1993 PPG Indy Car World Series

The 1993 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 15th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART under the name "IndyCar". The season consisted of 16 races. Nigel Mansell was the national champion as well as the Rookie of the Year. The 1993 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Emerson Fittipaldi won the Indy 500, his second career victory in that event.

1993 CART season
PPG Indy Car World Series

Nigel Mansell
Season
Races16
Start dateMarch 21
End dateOctober 3
Awards
Drivers' champion Nigel Mansell
Constructors' Cup Lola
Manufacturers' Cup Chevrolet
Nations' Cup Brazil
Rookie of the Year Nigel Mansell
Indianapolis 500 winner Emerson Fittipaldi

The biggest story going into the season involved Newman/Haas Racing. Nigel Mansell, the reigning Formula One World Champion switched from Formula One to the CART IndyCar Series. Mansell joined Newman/Haas Racing as teammate to Mario Andretti, taking the seat formerly held by Michael Andretti, who departed for one year to McLaren. Mansell came to the American open wheel series with considerable fanfare and huge media attention. He won the season-opener at Surfers Paradise, the first CART "rookie" to win his first start. At Phoenix, Mansell crashed during practice and was forced to sit out the race due to a back injury. At Indianapolis, he was leading the race with 16 laps to go when he was passed on a restart by Emerson Fittipaldi and Arie Luyendyk, and wound up third. He still won the Indy 500 Rookie of the Year award. Despite having missed the race at Phoenix, Mansell won five races (four of which were on ovals) en route to the CART championship.

After winning his third CART championship in 1992, Bobby Rahal entered the 1993 season driving the R/H chassis (formerly the Truesports chassis). He finished second at Long Beach, but struggled to get his car up to speed, and shockingly, was bumped from the field at Indianapolis.

