2006 Winter Olympics

The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games (Italian: XX Giochi olimpici invernali) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006, was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin, Piedmont, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games, the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome. Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999.

"Torino 2006" and "Turin 2006" redirect here. For the Winter Paralympics, see 2006 Winter Paralympics.

XX Olympic Winter Games
Host cityTurin, Italy
MottoPassion lives here
(Italian: La passione vive qui)
Nations80
Athletes2,629
Events84 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
Opening10 February
Closing26 February
Opened by
President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Cauldron
Stefania Belmondo
StadiumStadio Olimpico Grande Torino
Winter
← Salt Lake 2002 Vancouver 2010 →
Summer
← Athens 2004 Beijing 2008 →
Part of a series on

The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was "Passion lives here".[1] The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building, drawn in white and blue ice crystals, signifying the snow and the sky. The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community. The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ("snow" in Italian), a female snowball, and Gliz, a male ice cube.[2] Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games.

Host city selection
"Passion lives here", the Turin 2006 motto written by the Italian calligrapher Francesca Biasetton.

Turin was chosen as the host of the Olympics on 19 June 1999, at the 109th IOC Session in Seoul, South Korea.[3] This was after the IOC had adopted new election procedures during the 108th Extraordinary IOC Session in light of the controversies surrounding the votes for the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics.[4]

Since IOC members were forbidden from visiting the candidate cities (in the interests of reducing bribery), the 109th IOC Session elected a special body, the Selection College, to choose finalist cities from the pool of candidate cities after each had made their final presentations to the full IOC Session.

The full IOC Session then voted on the cities chosen as finalist cities by the Selection College. Although six cities launched candidacies and made presentations to the full IOC Session, the Selection College chose only two cities to go forward to be voted upon by the full IOC Session: Sion and Turin.[3] The candidacies of Helsinki, Finland; Poprad-Tatry, Slovakia; Zakopane, Poland; and Klagenfurt, Austria were dropped by the Selection College after all six candidate cities made their candidate presentations.[5]

The selection of Turin over Sion came as a surprise, since Sion was the overwhelming favorite in part because the IOC is based in Switzerland.[6] Turin's selection came two years after Rome's unsuccessful 2004 Summer Olympics bid. Those games were ultimately awarded to Athens, Greece.[7]

The information below comes from the International Olympic Committee Vote History web page.

2006 Winter Olympics bidding results[8][9]
City Country Round 1
Turin Italy53
Sion  Switzerland36

Cost and cost overrun

The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Torino 2006 Winter Olympics at US $4.4 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 80% in real terms.[10] This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Torino 2006 compares with costs of US$2.5 billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of US$51 billion and a cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014, the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. Average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is US$3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%.

Sports

The 2006 Winter Olympics featured 84 medal events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports.[11] Events that made their Olympic debut in Turin included mass start biathlon, team sprint cross-country skiing, snowboard cross and team pursuit speed skating.[12] Most of the cross-country skiing events at these Games involved different distances from those at the previous Winter Games in 2002. The classical men's 50 km and women's 30 km distances, which were held at Salt Lake 2002, were not included in these Games, as these events were alternated with freestyle events of the same distances.[13]

The following list shows the sports and disciplines that were contested at the 2006 Games.

  1. Biathlon
  2. Bobsleigh
  3. Curling
  4. Ice hockey
  5. Luge
  6. Skating
  7. Skiing

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.

