1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy

Lombardy elected its eleventh delegation to the Italian Senate on April 5, 1992.[1] This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1992 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.

Italian Senate election in Lombardy, 1992

April 5, 1992

All 48 Lombard seats to the Italian Senate
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Arnaldo Forlani Umberto Bossi Achille Occhetto
Party Christian Democracy League Democratic Party of the Left
Last election 34.4%, 18 seats 2.6%, 1 seat 20.5%, 10 seats
as 56 of the PCI
Seats won 14 11 7
Seat change 4 10 3
Popular vote 1,414,109 1,150,022 726,737
Percentage 25.2% 20.5% 12.9%
Swing 9.2% 17.9% 7.6%

Old local plurality before election

DC

New local plurality

DC

The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the Swiss-bordering Province of Varese and Province of Como preferred the federalist Northern League.

Background

After quite five decades of exceptional political stability, the election of 1992 marked a revolution. Umberto Bossi's Northern League, acting as a catch-all party, took votes from all other parties on a base of tax protest and a federalist project. Christian Democracy lost more than in the previous 30 years, the former Communists, now divided between the Democratic Party of the Left and the Communist Refoundation Party, more than ever, as well as all the other parties.

Electoral system

The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.

Results

 
Party votes votes (%) seats swing
Christian Democracy 1,414,109 25.2 14 4
Northern League 1,150,022 20.5 11 10
Democratic Party of the Left 726,737 12.9 7 3
Italian Socialist Party 694,008 12.4 7 1
Communist Refoundation 316,355 5.6 3 =
Italian Republican Party 232,292 4.1 2 =
Italian Social Movement 197,110 3.5 1 1
Federation of the Greens 175,721 3.1 1 =
Italian Liberal Party 143,473 2.6 1 =
Lombard Alpine League 119,153 2.1 1 1
Others 452,169 8.0 - 2
Total parties 5,621,749 100.0 48 =

Sources: Italian Ministry of the Interior

Constituencies

 
Constituency Elected Party Votes % Others
1 Bergamo Renato Ravasio
Speroni's second election
Christian Democracy

33.5%
22.6%

seat ceded to Pagliarini
2 Clusone Severino Citaristi
Luigi Moretti
Elidio De Paoli
Christian Democracy
Northern League
Lombard Alpine League
37.3%
26.3%
3.5%
3 Treviglio Andreino Carrara
Giancarlo Pagliarini
Christian Democracy
Northern League
33.9%
20.7%
4 Brescia Mino Martinazzoli
Francesco Tabladini
Christian Democracy
Northern League
30.8%
22.3%
5 Breno Maria Paola Colombo
Vittorio Marniga
Christian Democracy
Italian Socialist Party
32.9%
14.0%
6 Chiari Bruno Ferrari
Leoni already elected
Christian Democracy

35.4%
21.4%
7 Salò Elio Fontana
Luigi Roscia
Christian Democracy
Northern League
30.5%
24.3%
8 Como Gianfranco Miglio Northern League 27.6%
9 Lecco Cesare Golfari
Luigi Roveda
Christian Democracy
Northern League
29.8%
22.5%
10 Cantù Giuseppe Guzzetti
Elia Manara
Christian Democracy
Northern League
28.8%
25.4%
11 Cremona Walter Montini
Marco Pezzoni
Christian Democracy
Democratic Party of the Left
26.6%
16.9%
12 Crema Mario Campagnoli Christian Democracy 31.4%
13 Mantua Roberto Borroni Democratic Party of the Left 16.6% Paolo Gibertoni (LN) 20.3%
14 Ostiglia Giuseppe Chiarante
Gino Scevarolli
Democratic Party of the Left
Italian Socialist Party
25.3%
14.2%
15 Milan 1 Antonio Maccanico
Carlo Scognamiglio
Italian Republican Party
Italian Liberal Party
16.6%
9.0%
16 Milan 2 Giorgio Covi
Unconstitutional result [2]
Unconstitutional result [3]
Italian Republican Party


11.1%
6.2%
4.5%

seat ceded to Resta
seat ceded to Molinari
17 Milan 3 Giuseppe Resta Italian Social Movement 5.3%
18 Milan 4 Maccanico's second election 12.2% seat ceded to Covi
19 Milan 5 Agata Alma Campiello
Emilio Molinari
Italian Socialist Party
Federation of the Greens
13.7%
4.2%
20 Milan 6 Giovanna Senesi
Giorgio Ruffolo
Democratic Party of the Left
Italian Socialist Party
16.5%
14.5%
21 Abbiategrasso Achille Cutrera Italian Socialist Party 14.5%
22 Rho Carlo Smuraglia
Giorgio Gangi
Luigi Vinci
Democratic Party of the Left
Italian Socialist Party
Communist Refoundation
16.7%
14.3%
7.7%
23 Monza None elected
24 Vimercate Luigi Granelli Christian Democracy 25.7%
25 Lodi Anna Maria Pedrazzi Democratic Party of the Left 18.3%
26 Pavia Pierangelo Giovannoli Democratic Party of the Left 15.6%
27 Voghera Luigi Meriggi Communist Refoundation 7.7%
28 Vigevano Carlo Pisati
Armando Cossutta
Northern League
Communist Refoundation
21.8%
8.9%
29 Sondrio Vittorino Colombo
Giampaolo Paini
Francesco Forte
Christian Democracy
Northern League
Italian Socialist Party
29.8%
23.7%
16.4%
30 Varese Giuseppe Zamberletti
Giuseppe Leoni
Christian Democracy
Northern League
26.1%
25.3%
31 Busto Arsizio Francesco Speroni Northern League 27.8%
  • No senator obtained a direct mandate. Please remember that the electoral system was, in the other cases, a form of proportional representation and not a FPTP race: so candidates winning with a simple plurality could have (and usually had) a candidate (usually a Christian democrat) with more votes in their constituency.

Substitutions

  • Paolo Gibertoni for Mantua (20.3%) replaced Luigi Moretti in 1992. Reason: resignation.

Notes

  1. Martin J. Bull & James L. Newell, "Italian Politics and the 1992 Elections: From 'Stable Instability' to Instability and Change"
  2. MP Ignazio La Russa helped his party running for this seat. However, according to the Italian Constitution, MPs can't be senators, so he ceded his senatorial seat to his party-mate Giuseppe Resta.
  3. MP Fulco Pratesi helped his party running for this seat. However, according to the Italian Constitution, MPs can't be senators, so he ceded his senatorial seat to his party-mate Emilio Molinari.
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