Drivers and constructors
Team Chassis Engine No. Driver(s) Round(s) Notes
Newman/Haas Racing Lola T93/00 FordXB 5 Nigel Mansell All Withdrawn from Phoenix due to injury
6 Mario Andretti All
A. J. Foyt Enterprises Lola T93/00
Lola T92/00		 FordXB 14 A. J. Foyt 4 Retired before Indianapolis race on pole day.
Robby Gordon 1–3, 5–16 Used the T92/00 chassis at S. Paradise, Phoenix, Michigan, Vancouver and Laguna Seca.
41 4
84 John Andretti 4 Used the T92/00 chassis.
Chip Ganassi Racing Teams Lola T93/00 FordXB 10 Arie Luyendyk All
Turley Motorsports Penske PC-21 Chevrolet 69 Eddie Cheever 1–2 Withdrew at Indianapolis and raced with Team Menard
99 3–4, 6
Brian Till 7–9, 11–12, 14–16
Team Penske Penske PC-22 Chevrolet 4 Emerson Fittipaldi All
12 Paul Tracy All
Galles Racing Lola T93/00 Chevrolet 3 Al Unser, Jr. All
7 Danny Sullivan 1–9, 11–16 Missed round 10 (Michigan 500) due to the flu.
Adrián Fernández 10 CART did not allow Adrian to race Michigan due to lack of experience.
11 3, 5–6, 12, 16
Kevin Cogan 4, 7–9
Walker Motorsport Lola T93/00 FordXB 2 Scott Goodyear All
15 Hiro Matsushita All
Lola T92/00 75 Willy T. Ribbs 4–16
Rahal/Hogan Racing Rahal-Hogan RH-001
Lola T93/00		 Chevrolet 1 Bobby Rahal All Switched to the Lola T93/00 at Milwaukee after failing to qualify at Indianapolis.
26 Mike Groff 5–7, 11–12, 14 Used the T93/00 chassis at Road America and Mid-Ohio.
Dick Simon Racing Lola T93/00
Lola T92/00		 FordXB
Chevrolet
Buick		 9 Raul Boesel All
18 Maurício Gugelmin 15
22 Scott Brayton All Used the T92/00 chassis at S. Paradise, Phoenix and Detroit.
23 Didier Theys 16 Used the T92/00 chassis.
36 Stéphan Grégoire 4 Used the T92/00 chassis and Buick engine.
44 John Brooks 16 Used the T92/00 chassis and Chevrolet engine.
90 Gary Brabham 1
Lyn St. James 2–4, 6–8, 10 Used the T92/00 chassis at Phoenix and Long Beach
Bertrand Gachot 9
Eddie Cheever 12
Maurício Gugelmin 14, 16
Hall/VDS Racing Lola T93/00 Chevrolet 8 Teo Fabi All
Dale Coyne Racing Lola T92/00
Lola T91/00		 Chevrolet
Buick		 19 Robbie Buhl 1–6, 8, 12, 14–16 Used the T91/00 chassis at Milwaukee.
Used the Buick engine at Indianapolis and failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Johnny Unser 7, 9, 11, 13
32 Éric Bachelart 4 Used the Buick engine at Indianapolis and both failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
39 Ross Bentley 1–10, 12–16
Bettenhausen Motorsports Penske PC-22 Chevrolet 16 Stefan Johansson All
33 Scott Sharp 16
76 Tony Bettenhausen, Jr. 4
Arciero Racing Penske PC-21 Chevrolet 25 Mark Smith 1–4, 6–9, 12–16 Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Budweiser King Racing Lola T93/00 Chevrolet 40 Roberto Guerrero 1–13
Eddie Cheever 14–16
60 Jim Crawford 4
80 Al Unser 4
Euromotorsport Lola T91/00 Cosworth 42 Andrea Chiesa 1
Jeff Wood 2–3, 5–16 Switched numbers with Kudrave (#50) at Michigan, New Hampshire and Nazareth.
Lola T92/00 Chevrolet 50 Andrea Montermini 1, 6, 9, 13
David Kudrave
 2–3, 5, 7, 10–11, 14–15 Switched numbers with Wood (#42) at Michigan, New Hampshire and Nazareth.
Davy Jones 4
Christian Danner 8, 12, 16
Leadercard Lola T91/00
Lola T92/00		 Buick
Chevrolet		 20 Buddy Lazier 1–6, 8, 10–12, 14–16 Used the T92/00 chassis at Michigan and New Hampshire.
Used the Buick engine at Indianapolis, Milwaukee and from Road America onwards. Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
98 Brian Bonner 4
International Sport Lola T92/00 Chevrolet 30 Marco Greco All
Lola T91/00 Buick 43 Rocky Moran 4 Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Hayhoe Racing Lola T92/00 Chevrolet
FordXB		 18 Jimmy Vasser 1–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16 Used the Ford engine at Indianapolis and from Toronto onwards.
ProFormance Motorsports Lola T91/00 Chevrolet 45 Scott Pruett 2–4, 6, 9, 14, 16 Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Indy Regency Racing Lola T92/00 Chevrolet 29 Olivier Grouillard 4–16 Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Menard Racing Lola T93/00 Menard 27 Geoff Brabham 4
51 Gary Bettenhausen 4
Lola T92/00 Buick 59 Eddie Cheever 4
Lola T93/00 Menard 77 Nelson Piquet 4
Hemelgarn Racing Lola T91/00 Buick 91 Stan Fox 4
Lola T92/00 92 Didier Theys 4
Burns Racing Galmer 92B Chevrolet 66 Dominic Dobson 4
Mann Motorsports Lola T91/00 Buick 93 John Paul, Jr. 4 Failed to qualify at Indianapolis.
Pagan Lola T92/00 Buick 21 Jeff Andretti 4
Nu-Tech Lola T91/00 Chevrolet 28 Brian Bonner 8
Cosworth 33 Dennis Vitolo 6
PacWest Racing Galmer 92B Chevrolet 17 Dominic Dobson 13–14, 16