Calendar
All dates are in Central European Time (UTC+1)
OCOpening ceremony ●Event competitions 1Event finals EGExhibition gala CCClosing ceremony
February 10th
Fri		 11th
Sat		 12th
Sun		 13th
Mon		 14th
Tue		 15th
Wed		 16th
Thu		 17th
Fri		 18th
Sat		 19th
Sun		 20th
Mon		 21st
Tue		 22nd
Wed		 23rd
Thu		 24th
Fri		 25th
Sat		 26th
Sun		 Events
CeremoniesOCCC
Alpine skiing 1 1 1 ● 2 2 1 1 1 10
Biathlon 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 10
Bobsleigh ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 3
Cross country skiing 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12
Curling ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Figure skating ● 1 ● 1 ● ● 1 ● 1 EG 4
Freestyle skiing 1 1 ● ● 1 1 4
Ice hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● 1 2
Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 3
Nordic combined 1 ● 1 1 3
Short track speed skating 1 1 2 1 3 8
Skeleton 1 1 2
Ski jumping ● 1 ● 1 1 3
Snowboarding 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Speed skating 1 1 1 1 ● 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 12
Total events484648393547547384
Cumulative total4121622263437464954586570748184
February 10th
Fri		 11th
Sat		 12th
Sun		 13th
Mon		 14th
Tue		 15th
Wed		 16th
Thu		 17th
Fri		 18th
Sat		 19th
Sun		 20th
Mon		 21st
Tue		 22nd
Wed		 23rd
Thu		 24th
Fri		 25th
Sat		 26th
Sun		 Events

Medal table
Main article: 2006 Winter Olympics medal table
Victory ceremony at Medals Plaza

The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below.

  Host country (Italy)

To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Germany (GER)1112629
2 United States (USA)99725
3 Austria (AUT)97723
4 Russia (RUS)86822
5 Canada (CAN)710724
6 Sweden (SWE)72514
7 South Korea (KOR)63211
8 Switzerland (SUI)54514
9 Italy (ITA)*50611
10 France (FRA)3249
 Netherlands (NED)3249
Totals (11 nations)735761191

Podium sweeps
Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze
14 February Luge Women's singles  Germany Sylke Otto Silke Kraushaar Tatjana Hüfner
25 February Alpine Skiing Men's slalom  Austria Benjamin Raich Reinfried Herbst Rainer Schönfelder

Highlights
Main article: Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Olympics logo on display in the Carlo Felice Square, in Turin

Day 1 (Opening Ceremony)

Stefania Belmondo, a 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing, lit the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony on 10 February. Before that, the ceremony celebrated the best of Italy and Sport including a segment honoring the Alps. The FilmMaster Group K-events (from March 2012: Filmmaster Events) created and produced the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the XX Winter Olympic Games in Turin in 2006. Executive Producer Marco Balich, Content Supervisor Alfredo Accatino, Art Direction Lida Castelli. Monica Maimone of Studio Festi directed the section From Renaissance To Baroque, part of the Opening Ceremony.[14][15]

Day 2

The first gold medal of the 2006 Games was awarded in the 20 kilometre biathlon, won by German Michael Greis on the first day of competition. Ice hockey began with the women's competition; Sweden defeated Russia 3–1 in the first match while Canada's team opened with the second most lopsided win in Olympic history by beating the host Italians 16–0.

Day 3

On 12 February, Latvia won its first winter Olympic medal when Mārtiņš Rubenis took the bronze in the men's luge. Armin Zöggeler's win in that event gave Italy its first gold medal of the Games and gave Zöggeler medals at four consecutive Olympics, including two golds in a row.

Day 4

Chinese figure skating pair Zhang Dan and Zhang Hao, trailing a dominant Russian pair, attempted a throw quadruple salchow jump—an element which had never been successfully completed in competition. Zhang Dan fell, injuring her knee, but the pair finished their program to a standing ovation and took the silver medal. Russia finished the third day of competition with two gold medals, as did the United States.

Day 5

The fourth day saw Evgeni Plushenko of Russia set a world record score in the men's figure skating short program; his 90.66 points was more 10 points better than the nearest opponent's score. The men's combined alpine skiing was riddled with disqualifications, including front-runners Bode Miller and Benjamin Raich. American Ted Ligety won the event in what was considered an upset.

Day 6

Canada had another strong day on 15 February, setting new Olympic records in both men's and women's pursuit team speed skating events as well as opening the men's ice hockey competition with a win against Italy. Italy finished the day with the men's pursuit team Olympic record, however, after the Netherlands bettered Canada's time only to have Italy improve upon theirs. China won its first gold of 2006 with Wang Meng's victory in the women's individual 500-metre short track speed skating. A pair of Austrian brothers Andreas Linger and Wolfgang Linger won the men's doubles luge while Michaela Dorfmeister gave the nation another championship in the women's downhill.

