Frederick Fung

Frederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (Chinese: 馮檢基; born 17 March 1953) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) from 1989 to 2007.

Frederick Fung Kin-kee SBS, JP
馮檢基
Member of the Legislative Council
In office 1 October 2012 – 30 September 2016
Preceded by	New constituency
Succeeded by	Leung Yiu-chung
Constituency	District Council (Second)
In office 1 October 2000 – 30 September 2012
Preceded by	New seat
Succeeded by	Claudia Mo
Constituency	Kowloon West
In office 21 December 1996 – 30 June 1998 (Provisional Legislative Council)
In office 9 October 1991 – 30 June 1997
Preceded by	New constituency
Succeeded by	Replaced by Provisional Legislative Council
Constituency	Kowloon West
Chairman of the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
In office 1989–2007
Preceded by	Ding Lik-kiu
Succeeded by	Bruce Liu
Personal details
Born	(1953-03-17) 17 March 1953 British Hong Kong
Political party	Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (1986–2018)
Spouse(s)	Chan Man-chi
Alma mater	Bradford University (BA)
Occupation	Legislative Councillor

Frederick Fung
Traditional Chinese	馮檢基
Simplified Chinese	冯检基
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Fóng Jiǎnjī Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Fùhng Gím gēi Jyutping Fung^4 Gim^2 gei^1

Fung pioneered pro-democrats' participation in electoral politics by standing in the 1983 Urban Council election. As well as his role in the Urban Council, he was also a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council. He was first elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election. He is noted for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing and joined the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council in 1996 despite the pro-democrats' boycott. Fung was a candidate for the 2012 Chief Executive election but lost in the pro-democracy primary.

He resigned from the ADPL chairmanship after the party's defeat in the 2007 District Council election. He lost his Sham Shui Po District Council seat in 2015 and lost his re-election to the Legislative Council in 2016. Fung contested in the pro-democracy primary for the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election, but lost to Yiu Chung-yim. He subsequently declined to be a backup candidate for Yiu. He also drew the ire of former allies from the pro-democracy camp by standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, in a spoiler role against the camp's chosen candidate, Lee Cheuk-yan.

Education and early political career

Fung was born in Hong Kong in 1953 with the family root of Dongguan. He entered the University of Hong Kong in 1974 but was ousted a year after because he spent too much time organising social movements and failed his exams. He then joined the pressure group Society for Community Organisation. He went to the United Kingdom in 1979 and obtained his undergraduate Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Policy and Public Administration at the University of Bradford in 1982.[1]

After he returned to Hong Kong, he was noted as one of the pioneers of the pro-democrats to participate in the electoral politics, by running in the 1983 Urban Council election, the first free direct election for the municipal council. He won a seat in Sham Shui Po East with 7,450 votes, which established his long time base in the district. At the time he was the chairman of the Hong Kong People's Council on Public Housing Policy (PCPHP). In 1986, he co-founded the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) as vice chairman. The ADPL became one of the three major pro-democracy political groups in the 1980s.

Legislative career

Colonial period

In 1989, he replaced Ding Lik-kiu as chairman of the ADPL. Under his chairmanship, he was initially involved in forming the United Democrats of Hong Kong, a political party which aimed to unite all democrats in 1990, but later on refused to join his fellow democrats to form the new party, citing his association represented grassroots' interest whereas the United Democrats were more focused on the "middle class".[2] At the time he also served as a member in the Hong Kong Housing Authority from 1990 to 1998.

In the first ever direct elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, he ran in Kowloon West and was elected to the legislature for the first time. A moderate pan-democrat, he is known for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing, which, in his words, is to try to keep contact with the mainland authorities so you will have a chance to convince them to listen to your views. Such stance has been criticised by the mainstream and radical democrats as opportunistic and pulled him into controversy in the run-up to the 1997 handover.[1] In 1996, he decided to join the Beijing-controlled Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Provisional Legislative Council with his party which created by Beijing as a counter legislature against the democratic legislature under Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong's electoral reform, while the other democrats boycotted the provisional legislature, criticising them as a backwards step for democracy.

SAR period

Amid criticism, Fung lost his seat in the 1998 Legislative Council election in Kowloon West, the first legislative election after the SAR was established along with all ADPL candidates. He returned to the Legislative Council in the 2nd Legislative Council election two years later in 1998 and was since re-elected in 2004, 2008 and 2012.

He was also member of the Sham Shui Po District Council from 1999 to 2015. He resigned as chairman of the ADPL after the 2007 District Council election, after his party received a disastrous defeat. In the 2015 District Council election, he lost his long held seat in Lai Kok to a 25-year old newcomer, Chan Wing-yan, of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong with 99-vote margin, while former ADPL member Eric Wong Chung-ki stood in the constituency, taking away 215 votes.[3]

On 8 December 2011, he decided to run for the 2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election, but lost the primary election of the pan-democracy camp to Democratic Party's Albert Ho. In the 2012 Legislative Council election, he ran for the new territory-wide District Council (Second) functional constituency "super seat" which was created under the 2010 Hong Kong electoral reform he supported and successfully returned to the Legislative Council. Since was ineligible to run for the same constituency in 2016 Legislative Council election as he was unseated from his District Council seat in 2015. He chose to give up his long-time base in Kowloon West and ran in the New Territories West, but failed to win any seat. His decision caused criticism as he was blamed for snatching votes from other pro-democrat candidates including Lee Cheuk-yan which led to his downfall in his long time base.