Season Summary

Schedule
Rnd Date Race Name Circuit Location
1 March 21 Australian FAI IndyCar Grand Prix  S  Surfers Paradise Street Circuit Surfers Paradise, Australia
2 April 4 Valvoline 200  O  Phoenix International Raceway Phoenix, Arizona
3 April 18 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach  S  Streets of Long Beach Long Beach, California
4 May 30 77th Indianapolis 500  O  Indianapolis Motor Speedway Speedway, Indiana
5 June 6 Miller Genuine Draft 200  O  Milwaukee Mile West Allis, Wisconsin
6 June 13 ITT Automotive Grand Prix of Detroit  S  The Raceway on Belle Isle Park Detroit, Michigan
7 June 27 Budweiser/G. I. Joe's 200  R  Portland International Raceway Portland, Oregon
8 July 11 Budweiser Grand Prix of Cleveland  S  Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport Cleveland, Ohio
9 July 18 Molson Indy Toronto  S  Exhibition Place Toronto, Ontario
10 August 1 Marlboro 500  O  Michigan International Speedway Brooklyn, Michigan
11 August 8 New England 200  O  New Hampshire International Speedway Loudon, New Hampshire
12 August 22 Texaco/Havoline 200  R  Road America Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin
13 August 29 Molson Indy Vancouver  S  Streets of Vancouver Vancouver, British Columbia
14 September 12 Pioneer Electronics 200  R  Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course Lexington, Ohio
15 September 19 Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix  O  Nazareth Speedway Nazareth, Pennsylvania
16 October 3 Toyota Grand Prix of Monterey  R  Laguna Seca Raceway Monterey, California

 O  Oval/Speedway
 R  Dedicated road course
 S  Temporary street circuit

  • Indianapolis was USAC-sanctioned but counted towards the PPG Indy Car title.


Race Results
Round Race Pole position Fastest lap Race Winner Race Time Report
Driver Chassis Engine Team
1 Australian FAI IndyCar Grand Prix Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 1:52:02 Report
2 Valvoline 200 Scott Goodyear Unknown Mario Andretti Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 1:36:53 Report
3 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach Nigel Mansell Unknown Paul Tracy Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:47:36 Report
4 Indianapolis 500 Arie Luyendyk Emerson Fittipaldi Emerson Fittipaldi Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 3:10:49 Report
5 Miller Genuine Draft 200 Raul Boesel Unknown Nigel Mansell Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 1:48:08 Report
6 ITT Automotive Grand Prix of Detroit Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Danny Sullivan Lola Chevrolet Galles Racing 1:56:43 Report
7 Budweiser/G. I. Joe's 200 Nigel Mansell Emerson Fittipaldi Emerson Fittipaldi Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 2:03:54 Report
8 Budweiser Grand Prix of Cleveland Paul Tracy Unknown Paul Tracy Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:34:27 Report
9 Molson Indy Toronto Emerson Fittipaldi Emerson Fittipaldi Paul Tracy Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:53:58 Report
10 Marlboro 500 Mario Andretti Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 2:39:24 Report
11 New England 200 Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 1:37:33 Report
12 Texaco/Havoline 200 Paul Tracy Paul Tracy Paul Tracy Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:41:20 Report
13 Molson Indy Vancouver Scott Goodyear Unknown Al Unser, Jr. Lola Chevrolet Galles Racing 1:49:52 Report
14 Pioneer Electronics 200 Nigel Mansell Unknown Emerson Fittipaldi Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:56:59 Report
15 Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix Nigel Mansell Unknown Nigel Mansell Lola Ford Newman/Haas Racing 1:15:37 Report
16 Toyota Grand Prix of Monterey Emerson Fittipaldi Unknown Paul Tracy Penske Chevrolet Team Penske 1:44:58 Report

