M20 motorway

The M20 is a motorway in Kent, England. It follows on from the A20 at Swanley, meeting the M25, and continuing on to Folkestone, providing a link to the Channel Tunnel and the ports at Dover. It is 50.6 miles (81.4 km) long. Although not signposted in England, this road is part of the European route E15.

This article is about the motorway in England. For the motorway in the Republic of Ireland, see N20 road (Ireland).

M20
Route information
Part of E15
Maintained by Highways England
Length	50.6 mi (81.4 km)
Existed	1971–present
History	Opened: 1960 (as A20(M)) Renumbered: 1971 Completed: 1991
Major junctions
West end	Swanley
	J1 → M25 motorway J3 → M26 motorway
East end	Folkestone
Location
Counties	Kent
Primary destinations	London Maidstone Ashford Channel Tunnel Folkestone
Road network
Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones ← M18 M23 →

Looking east near Aylesford

Route

The road starts at its junction with the M25 motorway and A20 road just east of Swanley, then continues south east across the River Darent, north of Farningham through the North Downs, past West Kingsdown and Wrotham to meet the M26. It then strikes east, running north of Addington. When it reaches junction 4 it passes south of New Hythe and runs parallel to the Medway Valley railway line before crossing it close to junction 5. This next section is the Maidstone bypass. High Speed 1 then runs parallel to the motorway as it continues to the north of Bearsted, crosses the Swanley to Ashford (via Maidstone East) Line then out into the countryside alongside Leeds Castle. Proceeding south of Lenham and Charing it is crossed by the Ashford and HS1 railway lines before becoming the Ashford bypass. Travelling past Brabourne Lees it is once again joined by HS1 and the East Stour.

Just north of Saltwood it reaches the Channel Tunnel terminal and is crossed by HS1 for the last time. The final section runs along the northern suburbs of Folkestone.

History

Construction

The M20 was, in common with many United Kingdom motorways, opened in stages:[1][2]

• Junctions 5 to 7 opened in 1960
• Junctions 7 to 8 opened in 1961

These sections of the M20 were known as the Maidstone Bypass. This road was then numbered as the A20(M)[3] as it bypassed the stretch of A20 through Maidstone which was renumbered A2020. This was the first stretch of motorway to open south of London.[4] Plans for a bypass of Maidstone had existed since the 1930s, originally as an all-purpose project, before being upgraded to motorway standard in the 1950s.[5] When the motorway was extended westwards towards London in the 1970s, it was renamed M20 and the A2020 reverted to A20.

• Junctions 3 to 5 in 1971
• Junctions 1 to 2 in 1977

This section ended at a temporary junction near West Kingsdown.[6]

• Temporary terminus to junction 3 in 1980

This section of the route was difficult to construct due to its steep descent down the North Downs escarpment.

• A point 2 miles west of junction 11 (where the M20 crosses the A20 at Sellindge) to 13 in 1981 – constructed by McAlpines
• Junctions 9 to a point 2 miles west of junction 11 (where the M20 crosses the A20 at Sellindge), in 1981 – constructed by Dowsett

The section around Ashford (junctions 9–10) was originally the A20 Ashford Bypass with actual construction having started before World War 2 – although the route itself was not opened until 19 July 1957.[7] The bypass started at Willesborough near the current location of junction 10 and terminated south of the existing junction 9 at the current Drover's Roundabout. A section of the old bypass is still visible now named Simone Weil Avenue. The original bridge that brought Canterbury Road over the bypass is still visible as the bridge was not reconstructed when the motorway was constructed. This section of motorway has no hard shoulder indicating the smaller width of the old bypass.

This left the motorway in two sections, with the 14-mile (23 km) gap running via the A20 – this was referred to locally as The Missing Link.[8] The level of traffic was not considered necessary to complete the route. Most of the traffic for the Channel ports was using the A2/M2 route. When the Channel Tunnel was ready for construction, it was decided to complete the M20 between junctions 8 and 9 and this opened in 1991. Concurrent to this was the extension to Dover as part of the A20 which opened in 1993.[6] A new junction was also constructed (11A) for the Channel Tunnel.

Operation

M20 near Maidstone showing separated distributor roads

Following completion of the junction 8 to 9 section, the M20 was 3 lanes either side of the original A20(M) section. This was a bottleneck, so it was decided to widen this section of motorway. The road here was increased to a dual 3 or 4 lane road with 2 lane distributor roads either side. This section was opened in 1995.[6]

Between 2006 and 2007 junction 10 near Ashford was remodelled to increase capacity when the bridges across the motorway were modified to provide three lanes of traffic at the roundabout, and local approach roads were widened, with new traffic lights to control traffic flows at the junction between the A292 Hythe Road and the London-bound M20 entry slip road. A new footbridge was also constructed across the motorway.[9] The cost was £4.9 million.[10]

A Controlled motorway scheme was introduced in West Kent between junctions 4 and 7, with variable speed limits.[11]

In August 2016 part of a pedestrian footbridge connecting areas of Ryarsh divided by the motorway was brought down - initially suspected to be the result of an impact by a digger from nearby works to widen the southbound bridge at junction 4 being carried on a low-loader that was moving along the hard shoulder.[12] In the incident, the southern section of the bridge - which rested on a plinth south of the motorway and the cantilevered northern section[13] - was dislodged and fell onto the carriageway below, landing on the trailer of a passing HGV and being narrowly avoided by a motorcyclist who suffered broken ribs taking avoiding action.[14][15] Both carriageways of the motorway were closed to enable the removal of the broken section. The motorway reopened with the Highways Agency having declared that the northern part of the bridge was structurally intact. However this section of the motorway was again closed on the weekend of 3 and 4 September 2016 for the demolition and clearance of the northern bridge element.[16]