Day 7

Kristina Šmigun won her second gold medal of the Games with a victory in the women's 10 kilometre classical cross-country skiing on 16 February, remaining the only Estonian to medal. In men's curling action, Great Britain edged Germany 7–6, Switzerland kept New Zealand winless by winning 9–7, Canada beat Norway 7–6, and the United States defeated Sweden, 10–6. Evgeni Plushenko of Russia won the gold in the men's singles artistic skating.

Day 8

On 17 February, Tanja Frieden of Switzerland took the gold in women's snowboard cross after Lindsey Jacobellis of the United States fell on the second-to-last jump while performing an unnecessary method grab. Jacobellis settled for silver (she would have won gold if she hadn't performed the grab), while Canada's Dominique Maltais took bronze after recovering from a crash. Duff Gibson of Canada took gold in the skeleton just ahead of fellow Canadian Jeff Pain, becoming the oldest individual gold medalist in Winter Olympics history. In the women's ice hockey semifinals, the United States lost a shootout to Sweden, marking the first time in international competition that the United States had lost to anyone other than Canada.[16] Canada's win maintained its record of never having lost to anyone other than the United States.[17]

Day 9

Kjetil André Aamodt won gold for Norway in the men's Super G on 18 February, beating Hermann Maier of Austria. Germans Kati Wilhelm and Martina Glagow finished first and second in the 10 kilometre biathlon pursuit. The host Italians defeated Canada in men's curling, while Switzerland did the same in men's ice hockey to put the Canadians on the wrong end of two major upsets on the same day. The United States men's ice hockey team suffered its first loss of the tournament as Slovakia and Russia continue their dominance of the pool.

Day 10

Lascelles Brown became the first Jamaican-born competitor to win a medal at the Winter Olympics on 19 February, competing on the Canadian 2-man bobsleigh team which finished second in an extremely tight competition. The German pair was only .21 seconds ahead of the Canadians, themselves only .14 ahead of the Swiss team. Finland continued to be unbeaten in men's ice hockey, handing Canada its second loss.

The day also saw the most hyped event of these games, at least in Europe, as the Men's 10 km Cross Country Relay was scheduled. The battle stemmed from the Lillehammer games 12 years ago in which Italy out-dueled Norway in that very same event. To that extent, many Norwegians wanted to win this event in order to embarrass the Italians on their home turf, but it was not to be as Italy crushed the field winning over Germany by over 15 seconds to take their 5th straight gold in this event. Norway failed to medal for the first time since 1988.

Day 11

The final day of curling pool play was 20 February; Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Canada advanced to the women's semifinals while Finland, Canada, the United States, and Great Britain qualified in the men's competition. Austria took their first team gold medal in ski jumping, while Canada took their second in women's ice hockey.

Day 12

Slovakia and Finland both won their final men's ice hockey games on 21 February to win their respective pools with 5–0–0 records. Enrico Fabris gave the host nation another gold medal in speed skating by winning the men's 1500 metres.

Day 13

On 22 February, the twelfth day of competition, Anja Pärson won her first gold medal in the women's slalom; it was her fifth overall Olympic medal and third of the 2006 Games. Chandra Crawford took a quicker route to the top of the podium, winning the 1.1 kilometre cross-country sprint gold in her Olympic debut. In the men's ice hockey quarterfinals, the previously undefeated Slovaks lost to the Czech Republic while Russia, Finland, and Sweden eliminated Canada, the United States, and Switzerland, respectively. Philipp Schoch successfully defended his snowboarding giant slalom gold against his brother Simon.

Day 14

Sweden took the women's championship in the curling finals held on 23 February. Shizuka Arakawa gave Japan its first gold medal of the Games and first figure skating gold medal, winning the ladies' figure skating competition in part by being able to finish without falling, as Sasha Cohen and Irina Slutskaya both tumbled. Russia wrested the gold medal in women's team biathlon from Germany.

Day 15

24 February was the day of the men's curling finals, in which Canada won its first gold medal and the United States won its first medal in the sport as Canada defeated Finland and the United States beat Great Britain for the second time. The figure skating gala was also held, with top placers in all of the events performing exhibitions. Sweden and Finland won their men's ice hockey semifinal games, defeating the Czech Republic and Russia.