After Legislative Council

He participated in the pro-democracy primary of the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election after incumbent Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration was ousted from the Legislative Council over the oath-taking controversy. His decision of running sparked intra-party conflicts. His candidacy was initially challenged by party's young member Kalvin Ho who latter withdrew from the race. Former vice-chairwoman Rosanda Mok and all ADPL's Yau Tsim Mong and Kowloon City District Councillors quit the party in the midst of the intra-party primary, in protest against Fung's candidacy.[4] Fung eventually became the party's sole representative in the pro-democracy primary. He was defeated in the telephone polls and generic ballots in the primary to Yiu Chung-yim, the legislator who was also disqualified over the oath-taking controversy. According to the primary mechanism, Fung was a back up candidate in case Yiu was barred from running in the election. However, announced that he was under pressure to withdraw as a backup candidacy as agreed in the primary if Yiu was disqualified by the Electoral Affair Commission. "Someone from the progressive democracy bloc told me that if I ran in the poll, they would definitely send someone as well [to challenge me],” Fung said. “I hope my withdrawal will allow the hatred to dissipate."[5]

In October 2018, Fung announced that he was standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, three months after quitting the ADPL, which intended to back unity pro-democracy candidate Lau Siu-lai. Amid criticism from allies, he declared that he was unhappy that another veteran, Lee Cheuk-yan, was chosen by the pro-democracy camp as Lau’s backup, rather than himself, in case she was barred from running. When Lau was in fact barred by the government, Fung began campaigning in earnest, risking a catastrophic split in the democratic vote, and seemingly unconcerned that fellow democrats called him a "spoiler", "sore loser", and "a has-been politician who cares more about his ego than the causes he claims to espouse".[6][7][8] As a result, Fung received 12,509 votes, about five per cent of the total vote share while Beijing-backed Chan Hoi-yan won 106,457 votes, about 900 votes more than Fung and Lee combined.

Fung unsuccessfully ran for a seat on Yau Tsim Mong District Council, in Tsim Sha Tsui West constituency, during the 2019 local elections.[9]

See also

• Politics of Hong Kong
• Democratic development in Hong Kong

References

1. Ng, Kang-chung (4 December 2015). "Hong Kong comeback kid Frederick Fung gets ready for the bad times". South China Morning Post.
2. Allen, Jamie (1997). Seeing Red: China's Uncompromising Takeover of Hong Kong. Taylor & Francis. p. 169. ISBN 9810080832.
3. "Record turnout for Hong Kong's district council elections; two pan-democratic big guns out, three new pro-Occupy candidates win". South China Morning Post. 23 November 2015.
4. "政Whats噏：馮檢基永續參選　莫嘉嫻退黨". 東方日報. 26 June 2017.
5. "Rift in Hong Kong's political opposition grows as camp fails to agree on backup candidate". South China Morning Post. 24 January 2018.
6. "Veteran Hong Kong democrat Frederick Fung to quit party he founded 30 years ago". South China Morning Post. 11 July 2018.
7. Veteran Hong Kong lawmaker Frederick Fung breaks ranks to contest Kowloon West by-election, threatening pan-dems’ bid to regain veto power in Legco, SCMP, 2 Oct 2018
8. Frederick Fung in Kowloon West: Spoiler candidate or one last campaign for an old-time democrat?, HKFP by Suzanne Pepper, 12 Nov 2018
9. "Election Results". District Council Election 2019. Registration and Electoral Office.

External links

• Legco biography

Political offices
New constituency	Member of the Urban Council Representative for Sham Shui Po East 1983–1995	Succeeded by Tam Kwok-kiu
Preceded by Foo Wai-lok	Member of Sham Shui Po District Council Representative for Shek Kip Mei 2000–2003
Preceded by Tracy Lai Wai-lan	Member of Sham Shui Po District Council Representative for Lai Kok 2004–2015	Succeeded by Chan Wing-yan
Party political offices
Preceded by Ding Lik-kiu	Chairman of the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood 1989–2007	Succeeded by Bruce Liu
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
New constituency	Member of Legislative Council Representative for Kowloon West 1991–1997 With: James To (1991–1995)	Replaced by Provisional Legislative Council
New parliament	Member of Provisional Legislative Council 1997–1998	Replaced by Legislative Council
New seat	Member of Legislative Council Representative for Kowloon West 2000–2012	Succeeded by Claudia Mo
New constituency	Member of Legislative Council Representative for District Council (Second) 2012–2016	Succeeded by Leung Yiu-chung