The Highways Agency proposed a new M20 junction 10a and link road to the A2070 at Ashford in Kent, east of junction 10 [17] to support the development of South Ashford which has been identified as a growth area in the South East. In May 2012, it was announced that the scheme would be postponed for the short-term future. Planning recommenced in 2016.[18] Work started on building the scheme in January 2018, with works planned to complete in May 2020.[19] The coast-facing sliproads at the existing Junction 10 were closed to allow the final works on the London-facing sliproads at Junction 10a and the new junction opened on 31 October 2019.[20]

Operation Stack and Operation Brock

Main article: Operation Stack

Since the opening of the Channel Tunnel, sections of the M20 have been used occasionally for the implementation of Operation Stack, should the ferries and/or Channel Tunnel stop running. This closes that part of the motorway and uses the area as a lorry park until the ferries and/or Channel Tunnel are fully running again.

Operation Brock is the replacement for Stack, to be used in the event of no-deal Brexit.

In July 2020, the government announced that it had bought a site beside Junction 10A to build the Sevington customs clearance facility and lorry park.[21][22]

Junctions

Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance in kilometres and carriageway identifier information.[23] Where a junction spans several hundred metres and start and end points are available, both are cited.

M20 motorway
mile (km)	Westbound exits (B carriageway)	Junction	Eastbound exits (A carriageway)
	Road continues as A20 London (SE), Lewisham A20	J1	Dartford Crossing, Gatwick M25 West Kingsdown A20 Swanley B2173 Non-motorway traffic
17.8 (28.7)	Dartford Crossing M25 Central London (A2) Swanley B2173		Start of motorway
26.2 (42.2) 26.3 (42.4)	No access	J2	Paddock Wood A20 (B2016) Gravesend, Tonbridge (A227) Wrotham
28.1 (45.3) 28.5 (45.8)	M26 (M25 (CW)) Heathrow , Gatwick Sevenoaks (A25)	J3	No access
30.9 (49.7) 31.3 (50.3)	West Malling, Rochester, Tonbridge A228	J4	West Malling, Rochester, New Hythe A228
33.6 (54.1) 34.1 (54.8)	Aylesford A20	J5	Maidstone, Aylesford A20
35.4 (56.9)	Maidstone, Chatham A229	J6	Maidstone, Chatham A229
36.8 (59.2) 37.2 (59.8)	Maidstone, Sittingbourne, Sheerness A249	J7	Maidstone, Sheerness A249
40.2 (64.7) 40.5 (65.1)	Maidstone (East) A20	J8	Lenham A20
53.6 (86.3) 54.1 (87.0)	Ashford A20 Tenterden, Canterbury A28 Faversham A251	J9	Ashford A20 Faversham A251
56.2 (90.5) 56.5 (91.0)	No access	J10	Ashford A292
	Ashford A292 Hastings A2070	J10a	Hastings A2070
63.1 (101.5) 63.5 (102.2)	Canterbury B2068 Hythe (A261)	J11	Canterbury B2068 Hythe (A261)
65.7 (105.8)	No access	J11a	Channel Tunnel
66.8 (107.5) 67.0 (107.8)	Cheriton, Channel Tunnel A20	J12	Cheriton, Channel Tunnel A20
68.0 (109.4) 68.1 (109.6)	Start of motorway	J13	Folkestone A20
	Folkestone A20		Road continues as A20 to Dover

See also

• List of motorways in the United Kingdom
• Great Britain road numbering scheme
• Category:M20 motorway service stations

References

1. "The Motorway Archive – M20 Dates". Iht.org. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
2. "CBRD » Error 404: Document Not Found". Retrieved 4 September 2016.
3. Jukes, Steven. "Pathetic Motorways". Retrieved 4 September 2016.
4. "CBRD Motorway Chronology – 1960". Cbrd.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
5. Motorways: Maidstone By-Pass (Motorway), The National Archives, 1934–1954, MT39/465
6. "Highways Agency – M20/M26/A20(London – Dover) Route Management Strategy". Highways.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
7. "Hansard". 22 July 1957. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
8. Louise Stewart (20 December 2011). "BBC Kent History – This Week In Time". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
9. "Highways Agency Junction 10 Interim Improvement Scheme Page".
10. "Government News Network Press Release". 7 September 2006.
11. "M20 Junctions 4 – 7 Controlled Motorways". Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
12. "M20 motorway shut after lorry crash causes bridge collapse". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
13. "CBRD » Articles » M20 Bridge Collapse". Retrieved 4 September 2016.
14. "M20 bridge collapse: Injured biker, 73, recalls 'chaos'". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
15. "Collapsed M20 motorway footbridge to be removed". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
16. "M20 closure to remove collapsed bridge ends 'ahead of schedule'". BBC News. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
17. "M20 Junction 10A Scheme Page". Highways Agency.
18. "M20 Junction 10a – Road Projects". Highways Agency. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
19. "Improvements and major road projects - M20 J10a". Highways England. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
20. "New motorway junction opens". Kent Online. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
21. Lisa O'Carroll (10 July 2020). "Vast Brexit customs clearance centre to be built in Kent". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
22. Lisa O'Carroll (16 July 2020). "Kent customs facility will also be used as lorry park, minister confirms". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
23. Traffic England Live Traffic Condition Map Archived 10 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Highways Agency – Locations extracted from Traffic Camera Popup identifier text

External links

Template:Attached KML/M20 motorway

KML is from Wikidata

• The Motorway Archive – M20