Day 16

The Austrians swept the men's alpine slalom medals on 25 February, led by Benjamin Raich. Germany took gold medals in the men's 15 kilometer biathlon and the men's individual bobsleigh. Apolo Anton Ohno won his second short track speed skating gold medal, with only somewhat less controversy than his first 4 years earlier. South Korea's Jin Sun-Yu wins her third gold of the Games in the women's 1000 m. Compatriot Ahn Hyun-Soo wins his third gold medal of the Games, medaling in every men's short track event and bringing his total number of medals in Turin to four.

Day 17 (Closing ceremony)

The final day of competition and the closing ceremony, were held on 26 February. The Swedish men's ice hockey team handed Finland their first loss in the final to take the gold medal. In the closing ceremony, Manuela Di Centa, a seven-time Olympic medalist from Italy and then-member of the International Olympic Committee, was scheduled to present the medals for the men's 50-kilometre cross-country skiing event. This resulted in her presenting the gold medal to her own brother when Giorgio Di Centa won the event to take his second gold medal.

Venues
Main article: Venues of the 2006 Winter Olympics
Mole Antonelliana in Turin. (2008)

Olympic areas

Olympic events were mainly held in Turin, but other events (namely skiing, snowboarding, and the track sports) were held in mountainous outlying villages for obvious reasons.

Turin

Many venues were located in the Olympic District in central Turin, including:

Other locations
Location of Turin (Torino in Italian) and some other venues

Olympic villages

Official Olympic training sites
  • Chiomonte
  • Claviere
  • Prali
  • Alpe Lusentino - Domodossola (VB) (Alpine Skiing)
  • Riale - Formazza (VB) (Nordic Skiing)

Olympic mountain training site

Participating National Olympic Committees
Participating NOCs. Green: 1–9; blue: 10–49; orange: 50–99; red: 100 or more.

A record 80 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) entered athletes at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games. This was an increase of two from the 78 represented at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that NOC contributed. It was the first appearance for Albania, Ethiopia and Madagascar. It was the only appearance at the Winter Olympics for Serbia and Montenegro, coming between their change of name in 2003 and Montenegro's vote for independence in May.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Organization

Out of 40,000 applicants, 20,000 volunteers were selected to help the athletes, spectators, and journalists, and to prepare the competition sites. They were selected by the recruiting program Noi2006.[18]

Construction

Sixty-five sporting facilities, various infrastructures, sport villages for athletes and media, and transportation infrastructures were constructed for a total of 1.7 billion euros.[19]

Among the most important sporting facilities that were used:

  • The Stadio Olimpico (Turin) (formerly known as Stadio Comunale);
  • Five sports halls (three new, two rearranged): the Palazzo a Vela re-designed by Gae Aulenti (to host short track and ice skating), the Oval Lingotto (speed ice skating), Torino Esposizioni (ice hockey), the Ice stadium in corso Tazzoli, the Palasport Olimpico designed by Arata Isozaki (ice hockey);
  • The Olympic arch of Turin;
  • Olympic villages of Turin, Bardonecchia and Sestriere;
  • The ice stadium in Pinerolo, re-arranged and enlarged, to host the curling competition;
  • A new stadium in Torre Pellice (ice hockey);
  • Twelve new intermediate-level ski lifts in Cesana Torinese, Cesana San Sicario, Sestriere, Bardonecchia, Claviere, Sauze d'Oulx, Pragelato;
  • The tracks for bobsled, luge, and skeleton in Cesana (the second international track in Italy, along with the one in Cortina d'Ampezzo);

The most important transport infrastructure works were:

  • The Turin Metro (VAL system), which for the Olympic games connected Collegno to the railway station of Porta Susa.
  • The upgrade of 11 state roads and motorways connecting Turin with other Olympic sites, including the Motorway between Turin and Pinerolo, which was host to the Curling events.

In the city, the main developments were the Palafuksas, a glass building designed by Massimiliano Fuksas, the new Modern Art Gallery and the great project of the "Spina", that will provide urban regeneration over an area of 2 million square meters through the construction of an underground urban railway and the re-utilization of abandoned industrial areas.