Final Drivers standings
Pos Driver SUR PHX LBH INDY MIL DET POR CLE TOR MIC NHA ROA VAN MDO NAZ LAG Pts
1 Nigel Mansell  RY  1 Wth 3 3 1 15 2 3 20 1* 1 2 6 12 1* 23 191
2 Emerson Fittipaldi 2* 14 13 1 3 23 1* 2 2 13 3 5 7 1* 5 2 183
3 Paul Tracy 21 16* 1* 30 20 9 3 1* 1* 19 2* 1* 13 25 3 1* 157
4 Bobby Rahal 6 22 2 DNQ 4 5 4 28 4 9 7 3 2* 6 6 7 133
5 Raul Boesel 8 2 12 4 2* 2 7 7 7 4 21 4 9 4 9 11 132
6 Mario Andretti 4 1 18 5* 18 3 6 5 8 2 20 15 5 7 13 9 117
7 Al Unser, Jr. 15 4 21 8 5 6 5 19 5 8 8 25 1 8 25 5 100
8 Arie Luyendyk 5 6 11 2 22 17 10 10 22 3 25 9 25 5 8 3 90
9 Scott Goodyear 10 20 16 7 23 10 12 20 9 5 19 10 4 3 2 4 86
10 Robby Gordon 3 18 DSQ 27 10 8 8 6 6 15 5 20 23 2 4 10 84
11 Teo Fabi 9 5 4 9 9 22 25 8 14 6 16 8 8 24 11 8 64
12 Danny Sullivan 13 23 8 33 16 1* 14 14 3 Wth 22 26 10 27 20 27 43
13 Stefan Johansson 12 21 26 11 25 20 26 4 24 23 14 21 3 26 7 6 43
14 Roberto Guerrero 19 15 5 28 7 26 24 29 10 7 4 23 11 39
15 Scott Brayton 16 25 24 6 6 14 17 18 19 11 6 7 24 9 15 24 36
16 Jimmy Vasser 24 3 22 13 8 16 11 11 9 18 10 21 30
17 Eddie Cheever 7 24 9 16 21 6 28 10 14 21
18 Andrea Montermini  R  25 4 27 19 12
19 Scott Pruett 7 7 DNQ 25 26 15 25 12
20 Willy T. Ribbs 21 11 12 16 27 18 10 15 12 16 11 19 28 9
21 Robbie Buhl  R  23 19 6 DNQ 17 28 24 19 14 17 16 8
22 Mark Smith  R  18 9 10 DNQ 27 29 15 23 24 22 19 12 17 8
23 Mike Groff DNQ 19 11 9 11 18 22 8
24 Adrián Fernández  R  23 21 7 DNS 29 12 7
25 Brian Till 22 9 13 10 22 17 16 29 7
26 Hiro Matsushita 11 10 14 18 13 13 21 12 16 14 13 13 12 13 21 19 7
27 David Kudrave  R  8 27 24 23 12 23 23 14 6
28 Olivier Grouillard  R  DNQ 12 24 13 11 DNS 17 12 16 26 16 18 20 4
29 John Andretti 10 3
30 Marco Greco  R  22 11 25 DNQ DNQ 19 19 22 21 18 17 28 20 18 23 DNQ 2
31 Christian Danner 25 11 26 2
32 Ross Bentley 17 12 15 DNQ 14 DNQ 15 16 25 16 17 17 DNQ 22 DNQ 1
33 Al Unser 12 1
34 Bertrand Gachot  R  12 1
35 Kevin Cogan 14 27 13 15 0
36 Lyn St. James  R  13 17 25 DNQ 20 23 22 0
37 Maurício Gugelmin  R  21 24 13 0
38 Buddy Lazier 20 17 19 DNQ 15 18 21 21 DNQ 14 20 26 DNQ 0
39 Dominic Dobson 23 14 DNQ 18 0
40 Gary Brabham  R  14 0
41 Jeff Wood DNQ 20 DNQ DNQ 28 17 28 20 24 27 15 DNQ DNS DNQ 0
42 Didier Theys 22 15 0
43 Davy Jones 15 0
44 Johnny Unser  R  18 17 18 21 0
45 Gary Bettenhausen 17 0
46 Stéphan Grégoire  R  19 0
47 Tony Bettenhausen, Jr. 20 0
48 Scott Sharp  R  22 0
49 Jim Crawford 24 0
50 Brian Bonner DNQ 26 DNQ 0
51 Geoff Brabham  R  26 0
52 Andrea Chiesa  R  26 0
53 Jeff Andretti 29 0
54 Stan Fox 31 0
55 Nelson Piquet  R  32 0
Éric Bachelart DNQ 0
John Brooks DNQ 0
A. J. Foyt DNQ 0
Davey Hamilton DNQ 0
Rocky Moran DNQ 0
John Morton DNQ 0
Johnny Parsons DNQ 0
John Paul, Jr. DNQ 0
Dennis Vitolo DNQ 0
Pos Driver SUR PHX LBH INDY MIL DET POR CLE TOR MIC NHA ROA VAN MDO NAZ LAG Pts
Color Result
Gold Winner
Silver 2nd place
Bronze 3rd place
Green 4th-6th place
Light Blue 7th-12th place
Dark Blue Finished
(Outside Top 12)
Purple Did not finish
Red Did not qualify
(DNQ)
Brown Withdrawn
(Wth)
Black Disqualified
(DSQ)
White Did not start
(DNS)
Blank Did not
participate
(DNP)
Not competing
In-line notation
Bold Pole position
Italics Ran fastest race lap
* Led most race laps
 RY  Rookie of the Year
 R  Rookie

