1998 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in 1998, after the government elected in 1996 collapsed and the 12th Lok Sabha was convened. New elections were called when Indian National Congress (INC) left the United Front government led by I.K. Gujral, after they refused to drop the regional Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party from the government after the DMK was linked by an investigative panel to Sri Lankan separatists blamed for the killing of Rajiv Gandhi.[3] The outcome of the new elections was also indecisive, with no party or alliance able to create a strong majority. Although the Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee regained his position of Prime Minister getting support from 286 members out of 545, the government collapsed on 17 April 1999[4] when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, with its 18 seats, withdrew their support. This led to a vote-of-confidence motion in the parliament that the government lost 272-273 (by one vote), leading to a fresh general election in 1999.[5] It also marked the first time since independence that India's long-time governing party, the INC, failed to win majority two consecutive elections.

Indian general election, 1998[1]
16 February, 22 February, and 28 February 1998
All 545 seats in the Lok Sabha
273 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout61.97% ( 4.03%)[2]
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sitaram Kesri I. K. Gujral
Party BJP INC JD
Alliance NDA INC+ UF
Leader's seat Lucknow Bihar
(Rajya Sabha)		 Bihar
(Rajya Sabha)
Seats won 182 141 6
Seat change 21 1 40
Popular vote 96,075,541 98,140,471
Percentage 25.59% 26.14% 3.24%
Swing 5.3% 2.66% 4.24%
Prime Minister before election

Inder Kumar Gujral
Janata Dal

 Subsequent Prime Minister

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
BJP

Turnout was 61.97%.

Results
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Party Acronym Alliance % of votes Seats
Bharatiya Janata PartyBJPNDA25.59%182
Indian National CongressINCCongress25.82%141
Communist Party of India (Marxist)CPI(M)United Front5.4%32
Samajwadi PartySP4.93%20
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamAIADMKNDA1.83%18
Rashtriya Janata DalRJDJan Morcha2.78%17
Telugu Desam PartyTDP2.77%12
Samata PartySAPNDA1.76%12
Communist Party of IndiaCPIUnited Front1.75%9
Biju Janata DalBJDNDA1%9
Shiromani Akali DalSADNDA0.81%8
West Bengal Trinamool CongressWBTCNDA2.42%7
Janata DalJDUnited Front3.24%6
Independents-2.37%6
Shiv SenaSSNDA1.77%6
Dravida Munnetra KazhagamDMKUnited Front1.44%6
Bahujan Samaj PartyBSPJan Morcha4.67%5
Revolutionary Socialist PartyRSPUnited Front0.55%5
Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya)HLD(R)0.53%4
Pattali Makkal KatchiPMKNDA0.42%4
Republican Party of IndiaRPI0.37%4
Tamil Maanila CongressTMC(M)United Front1.4%3
Lok ShaktiLSNDA0.69%3
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra KazhhagamMDMKNDA0.44%3
Jammu & Kashmir National ConferenceNC0.21%3
All India Forward BlocAIFBUnited Front0.33%2
Indian Union Muslim League IUMLCongress0.22%2
Arunachal CongressAC0.05%2
Nominated Anglo-Indians--%2
All India Rashtriya Janata PartyAIRJPJan Morcha0.56%1
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)SJP(R)Jan Morcha0.32%1
Haryana Vikas PartyHVPNDA0.24%1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul MuslimenAIMIM0.13%1
All India Indira Congress (Secular)AIIC(S)United Front0.12%1
Janata PartyJPNDA0.12%1
Kerala Congress (Mani)KCCongress0.1%1
United Minorities Front, AssamUMFA0.1%1
Peasants and Workers Party of IndiaPWPI0.07%1
Autonomous State Demand CommitteeASDC0.05%1
Manipur State Congress PartyMSCP0.05%1
Sikkim Democratic FrontSDF0.03%1
Jharkhand Mukti MorchaJMMJan Morcha0.36%0
Asom Gana ParishadAGPUnited Front0.29%0
Hill Peoples' Democratic PartyHPDP0.2%0
NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)NTRTDP(LP)NDA0.1%0
Kerala CongressKCUnited Front0.09%0
United Democratic PartyUDP0.06%0
United Goans Democratic PartyUGDP0.04%0
Manipur Peoples PartyMPP0.03%0
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak PartyMGP0.02%0
Mizo National FrontMNFNDA0.02%0
Total100%545

Summary
Alliance % of votes Seats
National Democratic Alliance46.61%254
Congress & allies26.42%144
United Front11.74%64
Jan Morcha4.40%24
Others10.82%59
Total100%545

Results by state
State Party Acronym Alliance Seats
Andhra Pradesh Indian National Congress INC INC+ 22
Telugu Desam Party TDP NDA 12
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 4
Others 0
Total 42
Assam Indian National Congress INC INC+ 10
Others 3
Total 13
Bihar Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 19
Samata Party NDA 10
Rashtriya Janata Dal 17
Indian National Congress INC INC+ 4
Others 4
Total 54
Gujarat Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 19
Indian National Congress INC INC+ 7
Total 26
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir National Conference JKNC 3
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP 2
Indian National Congress INC 1
Total 6
Karnataka Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 13
Indian National Congress INC INC+ 9
Others 6
Total 28
Madhya Pradesh Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 30
Indian National Congress INC INC+ 10
Total 40
Maharashtra Indian National Congress INC INC+ 31
Republican Party of India RPI INC+ 6
Shiv Sena SS NDA 6
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 4
Total 48
Orissa Indian National Congress INC INC+ 4
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 7
Biju Janata Dal BJD NDA 9
Others 1
Total 21
Rajasthan Indian National Congress INC INC+ 19
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 5
Others 1
Total 25
Tamil Nadu All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ADMK NDA 18
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam DMK 5
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 3
Tamil Manila Congress 3
Others 10
Total 39
Uttar Pradesh Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 58
Samajwadi Party SP 19
Bahujan Samaj Party BSP 4
Others
Total 85
West Bengal Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPM LF 24
Trinamool Congress TMC 7
Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP LF 4
Communist party of India CPI LF 3
All India Forward Block AIFB 2
Bhartiya Janata Party BJP NDA 1
Others 1
Total 42
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See also

References
  1. Sivabalan, Somu (2013), "Chapter-20.2 Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation", IAP Textbook of Pediatrics, NULL, pp. 1145–1149, doi:10.5005/jp/books/11894_118, ISBN 9789350259450
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate - The Washington Post - HighBeam Research". 3 November 2012. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  4. "BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  5. "The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote". The Quint. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
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