Sponsors
Sponsors of the 2006 Winter Olympics
Worldwide Olympic Partners
Main Sponsors
Official Sponsors
Official Suppliers

Broadcasting

About 40% of the television coverage of the Olympics was in high definition.[20]

The 2006 Winter Olympic Games were broadcast worldwide by a number of television broadcasters:

Country Broadcaster Ref
Argentina TyC [21]
Asia APBU [22]
Australia Seven Network [23]
Brazil SporTV [21]
Canada [24]
 Caribbean CMC [22]
People's Republic of China CCTV [22]
Chinese Taipei [22]
Estonia ETV [25]
Europe [26][27]
Finland Yle [28]
France France Télévisions [22]
Germany [25]
Iceland RÚV [25]
Italy RAI [29]
Japan NHK [22]
 Latin America OTI [22]
Malaysia [21]
Mexico Azteca [28]
 Middle East ASBU [22]
Netherlands NOS [25]
New Zealand TVNZ [21]
Norway NRK [28]
Puerto Rico Telemundo [30]
Romania TVR [28]
Serbia and Montenegro [31][32]
South Africa SuperSport [21]
South Korea [22]
Sweden SVT [21]
Switzerland SRG SSR [25]
United Kingdom BBC [33]
United States NBC [34]

Controversies

The Games had issues with costs covering and international attendance. Due to a lack of funding by the Italian Government, TOROC risked dissolution. American skier Bode Miller was also a focus of controversy in his home country and Canada, where his actions were not considered in line with the Olympic spirit.[35]

Metro

The metro was finally opened to the public on 4 February 2006, after a 45-day delay. It operated on a shorter stretch (XVIII Dicembre (Porta Susa) to Fermi – 11 stations) than originally forecast; it finally reached the main railway station (Porta Nuova) and the rest of the city centre more than one year after the Games, in October 2007. For the duration of the Games, a single ticket (5 euros) covered use of both the metro and other means of public transportation for a whole day. However, during the Games, metro service stopped at 6:00 pm, making it impractical for spectators of evening events. Furthermore, the metro did not reach any of the Olympic venues. On the other hand, the bus service was heavily improved for the Games, although still inadequate at night hours.

Doping

During the games, Italian police raided the Austrian athletes' quarters in search of evidence of blood doping. The raid was conducted due to suspicions over the presence of biathlon coach Walter Mayer, who had been banned from all Olympic events up to and including the Vancouver Olympic Games in 2010 due to previous doping convictions. Around the time of the raid Mayer and two Austrian biathletes, Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann, tried to escape and fled back to Austria. Later, the Austrian ski federation president said that the two athletes told him they "may have used illegal methods". Six skiers and four biathletes were also taken for drug screens by the IOC.[36] Those substance screens later returned negative results.

On 25 April 2007, six Austrian athletes (Roland Diethard, Johannes Eder, Wolfgang Perner, Jürgen Pinter, Wolfgang Rottmann and Martin Tauber) were banned for life from the Olympics for their involvement in the doping scandal at the 2006 Turin Olympics, the first time the IOC punished athletes without a positive or missed doping test. The Austrians were found guilty of possessing doping substances and taking part in a conspiracy, based on materials seized by Italian police during the raid on the living quarters. The Austrians also had their competition results from Turin annulled.[37]

List of athletes with doping convictions in these Games:

  • Russian Olga Medvedtseva was stripped of her silver and other medals in the 15 km biathlon event after testing positive for carphedon.[38]
  • Brazilian bobsled athlete Armando dos Santos, ejected from the Games after a preventive antidoping test came positive (the results were from a test conducted in Brazil).[39]

The IOC has retested nearly 500 doping samples that were collected at the 2006 Turin Games. In 2014, the Estonian Olympic Committee was notified by the IOC that a retested sample from cross-country skier Kristina Šmigun had tested positive. On 24 October 2016, the World Anti-Doping Agency Athletes' Commission stated that Šmigun, who won two gold medals at the Turin Games, faces a Court of Arbitration for Sport hearing before the end of October. If Šmigun were to be stripped of her gold medals, Kateřina Neumannová of Czech Republic could be elevated to gold in the 7.5 + 7.5 km double pursuit event. Marit Bjørgen of Norway could acquire a seventh gold medal in the 10 km classical event.[40]

Ratings and attendance

A number of events reported low spectator attendance despite having acceptable ticket sales. Preliminary competition and locally less popular sports failed to attract capacity crowd as expected. Organizers explained this was because blocks of seats were reserved or purchased by sponsors and partners who later did not show up at the events.

