2003 Hong Kong local elections

The 2003 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 23 November 2003 for all 18 districts of Hong Kong, 400 members from directly elected constituencies out of total 529 council members. It was the second District Council election after the handover of Hong Kong in 1997.

2003 Hong Kong local elections

23 November 2003
All Elected Constituencies 400 (of the 529) seats in all 18 Districts Councils
Registered	2,973,612 4.98%
Turnout	1,066,373 (44.10%) 8.28pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Yeung Sum Tsang Yok-sing Frederick Fung Party Democratic DAB ADPL Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing Pro-democracy Last election 86 seats, 24.85% 81 seats, 23.53% 19 seats, 4.70% Seats won 95 62 25 Seat change 17 21 4 Popular vote 223,675 241,202 53,264 Percentage 21.27% 22.94% 5.07% Swing 3.57pp 0.59pp 0.36pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Lau Kong-wah James Tien Ambrose Lau Party Civil Force Liberal Progressive Alliance Alliance Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing Last election 11 seats, 2.42% 15 seats, 3.42% 16 seats, 2.65% Seats won 17 14 13 Seat change 3 1 5 Popular vote 25,720 29,108 29,091 Percentage 2.45% 2.77% 2.77% Swing 0.02pp 0.65pp 0.12pp   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Emily Lau Leung Yiu-chung Johnny Mak Party Frontier NWSC Democratic Alliance Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-democracy Pro-democracy Last election 4 seats, 1.16% 2 seats, 0.41% New party Seats won 6 4 4 Seat change 1 1 2 Popular vote 25,349 14,146 8,418 Percentage 2.41% 1.35% 0.80% Swing 1.25pp 0.94pp N/A
Map of the winning party by constituency

The election was historically significant as it was the first election came after the controversies over the legislation of the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 and the large-scale July 1 protests in mid-2003 against the unpopular Tung Chee-hwa administration. The election saw the devastating defeat of the pro-government pro-Beijing camp.

The pro-Beijing flagship party Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) received the largest defeat in the elections, only 62 of the 206 of its candidates were elected. The party's heavyweights, Yeung Yiu-chung, Lau Kong-wah and Ip Kwok-him all lost their seats to the pro-democracy challengers, with Ip lost his longtime base of Kwun Lung to Cyd Ho of The Frontier. Choy So-yuk also faced challenge from Leung Kwok-hung of April Fifth Action, only retained her seat with narrow margin. DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing resigned for the party's defeat after the election, and subsequently was replaced by Ma Lik. The pro-democracy camp received overall success, with Democratic Party winning the most of 95 seats.

After the election, Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa appointed 102 pro-government members to the District Councils to dilute the influence of the pro-democrats and retained control of some of the councils.

Overview

Before the elections were held, media had speculated the effect of the controversy over the legislation of the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 to the pro-Beijing camp. With the surge of popularity after the 2003 July 1 protests, the pro-democrats managed to present a united platform in the District Council election. More than two hundred candidates form all pro-democracy parties and groups supported the direct election of the Chief Executive by 2007; direct elections of all seats of the Legislative Council by 2008; the initiation of public consultations on political reforms by the government before the end of 2003; and the abolition of all appointed seats to the District Councils after the November 2003 elections.[1]

The pro-democrat candidates challenged the heavyweights of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the flagship pro-government party in many constituencies, including the party vice-chairman Ip Kwok-him's Kwun Lung, Choy So-yuk's Kam Ping, Yeung Yiu-chung's Mei Foo South and Lau Kong-wah's Kam To.[2] Lau Kong-wah stood in Kam To, challenging Democratic Party's Shirley Ho Suk-ping. As Lau was the Legislative Councillor for New Territories East, pro-democrats saw Kam To as a crucial target. Icons like Audrey Eu, Alan Leong and Cheung Man-kwong took turns campaigning for Shirley Ho. Standing in the traditional Hokkien community Kam Ping, Choy so-yuk faced the challenged from Leung Kwok-hung of the April Fifth Action, while The Frontier's Cyd Ho stood in Kwun Lung against Ip Kwok-him. Both Ho and Ip were members of the Legislative Council, while Ip chaired the Legco committee on the national security bill. Ho was supported by Article 45 Concern Group's Ronny Tong and Ip was supported by the DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing.[2]

An unprecedented record of 44 percent, in total of 1.06 millions voters cast their vote in the election. In result, Yeung Yiu-chung, Lau Kong-wah and Ip Kwok-him were all defeated by the pro-democrats while Choy So-yuk retained her seat with narrow margin. The pro-democracy flagship party Democratic Party became the clear winner by winning the most number of 95 seats. Cyd Ho's Civic Act-up which was established after the July 1 protest also captured three seats in the Wan Chai District Council and was able to control the council for the first time with the other independent councillors. Only 62 of the 206 DAB candidates were elected, which became the worst defeat in DAB's history. Tsang Yok-sing took responsibility for the electoral setback and resigned his chairman post. He claimed that the defeat was due to the DAB's unfortunate "Tung loyalist" public image.[2]

