Scotney Castle Roundabout |
Frant Hook Green B2169 Wadhurst (B2100) |
| Bewl Water | Bewl Water | |
| Kilndown | Kilndown | |
| Junction with country lane | ||
| Bedgebury Goudhurst B2079 |
Bedgebury Goudhurst B2079 | |
| Pillory Corner | Pillory Corner | |
| East Sussex | ||
| Hawkhurst Rye A268 Ticehurst B2087 |
Flimwell Crossroads |
Hawkhurst Rye A268 Ticehurst B2087 |
| Ticehurst Wadhurst B2099 |
Ticehurst Wadhurst B2099 | |
| Maidstone Hawkhurst A229 |
Coopers Corner |
Maidstone Hawkhurst A229 |
| Heathfield A265 Lewes (B2192) |
Heathfield A265 Lewes (B2192) | |
| Bodiam Staplecross |
Bodiam Staplecross | |
| Salehurst | Northbridge Street Roundabout |
Robertsbridge Salehurst |
| Junction with country lane | ||
| Robertsbridge | ||
| Junction with country lane | ||
| Mountfield Battle A2100 Bexhill Hailsham (A271) |
John's Cross Roundabout |
Mountfield Battle A2100 Bexhill Hailsham (A271) |
| Cripps Corner Rye B2090 (B2089) |
Cripps Corner Rye B2089 | |
| Whatlington Battle |
Whatlington Battle | |
| Junction with country lanes | ||
| Rotherfords Industrial Estate Battle |
Rotherfords Industrial Estate Battle | |
| Sedlescombe Hawkhurst B2244 |
Sedlescombe Hawkhurst B2244 | |
| Three junctions with country lanes | ||
| Battle A2100 Bexhill (B2092) Ore B2093 Folkestone (A259) Ashford A28 |
Baldslow | Battle A2100 Bexhill (B2092) Ore B2093 Folkestone (A259) Ashford A28 |
| A21 continues into Hastings to meet A259 | ||
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to A21 road (England). |
See also
References
- "Access to Hastings – Consultation Report – Appendices" (PDF). Hastings Online. September 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "BBC NEWS | England | Police seek safe May Day bike run". London: BBC News. 4 May 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- "Funding recommended for A21 plans". London: BBC News. 7 October 2005. p. 1. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
- "Highways Agency – A21 Tonbridge to Pembury Dualling". Highways.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- "BBC article on improvements". BBC News. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Note on turnpike: Sussex Industrial Archaeological Study Group". Chiddingly.gov.uk. 1 April 1968. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- Horam, John (12 January 1977). "A21 (Improvements)". Hansard. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- "The bypass that would change a town for ever". Kent and Sussex Courier. Local World. 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- Bottomley, Peter (22 April 1988). "A21 (Pembury Bypass)". Hansard. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- Moss, Richard (13 April 2006). "Animal Bridge Lets Our Furry Friends Visit National Trust Property". Culture24. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- "Lamberhurst Bypass Information". Highways.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Bypass Opening – Highways Agency" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "A21 (West Kent) – HC Deb, 1 March 2005, c239WH". Theyworkforyou.com. 1 March 2005. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- "Friday 16 May 2008". Kent County Council. 16 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
- "Delay in road widening criticised". London: BBC News. 24 March 2005. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- "Highways Agency – A21 Tonbridge to Pembury Dualling". Highways.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Green light for £92m funds for A21 widening". Rye & Battle Observer. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- "Start of Works Exhibition" (pdf). Highways Agency. October 2014. p. 7. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- "A21 Tonbridge to Pembury dualling". Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- "Major A21 upgrade complete - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "A21 Kippings Cross to Lamberhurst Improvement". Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
- "Cancelled Schemes". Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
- "ROADS NAMED AND SHAMED IN REPORT". Hastings Observer. Johnston Publishing Ltd. 19 February 2002. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
- "Highest risk road sections in each UK Government Office Region (2004–2006)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- The most dangerous road in Sussex is named
- "Britain's most dangerous roads by region – Autotrader UK". Autotrader.co.uk. 30 June 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Britain's Most Dangerous Roads". Itv.com. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Two die and two seriously injured in crash (From The Argus)". Theargus.co.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
- "Britain's most dangerous road revealed". 24dash.com. 30 June 2008. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "A21 South Pembury to Hastings Route Improvements – Highways Agency". Highways.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Highways Agency – Kipping's Cross – Lamberhurst (original)". Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010.
- "Economy: Economic Efficiency of the Transport System (TEE)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- SE fact sheet scheme for Kippings Cross to Lamberhurst scheme
- "Bypasses for A21 villages unveiled". BBC News. 17 February 2005. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "Hastings Online – Meeting Report – CABINET (03-02-03) – A 21 Improvement Proposals". Hastings Online. 3 February 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- "Preferred Route Announcement". Highways Agency. February 2005. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- "Baldslow-Queensway Link Road Options" (PDF). Uk-roads.co.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "A21 Baldslow Junction Improvements" (PDF). South East England Regional Transport Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2010.
- "A21 Improvements move a step closer". Highways Agency. 22 February 2005. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012.
External links
A roads in Zone 2 of the Great Britain road numbering scheme | ||
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