Several news organizations reported that many Americans were not as interested in the Olympics as in years past.[41] It has been suggested that reasons for this lack of interest include the tape delayed coverage, which showed events in prime-time as much as 18 hours later in the Western United States, and also due to the lack of success achieved by big-name American athletes.[42] Primetime viewing figures in Canada were also disappointing, especially after the early exit of the Canadian men's hockey team,[43] though overall viewing figures were up from 2002.[44]

Olympic Legacy
Torino's Olympic Oval hosting the 2009 European Athletics Indoor

The Olympics represented an opportunity to revamp the city's look and change its traditional image as an industrial city by showing the world its hidden side of vibrant cultural life and stunning architectures. Thanks to the olympic exposure and state of the art venues, Turin has become one of Italy's primary tourist destinations and has been established as an important sport center in Europe.[45]

Since 2006, TOP (Torino Olympic Park) has been the agency in charge of managing the Olympic facilities.

Security measures

As with every Olympics since the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics and increasingly since the Salt Lake 2002 Winter Olympics in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, there was heavy security due to fears of terrorism.

The organizers further increased security measures[46] in connection with the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy and insisted that the Olympic Games were going to be safe, which they were; the Olympics concluded without a major breach of security occurring.

gollark: Furnaces are broken, so 3d6 made some command computer command setup to replace them.
gollark: <@&198138780132179968> Someone says \smelt doesn't work (does nothing).
gollark: Probably more, actually.
gollark: Put your swap on a PingFS mount and enjoy Downloadable RAM. If you want to store 1GB you'll need 10 gigabit internet connection.
gollark: https://github.com/yarrick/pingfs

See also

References
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  2. "Torino 2006 Mascots". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 26 May 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  3. "Olympic Bid Election History—Voting Records and Results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  4. "World Games News" (PDF). International World Games Association. April 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  5. "Turin 2006—Election". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  6. "Olympic corruption whistle-blower Hodler dies". USA Today. 18 October 2006. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  7. "Italian city prepares for next Winter Olympics". Associated Press/ESPN. 24 February 2002. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  8. GamesBids.com Past Olympic Games Bids Results
  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rgx6Ds_7R0o
  10. Flyvbjerg, Bent; Stewart, Allison; Budzier, Alexander (2016). The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games. Oxford: Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford). pp. 9–13. SSRN 2804554.
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  13. In the recent years, the Freestyle events and the Classic events have been switched each Olympic Games.
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  15. "Torino 2006: Flame in the Tallest Cauldron". International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2006. Archived from the original on 30 July 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
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  17. Marsh, James H. (21 July 2013). "Ice Hockey in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 July 2020. Canada and the US were again widely considered to be the gold and silver medal contenders, but Sweden managed to eke out the US to play the final match with Canada. Team Canada claimed gold with a 4–1 victory. It was the first time that both Canada and US had faced serious contenders in international women's hockey besides each other.
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  20. Olympics goes all-HD for the first time - Martyn Williams, Computer World, 8 August 2008
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  28. Hiestand, Michael (24 February 2006). "NBC has company in the Olympic TV business". USA Today. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  29. "Turin Olympics to set audience record for Winter Games". English.eastday.com. 28 January 2006. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  30. Martzke, Rudy (6 June 2003). "NBC keeps rights for Olympic broadcasts through 2012". USA Today. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
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  32. "Histori e Shkurtër". Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  33. "BBC coverage of Winter Olympics". BBC Sport. 8 February 2006. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  34. Mahan, Colin (10 February 2006). "NBC set to begin coverage of 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy". TV.com. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
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Preceded by
Salt Lake City		 Winter Olympics
Turin
XX Olympic Winter Games (2006)		 Succeeded by
Vancouver
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