Nation's Cup
  • Top result per race counts towards Nation's Cup.
Pos Country SUR PHX LBH INDY MIL DET POR CLE TOR MIC LOU ROA VAN MDO NAZ LAG Pts
1 Brazil 2 2 12 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 4 7 1 5 2 234
2 United States 3 1 2 5 4 1 4 5 3 2 5 3 1 2 4 5 230
3 Canada 10 12 1 7 14 8 3 1 1 5 2 1 4 3 2 1 207
4 England 1 Wth 3 3 1 15 2 3 20 1 1 2 6 12 1 23 191
5 Netherlands 5 6 11 2 22 17 10 10 22 3 25 9 25 5 8 3 90
6 Italy 9 5 4 9 9 4 25 8 14 6 16 8 8 24 11 8 76
7 Sweden 12 21 26 11 25 20 26 4 24 23 14 21 3 26 7 6 43
8 Colombia 19 15 5 28 7 26 24 29 10 7 4 23 11 39
9 Mexico 23 21 7 DNS 29 12 7
10 Japan 11 10 14 18 13 13 21 12 16 14 13 13 12 13 21 19 7
11 France 19 12 24 13 11 DNS 17 12 16 26 16 18 20 4
12 Germany 25 11 26 2
13 Belgium 22 12 15 1
14 Australia 14 26 0
15 Scotland 24 0
16 Switzerland 26 0
Pos Country SUR PHX LBH INDY MIL DET POR CLE TOR MIC LOU ROA VAN MDO NAZ LAG Pts

Chassis Constructor's Cup
Pos Chassis Pts
1 Lola T9300/T9200/T9100 297
2 Penske PC-22/PC-21 256
3 Rahal-Hogan RH-001 32
4 Galmer 92B 0
Pos Chassis Pts

Engine Manufacturer's Cup
Pos Engine Pts
1 Chevrolet A/B/C 343
2 Ford XB 269
3 Cosworth DFS 0
4 Buick 0
5 Menard 0
Pos Engine Pts