Results

General outcome

 Summary of the 23 November 2003 District Councils of Hong Kong election results

Political Affiliation			Popular vote	%	%±	Standing	Elected	±
		Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong	241,202	22.94	0.59	200	62	21
		Civil Force	25,720	2.45	0.02	22	17	3
		Liberal Party	29,108	2.77	0.65	27	14	1
		Hong Kong Progressive Alliance	29,091	2.77	0.05	23	13	5
		Wan Chai Community Union	1,189	0.11	-	1	1	-
		Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions	2,766	0.26	0.13	3	0	-
		New Youth Forum	1,314	0.12	-	2	0	-
		New Century Forum	833	0.08	-	1	0	-
		Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions	-	-	-	1	1	-
		Independent and others	156,827	14.92	-	136	92	6
Total for pro-Beijing camp			489,889	46.48	0.97	417	201	28
		Democratic Party	223,675	21.27	3.57	120	95	17
		Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood	53,264	5.07	0.36	37	25	4
		Frontier	25,349	2.41	1.25	14	6	1
		Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre	14,146	1.35	0.94	5	4	1
		Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance	8,418	0.80	-	6	4	2
		Civic Act-up	5,170	0.49	-	5	3	3
		Central and Western Democratic Power	5,748	0.55	-	4	2	-
		Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions	4,032	0.38	-	3	2	2
		Yuen Long Democratic Alliance	1,489	0.14	-	1	1	-
		7.1 People Pile	2,888	0.27	-	3	0	-
		April Fifth Action	1,149	0.11	-	1	0	-
		Citizens Party	361	0.03	0.22	1	0	1
		Independent democrats	130,453	12.41	-	87	56	8
Total for pro-democracy camp			477,596	45.54	10.29	288	198	38
Independent and others			83,939	7.98	-	132	1	-
Total (turnout 44.10%)			1,051,424	100.0	-	837	400	10

Results by district

Council	Previous control	Previous party		Post-election control	Largest party		DP	DAB	ADPL	CF	Lib	PA	TF/CA	Others		Pro-dem	Pro-Beijing	Appointed & ex officio	Composition	Details
Central & Western	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	6	1			2		2	4		9	6	4		Details
Wan Chai	Pro-Beijing		DAB	NOC		CAU	2	1					3	5		7	4	3		Details
Eastern	Pro-Beijing		DAB	Pro-Beijing		DAB	6	12			1	1		17		12	24	9		Details
Southern	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	2	1			2			12		2	15	4		Details
Yau Tsim Mong	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	4	2	3					7		9	7	4		Details
Sham Shui Po	Pro-democracy		ADPL	Pro-democracy		ADPL	2	1	13					5		17	4	5		Details
Kowloon City	Pro-Beijing		PA	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	7	2	3		3	1		6		12	10	5		Details
Wong Tai Sin	Pro-Beijing		DAB	Pro-Beijing		DAB	4	5	2		1		2	11		13	12	6		Details
Kwun Tong	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	9	4			1			20		20	14	8		Details
Tsuen Wan	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	5	1			1	1		9		11	6	5+2		Details
Tuen Mun	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		DAB	9	9	4			1		6		14	15	7+1		Details
Yuen Long	Pro-Beijing		DAB	Pro-Beijing		DAB	2	4			1	1		21		7	22	7+6		Details
North	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	8	5						3		10	6	5+4		Details
Tai Po	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	Pro-Beijing		Democratic	7	3				2	1	6		9	10	5+2		Details
Sai Kung	Pro-Beijing		DAB	Pro-Beijing		DAB	4	4		3		4		5		8	12	5+2		Details
Sha Tin	Pro-Beijing		Civil Force	Pro-Beijing		Civil Force	7	2		14	1	1	2	9		14	22	9+1		Details
Kwai Tsing	Pro-democracy		Democratic	Pro-democracy		Democratic	11	1			1	1		14		23	5	7+1		Details
Islands	Pro-Beijing		DAB	Pro-Beijing		DAB		4						4		1	7	4+8		Details
TOTAL							95	62	25	17	14	13	10	164	196	202	129

Vote summary

Votes, of total, by camp

  Pro-Beijing (46.48%)

  Pro-democrats (45.54%)

  Other (7.98%)

Seats, of total, by camp

  Pro-Beijing (50.25%)

  Pro-democrats (49.50%)

  Other (0.25%)

Popular vote DAB   22.94% Democratic   21.27% ADPL   5.07% Liberal   2.77% PA   2.77% Civil Force   2.45% Frontier   2.41% NWSC   1.35% Others   40.31%

Seat summary

Seats Democratic   23.75% DAB   15.50% ADPL   6.25% Civil Force   4.25% Liberal   3.50% PA   3.25% Frontier   1.75% NWSC   1.00% Others   40.75%

Aftermath

In December 2003 after the elections, Tung appointed 21 political party appointees to the District Councils to dilute the influence of the pro-democrats as follows:[3]

• 8 members of the Liberal Party
• 6 members of the DAB
• 6 members from the Progressive Alliance
• 1 from the New Century Forum

Professor of politics and sociology at Lingnan University, Dr. Li Pang-kwong said "As in the past, most of the appointees were pro-government or persons without a clear political stance... ensur[ing] that no district council is in the hands of the democrats."[4]

A spokesman for the democrats said the appointees "will have an unfair advantage in that they are getting financial support from the government which will help them run for office in future elections."[4]

References

1. Cheng, Joseph Y. S. (2007). The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Its First Decade. City University of HK Press. pp. 42–3.
2. "【蘋話當年】2003年民建聯區選大敗 曾鈺成辭任主席". Apple Daily. 24 November 2014.
3. Frank Ching, "Tsang grooms his kind of political talent", Pg A12, South China Morning Post, 24 June 2008
4. Michael Ng, Tung picks 'dilute' bodies Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 29 December 2003