Driver Breakdown
Pos Driver Team Starts Wins Podiums Top 5s Top 10s Poles Points
1 Mansell  R  Newman/Haas Racing 15 5 9 9 10 7 191
2 Fittipaldi Team Penske 16 3 8 10 12 2 183
3 Tracy Team Penske 16 5 8 8 9 2 157
4 Rahal Rahal-Hogan Racing 16 0 3 7 13 0 133
5 Boesel Dick Simon Racing 16 0 3 7 13 1 132
6 M. Andretti Newman/Haas Racing 16 1 3 7 11 1 117
7 Unser Jr. Galles Racing 16 1 1 6 11 0 100
8 Luyendyk Chip Ganassi Racing 16 0 3 5 10 1 90
9 Goodyear Walker Motorsport 16 0 2 5 10 2 86
10 Gordon Copenhagen Racing 16 0 2 4 10 0 84
11 Fabi Hall/VDS Racing 16 0 0 2 10 0 64
12 Sullivan Galles Racing 15 1 2 2 5 0 43
12 Johansson Bettenhausen Racing 16 0 1 2 4 0 43
14 Guerrero Budweiser King Racing 13 0 2 3 5 0 39
15 Brayton Dick Simon Racing 16 0 0 0 5 0 36
16 Vasser Hayhoe Racing 12 0 1 1 4 0 30
17 Cheever Dick Simon Racing
Budweiser King Racing
Menard Racing		 9 0 0 0 4 0 21
18 Montermini  R  Euromotorsport 4 0 0 1 1 0 12
18 Pruett ProFormance Motorsports 6 0 0 0 2 0 12
20 Ribbs Walker Motorsport 13 0 0 0 1 0 9
21 Buhl  R  Dale Coyne Racing 10 0 0 0 1 0 8
21 Smith  R  Arciero Racing 12 0 0 0 2 0 8
21 Groff Rahal-Hogan Racing 5 0 0 0 1 0 8
24 Fernández  R  Galles Racing
Molson		 5 0 0 0 1 0 7
24 Till Turley Motorsports 8 0 0 0 2 0 7
24 Matsushita Walker Motorsport 16 0 0 0 1 0 7
27 Kudrave  R  Euromotorsport 9 0 0 0 1 0 6
28 Grouillard  R  Arciero Racing
Indy Regency Racing		 11 0 0 0 0 0 4
29 J. Andretti Copenhagen Racing 1 0 0 0 1 0 3
30 Greco  R  Team Losi
International Sport		 13 0 0 0 0 0 2
30 Danner Euromotorsport 3 0 0 0 0 0 2
32 Bentley Dale Coyne Racing 11 0 0 0 0 0 1
32 A. Unser Budweiser King Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
32 Gachot  R  Dick Simon Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
35 Cogan Conseco 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 St. James  R  J. C. Penney 6 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Gugelmin  R  Hollywood American 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Lazier Financial World
Leadercard
Applebee's		 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Dobson Coors Light
Winning Spirit
Skycell		 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Ga. Brabham Split Cycle 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Jeff Wood Euromotorsport
AGIP		 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Theys Delta Faucets
Kinko's		 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Jones Euromotorsport 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 J. Unser (R) The Ruger Special
Dale Coyne Racing		 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 G. Bettenhausen Menard Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Grégoire  R  Maalox 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 T. Bettenhausen Jr. Bettenhausen Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Sharp  R  Bettenhausen Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Crawford Budweiser King Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Bonner Applebee's
Hemelgarn Racing		 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Ge. Brabham Glidden 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Chiesa  R  Euromotorsport 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Je. Andretti Interstate Batteries 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Fox Delta Faucets 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 Piquet Arisco 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 R  Rookie

gollark: One can only hope they'll actually fix things.
gollark: You [REDACTED] a meme and then [DATA EXPUNGED] so that the [REDACTED] undergoes an XK-class ███████ event, resulting in ████.
gollark: There are various misfeatures allowing generation of stupid amounts of money.
gollark: Playing a very broken game.
gollark: Over the past 12ish hours.

See also

Notes

With his title victory, Nigel Mansell became the first driver to win the CART Series in his rookie season. He also became the first man in history to be the Formula One champion and the CART IndyCar champion at the same time.

References
  • "1993 CART Results". racing-reference.info. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
  • "1993 CART PPG IndyCar World Series standings". race-database.com. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
  • Åberg, Andreas. "PPG Indy Car World Series 1993". Driver Database. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  • "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series". Champ Car Stats. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  • "Official Box Score: 77th Indianapolis 500-Mile Race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway". Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  • "Standings after Laguna Seca". Champ Car World Series. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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